Solar eclipse of November 3, 1994
| Solar eclipse of November 3, 1994 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Totality with diamond ring effect in Litoral Province, Bolivia | |
 Map | |
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Total |
| Gamma | −0.3522 |
| Magnitude | 1.0535 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 263 s (4 min 23 s) |
| Coordinates | 35°24′S 34°12′W / 35.4°S 34.2°W |
| Max. width of band | 189 km (117 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 13:40:06 |
| References | |
| Saros | 133 (44 of 72) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9496 |
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, November 3, 1994, with a magnitude of 1.0535. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible in Peru, northern Chile, Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil and Gough Island of British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The Iguazu Falls, one of the largest waterfalls systems in the world, lay in the path of totality. Totality lasted about 4.4 minutes, so it was a relatively long total solar eclipse. Occurring only 10 hours and 2 minutes before perigee (on November 3, 1994, at 23:41 UTC, while greatest eclipse at 13:39 UTC), the moon's apparent diameter was also larger. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Images[edit]
Eclipse details[edit]
- Eclipse Magnitude: 1.05351
- Eclipse Obscuration: 1.10989
- Gamma: -0.35216
- Greatest Eclipse: 1994 November 3 at 13:39:05.4 UTC
- Greatest Eclipse: 1994 November 3 at 13:39:05.4 UTC
- Location of Greatest Eclipse: 35º21′22″ S, 34º13′21″ W, South Atlantic Ocean, 1,586 km (985.5 mi) off the coast of Brazil
- Duration of Totality: 4 minutes, 23.28 seconds (263.28 seconds)
- Sun Right Ascension: 14.57
- Sun Declination: −15.1
- Sun Diameter: 1934.8 arc-seconds
- Moon Right Ascension: 14.56
- Moon Declination: −15.4
- Moon Diameter: 2006.0 arc-seconds
- Saros Series: 133rd (44 of 72)
Observations[edit]
Jay Pasachoff led an observation team from Williams College in Massachusetts, observing the total eclipse at a military base near Putre, Chile, in the Atacama Desert. The team took images of the corona and measured its brightness. Teams from Japan and South Korea also conducted observations nearby.[11] The Russian Academy of Sciences sent a team to Criciúma, Brazil, taking images of the corona in polarized light and proposing reconstruction of its ray structure.[12]
Related eclipses[edit]
Eclipses in 1994[edit]
- An annular solar eclipse on May 10, 1994.
- A partial lunar eclipse on May 25, 1994.
- A total solar eclipse on November 3, 1994.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on November 18, 1994.
Metonic[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 15, 1991
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 22, 1998
Tzolkinex[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 14, 2001
Half-Saros[edit]
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 28, 1985
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 9, 2003
Tritos[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 4, 1983
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005
Solar Saros 133[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 23, 1976
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 13, 2012
Inex[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 23, 1965
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 14, 2023
Triad[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 3, 1908
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 3, 2081
Solar eclipses of 1993–1996[edit]
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[13]
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1993 to 1996 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 118 | May 21, 1993 Partial |
1.1372 | 123 | November 13, 1993 Partial |
−1.0411 | |
128.jpg) Partial in Bismarck, ND, USA |
May 10, 1994 Annular |
0.4077 | 133 Totality in Bolivia |
November 3, 1994 Total |
−0.3522 | |
| 138 | April 29, 1995 Annular |
−0.3382 | 143 Totality in Dundlod, India |
October 24, 1995 Total |
0.3518 | |
| 148 | April 17, 1996 Partial |
−1.058 | 153 | October 12, 1996 Partial |
1.1227 | |
Saros 133[edit]
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[14]
| Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
 July 17, 1814 |
 July 27, 1832 |
 August 7, 1850 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
 August 18, 1868 |
 August 29, 1886 |
 September 9, 1904 |
| 40 | 41 | 42 |
 September 21, 1922 |
 October 1, 1940 |
 October 12, 1958 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
 October 23, 1976 |
November 3, 1994 |
 November 13, 2012 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
 November 25, 2030 |
 December 5, 2048 |
 December 17, 2066 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
 December 27, 2084 |
 January 8, 2103 |
 January 19, 2121 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
 January 30, 2139 |
 February 9, 2157 |
 February 21, 2175 |
| 55 | ||
 March 3, 2193 | ||
Inex series[edit]
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Inex series members between 1901 and 2100: | ||
|---|---|---|
 January 3, 1908 (Saros 130) |
 December 13, 1936 (Saros 131) |
 November 23, 1965 (Saros 132) |
November 3, 1994 (Saros 133) |
 October 14, 2023 (Saros 134) |
 September 22, 2052 (Saros 135) |
 September 3, 2081 (Saros 136) |
||
Metonic series[edit]
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 21 eclipse events, progressing from south to north between June 10, 1964, and August 21, 2036 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 10–11 | March 27–29 | January 15–16 | November 3 | August 21–22 |
| 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
 June 10, 1964 |
 March 28, 1968 |
 January 16, 1972 |
 November 3, 1975 |
 August 22, 1979 |
| 127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
 June 11, 1983 |
 March 29, 1987 |
 January 15, 1991 |
November 3, 1994 |
 August 22, 1998 |
| 137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
 June 10, 2002 |
 March 29, 2006 |
 January 15, 2010 |
 November 3, 2013 |
 August 21, 2017 |
| 147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
 June 10, 2021 |
 March 29, 2025 |
 January 14, 2029 |
 November 3, 2032 |
 August 21, 2036 |
References[edit]
- ^ "Ultimo eclipse total de sol del siglo". La Prensa. Panama City, Panama, Panama. 1994-11-03. p. 27. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Two Sunrises: Dawn Breaks Twice In South America In Rare Solar Eclipse". The Tyler Courier-Times. Tyler, Texas. 1994-11-03. p. 18. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Rare Solar Eclipse Amazes People In South America". Hickory Daily Record. Hickory, North Carolina. 1994-11-03. p. 35. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Sun rises twice in rare solar eclipse". The Times. Streator, Illinois. 1994-11-03. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "S. America captivated by rare eclipse of the sun". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. 1994-11-03. p. 27. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Rare solar eclipse yields two sunrises". The Galion Inquirer. Galion, Ohio. 1994-11-03. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Eclipse de sol oscurecerá hoy a cinco países sudamericanos". La Prensa. Panama City, Panama, Panama. 1994-11-03. p. 43. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Brazilian sky watchers wait for eclipse". The Pantagraph. Bloomington, Illinois. 1994-11-03. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Eclipse shrouds South America". The Daily Herald-Tribune. Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada. 1994-11-03. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "A day with 2 sunrises". The South Bend Tribune. South Bend, Indiana. 1994-11-03. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "1994 total eclipse". Williams College. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019.
- ^ "ON THE STRUCTURE OF 3.11.94 ECLIPSE CORONA". IZMIRAN. Archived from the original on 22 November 2020.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
External links[edit]
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
Photos:
- Chile and Brazil, Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site
- Bolivia, Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site
- ON THE STRUCTURE OF 3.11.94 ECLIPSE CORONA
- Solar Corona Shape
- The 1994 Eclipse in Chile
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