Solar eclipse of July 9, 1945
Solar eclipse of July 9, 1945 | |
---|---|
Type of eclipse | |
Nature | Total |
Gamma | 0.7356 |
Magnitude | 1.018 |
Maximum eclipse | |
Duration | 75 s (1 min 15 s) |
Coordinates | 70°00′N 17°12′W / 70°N 17.2°W |
Max. width of band | 92 km (57 mi) |
Times (UTC) | |
Greatest eclipse | 13:27:46 |
References | |
Saros | 145 (18 of 77) |
Catalog # (SE5000) | 9387 |
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, July 9, 1945, with a magnitude of 1.018. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The path of totality crossed northern North America, across Greenland and into Scandinavia, the western Soviet Union, and central Asia.
The eclipse was mostly seen on July 9, 1945, except for northeastern Soviet Union, where a partial eclipse was seen on July 10 local time, or starting on July 9, passing midnight and ending on July 10 due to the midnight sun.
Observation[edit]
Princeton University sent a team to observe the total eclipse southeast of Malta, Montana. The sun happened to appear from a gap in the clouds around the second contact (the beginning of the total phase). The total phase was not affected by the clouds afterwards, but clouds gradually moved closer to the sun, and blocking the sun during the partial phase after the total phase ended. Nobody saw Baily's beads, prominences or shadow bands there. The team from the Franklin Institute and University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia went to Wolseley, Saskatchewan, Canada. The weather condition was clear before sunrise, with only some thin clouds near the horizon. The sun passed through a series of clouds after sunrise, and the weather kept good since then. The observation was successful. The team from the Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin observed the eclipse in Pine River in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The eclipse occurred on the morning of July 9. The eastern sky was covered with clouds at sunrise. The sun came out from the clouds 25 minutes before totality, and half an hour later the entire sky was covered with clouds again. Because the local duration of totality was only 37 seconds, the team took small- and large-scale images of the corona at the same time in order to completely record the data, to study the characteristics of both the outer and inner corona. Since the eclipse occurred less than 2 months after the end of the European theatre of World War II, only a few Swedish teams, one Danish team and one French team managed to observe it from Scandinavia. Another small Norwegian team and some other teams in the Soviet Union did not make observations successfully due to the clouds. Among them, teams from the Stockholm Observatory, Sweden and Paris Observatory, France observed it in Brattås, Västerbotten, Sweden, and photographed the corona and spectra.[1]
Related eclipses[edit]
Eclipses in 1945[edit]
- An annular solar eclipse on January 14, 1945.
- A partial lunar eclipse on June 25, 1945.
- A total solar eclipse on July 9, 1945.
- A total lunar eclipse on December 19, 1945.
Metonic[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1941
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 28, 1949
Tzolkinex[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 29, 1938
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 20, 1952
Half-Saros[edit]
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of July 4, 1936
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 16, 1954
Tritos[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1934
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 8, 1956
Solar Saros 145[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 29, 1927
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 20, 1963
Inex[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974
Triad[edit]
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 7, 1858
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 9, 2032
Solar eclipses of 1942–1946[edit]
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[2]
The partial solar eclipses on March 16, 1942 and September 10, 1942 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipses on May 30, 1946 and November 23, 1946 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
Solar eclipse series sets from 1942 to 1946 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
115 | August 12, 1942 Partial |
−1.5244 | 120 | February 4, 1943 Total |
0.8734 | |
125 | August 1, 1943 Annular |
−0.8041 | 130 | January 25, 1944 Total |
0.2025 | |
135 | July 20, 1944 Annular |
−0.0314 | 140 | January 14, 1945 Annular |
−0.4937 | |
145 | July 9, 1945 Total |
0.7356 | 150 | January 3, 1946 Partial |
−1.2392 | |
155 | June 29, 1946 Partial |
1.4361 |
Saros 145[edit]
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 77 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on January 4, 1639. It contains an annular eclipse on June 6, 1891; a hybrid eclipse on June 17, 1909; and total eclipses from June 29, 1927 through September 9, 2648. The series ends at member 77 as a partial eclipse on April 17, 3009. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 15 at 6 seconds (by default) on June 6, 1891, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 12 seconds on June 25, 2522. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[3]
Series members 10–32 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
---|---|---|
10 | 11 | 12 |
April 13, 1801 |
April 24, 1819 |
May 4, 1837 |
13 | 14 | 15 |
May 16, 1855 |
May 26, 1873 |
June 6, 1891 |
16 | 17 | 18 |
June 17, 1909 |
June 29, 1927 |
July 9, 1945 |
19 | 20 | 21 |
July 20, 1963 |
July 31, 1981 |
August 11, 1999 |
22 | 23 | 24 |
August 21, 2017 |
September 2, 2035 |
September 12, 2053 |
25 | 26 | 27 |
September 23, 2071 |
October 4, 2089 |
October 16, 2107 |
28 | 29 | 30 |
October 26, 2125 |
November 7, 2143 |
November 17, 2161 |
31 | 32 | |
November 28, 2179 |
December 9, 2197 |
Notes[edit]
- ^ Xavier M. Jubier. "Eclipse totale de Soleil du 9 juillet 1945 depuis le nord-ouest des États-Unis, le centre du Canada ou la Suède (Total Solar Eclipse of 1945 July 9 in northwestern USA, central Canada or Sweden)". Archived from the original on 26 October 2016.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
References[edit]
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
- Вьюшков П.В. (1945). Солнечное затмение 9 июля 1945 года [Solar eclipse of July 9, 1945] (PDF) (in Russian). Saratov: Saratov State University.