Rhode Island gubernatorial election, 2018 (September 12 Democratic primary)

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2022
2014
Governor of Rhode Island
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: June 27, 2018
Primary: September 12, 2018
General: November 6, 2018

Pre-election incumbent(s):
Gina Raimondo (Democrat)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in Rhode Island
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Lean Democratic
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely Democratic
Inside Elections: Lean Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
Federal and state primary competitiveness
State executive elections in 2018
Impact of term limits in 2018
State government trifectas
State government triplexes
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
Rhode Island
executive elections
Governor

Lieutenant governor
Attorney general
Secretary of state
Treasurer

Incumbent Gov. Gina Raimondo (D) defeated former Secretary of State Matt Brown (D) and state Rep. Spencer Dickinson in the Democratic gubernatorial primary on September 12, 2018. Raimondo faced a challenge from the left in Brown, who was backed by progressive groups such as Our Revolution RI and Justice Democrats. Raimondo was endorsed by several local unions and town Democratic committees.

Raimondo campaigned on economic improvements in the state during her tenure as governor, including a decreased unemployment rate and an increase in jobs. She attributes them in part to the implementation of tax credits for businesses, which she argues has made Rhode Island competitive among surrounding states for business.[1]

Brown described the state's economic picture differently; he referred to Raimondo's approach as corporate socialism, adding, "It’s not real economic development if most taxpayers who are struggling to make ends meet have to pay for jobs. That’s a subsidized economy."[2]

Brown framed himself as the candidate with stronger support for legalized abortion; he released an open letter signed by activist Gloria Steinem and former NARAL Pro-Choice America president Kate Michelman, arguing that Raimondo has not been proactive on the issue as governor of Rhode Island.[3] Raimondo has endorsements from Planned Parenthood Votes Rhode Island and the state chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW), and she said that she would sign legislation supporting legalized abortion if passed by the legislature.[3][4]

The candidates traded attacks in campaign ads. Brown released an ad criticizing Raimondo for her role in removing cost-of-living adjustments from the state's pension system when she was treasurer, which she argued was necessary to prevent the system from running out of money. An ad from Raimondo attacked Brown over complaints filed against him in 2006 alleging that he sought to circumvent campaign contribution limits by taking $25,000 from state Democratic parties during his Senate campaign. The Federal Election Commission stated in 2007 that it found no evidence of illegal activity and Brown maintained that the complaints were groundless.[5]

Raimondo declined to attend a debate on August 28, saying that Brown had lied at the state's Democratic Convention in June about the sources of some of her donations. Brown's campaign responded by claiming that Raimondo did not want to publicly defend her record.[6]

Raimondo had a fundraising advantage; she had raised $7.6 million through September 7 compared to Brown's $378,000.[7]

The general election was projected to be competitive. Going into the election, Rhode Island was one of eight Democratic trifectas.

Dickinson had raised $77,000 for his bid through September 7.



Candidates and election results

Incumbent Gina Raimondo defeated Matt Brown and Spencer Dickinson in the Democratic primary for Governor of Rhode Island on September 12, 2018.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Governor of Rhode Island

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/GinaRaimondo2015.jpg
Gina Raimondo Candidate Connection
 
57.2
 
67,370
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/MB_headshot_web.jpg
Matt Brown
 
33.5
 
39,518
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/SpencerDickinson.jpg
Spencer Dickinson
 
9.3
 
10,987

Total votes: 117,875
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Top candidates

The candidates below were selected based on endorsements and media mentions. They are listed in alphabetical order.

Matt Brown

MB headshot web.jpg

Brown was Rhode Island's secretary of state from 2003 to 2007. He touted the development of the first computerized voter registration system in Rhode Island during his tenure. Brown cofounded City Year Rhode Island, a group recruiting young adults as mentors and tutors to middle and elementary school children, and Global Zero, a nonprofit with the goal of eliminating nuclear weapons. Brown obtained a B.A. and a J.D.[8][9]

Brown's platform included Medicare for All and a $15 minimum wage. He also proposed undoing some of Raimondo's major policies. Brown questioned indicators of economic improvements as presented by the governor and called for increasing taxes on large corporations and cutting them for small businesses. He also argued for reversing changes to the state's pension system promoted by then-treasurer Raimondo; Brown proposed reinstating cost-of-living adjustments and investing pension funds in index funds as opposed to hedge funds.[10]

Brown was endorsed by former Gov. Lincoln Chafee (who was a Republican as a U.S. senator and an independent as governor, and who switched to Democrat in 2013), Our Revolution RI, and Justice Democrats, among others.

Gina Raimondo

GinaRaimondo2015.jpg

Raimondo was first elected governor of Rhode Island in 2014. Before that, she served as the state's treasurer from 2011 to 2015. She has also clerked for federal district court judge Kimba Wood and was a cofounder of the venture capital firm Point Judith Capital. She has a B.A. and a Ph.D. in economics as well as a J.D.[11][12]

Raimondo's campaign cited improvements in the state's economy and education system during her tenure. She credited an increase in the number of companies and jobs in the state as well as an increase in wages to business tax credits and job training programs she promoted. Raimondo also touted the state's increase in funding of preschool programs and the institution of guaranteed all-day kindergarten during her tenure. Regarding healthcare, she said that the Affordable Care Act is working for the state's residents and campaigned on working to prevent its repeal.[13]

Raimondo was backed by several labor unions, EMILY's List, and Planned Parenthood Votes! Rhode Island, among others.

