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Solar eclipse of October 10, 1912

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Solar eclipse of October 10, 1912
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma−0.4149
Magnitude1.0229
Maximum eclipse
Duration115 s (1 min 55 s)
Coordinates28°06′S 40°06′W / 28.1°S 40.1°W / -28.1; -40.1
Max. width of band85 km (53 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse13:36:14
References
Saros142 (17 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)9309

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Thursday, October 10, 1912,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 1.0229. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from Ecuador, Colombia, northern tip of Peru and Brazil.

Observation[edit]

German physicist, mathematician and astronomer Johann Georg von Soldner calculated the gravitational lens effect in an article published in 1801. Albert Einstein got similar values in 1911, and proposed verifying it by observing the stars around the sun. The only feasible way at that time was observing during a total solar eclipse, when the sun is totally blocked. This was the first total solar eclipse after that.[4] Local teams from Brazil and international teams from the United Kingdom, France, the German Empire, Argentina and Chile made attempts in Brazil. However, it rained throughout almost the whole path of totality, and all teams failed.[5]

Related eclipses[edit]

Eclipses in 1912[edit]

Metonic[edit]

Tzolkinex[edit]

Half-Saros[edit]

Tritos[edit]

Solar Saros 142[edit]

Inex[edit]

Triad[edit]

Solar eclipses of 1910–1913[edit]

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]

The partial solar eclipse on August 31, 1913 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1910 to 1913
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117 May 9, 1910

Total 		−0.9437 122 November 2, 1910

Partial 		1.0603
127 April 28, 1911

Total 		−0.2294 132 October 22, 1911

Annular 		0.3224
137 April 17, 1912

Hybrid 		0.528 142 October 10, 1912

Total 		−0.4149
147 April 6, 1913

Partial 		1.3147 152 September 30, 1913

Partial 		−1.1005

Saros 142[edit]

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 142, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 17, 1624. It contains a hybrid eclipse on July 14, 1768, and total eclipses from July 25, 1786 through October 29, 2543. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on June 5, 2904. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 38 at 6 minutes, 34 seconds on May 28, 2291. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[7]

Series members 11–32 occur between 1801 and 2200:
11 12 13

August 5, 1804
August 16, 1822
August 27, 1840
14 15 16

September 7, 1858
September 17, 1876
September 29, 1894
17 18 19

October 10, 1912
October 21, 1930
November 1, 1948
20 21 22

November 12, 1966
November 22, 1984
December 4, 2002
23 24 25

December 14, 2020
December 26, 2038
January 5, 2057
26 27 28

January 16, 2075
January 27, 2093
February 8, 2111
29 30 31

February 18, 2129
March 2, 2147
March 12, 2165
32

March 23, 2183

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ "SOLAR ECLIPSE. Disappointed Scientists". Manchester Evening News. Manchester, Greater Manchester, England. 1912-10-11. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ "TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN OCT. 10". Martinsburg Statesman-Democrat. Martinsburg, West Virginia. 1912-10-11. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "SOLAR ECLIPSE FAILURE". Leicester Mercury. Leicester, Leicestershire, England. 1912-10-11. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ Helmut Hornung (26 May 2015). "A solar eclipse sheds light on physics". Phys.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020.
  5. ^ "GENERAL NOTES". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. December 1912. pp. 288–290. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019.
  6. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  7. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 142". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Additional reading[edit]

References[edit]

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