Endorsements

Democratic candidate endorsements
Endorsement Gina Raimondo[14] Matt Brown[15]
National figures
Former Vice Pres. Joe Biden ‎✔
Former NARAL Pro-Choice America President Kate Michelman ‎✔
Gloria Steinem ‎✔
State figures
Former Gov. Lincoln Chafee ‎✔
State Sen. Jeanine Calkin (D) ‎✔
Former Democratic gubernatorial candidate Paul Roselli ‎✔
Local figures
18 town and city Democratic committees ‎✔
Unions
United Food and Commercial Workers Local 328 ‎✔
Teamsters Local 251 ‎✔
International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 11 ‎✔
Local 37 Iron Workers ‎✔
Bricklayers and Allied Craftsmen Union Local 3 ‎✔
Boilermakers Local 29 ‎✔
Sheet Metal Workers Local 17 ‎✔
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local Union 99 ‎✔
Operative Plasterers & Cement Masons International Association Local 40 ‎✔
Roofers & Waterproofers Union Local No. 33 ‎✔
Elevator Constructors Local Union No. 39 ‎✔
District 1199 Service Employees International Union (SEIU) New England ‎✔
Carpenters Local Union 330 ‎✔
International Longshoremen’s Association and the Amalgamated Transit Union ‎✔
United Auto Workers Region 9A ‎✔
Office and Professional Employees Union Local 25 ‎✔
Latino Construction Workers Association ‎✔
Organizations
Save the Children Action Network[16] ‎✔
EMILY's List ‎✔
Justice Democrats ✔ ‎
Indivisible RI
Rhode Island Progressive Democrats
Clean Water Action ‎✔
Our Revolution RI[17]
Portuguese Americans Citizens Committee ‎✔
PACs
RI NOW PAC ‎✔
Planned Parenthood Votes! Rhode Island ‎✔
Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund ‎✔
Rhode Island Latino PAC ‎✔


Campaign themes and policy stances

Matt Brown

The following were found on Brown's campaign website.

Health Care
PROTECT HEALTH CARE

✓ Supports Medicare For All (Read the full plan)

✓ Undo Governor Raimondo’s severe Medicaid cuts

✓ Lower the costs of prescription drugs

✓ Expand training for caregivers and affordable care for seniors

✓ Protect and expand reproductive freedom

✓ Expand family leave

We must live up to our values and stop balancing the budget on the backs of the middle class, our children, and the most vulnerable. We cannot keep giving hundreds of millions of dollars in tax breaks to huge corporations while at the same time cutting Medicaid and other programs for the poor, the disabled, and the elderly.

Health care costs for Rhode Islanders have risen 250% since 1991. Seniors spend 75% more on average for prescription drugs now than they did in 2006; meanwhile, the average annual cost of just one prescription drug is nearly $13,000, or 80% of a typical Social Security check.

That’s not who we are and not who we want to be. While we restore Medicaid in Rhode Island, we must build toward a Medicare-for-all system and reduce prescription drug costs by cutting expensive middleman costs from our health care system while at the same time providing high-quality health care to everyone in our state.

We must act now to prevent the looming shortage of in-home health care workers to meet the needs of our seniors, as the number of Rhode Islanders over 70 climbs by 90,000 over the next 15 years. To meet the needs of our caregivers, we will dramatically expand training in the state and offer that training free of charge. We will set rules for pay, benefits, and working hours to ensure caregivers can make a living wage. Caregivers do some of the most important work in society, yet in Rhode Island, they earn on average $11.50 an hour or $23,000 per year — poverty wages for a family of four. That needs to change.

As it relates to reproductive freedom, under the current administration there are severe anti-choice abortion restrictions. These restrictions should not be in place to limit reproductive freedom. That needs to change. In addition, women should have the support from their employers to take time to care for themselves and children after birth. Currently, Rhode Island does not have guaranteed maternity leave for all, and that needs to change.

Education
FUNDING OUR FUTURE

✓ Fund our schools. Not more tax breaks for the wealthiest and corporations

✓ Fix our crumbling schools and ensure it never happens again

✓ Shrink class sizes

✓ Invest in teachers and provide resources

✓ Ensure every child, regardless of income or race, receives an outstanding education

For two decades our state has steadily cut taxes for the wealthiest corporations and individuals while leaving our schools so underfunded that school buildings are now literally crumbling. At the same time, Rhode Island has placed dead last in the country for the education of Latino children. We must repeal those top-tier tax cuts and finally provide the funding our schools need to invest in good teaching, undo teacher pension cuts, shrink class sizes, and make sure our school buildings never fall apart again so that every single child in our state can get a quality education.

Economy
INVEST AT HOME

✓ End lavish corporate giveaways

✓ Lower small business taxes and increase investment

✓ Create Rhode Island Investment Bank to invest our money here

✓ Unlock thousands of new jobs through housing and renewable energy

As Governor, Gina Raimondo’s signature economic development initiative has been to give millions in taxpayer money to hand-picked big corporations. This failed strategy has been widely discredited and has not worked for Rhode Islanders. Business Insider’s state economic ranking, based on employment, wage and GDP growth, dropped Rhode Island from 9th to 17th this year, as unemployment rose above the national average. And CNBC ranked Rhode Island 45th out of the 50 states for its economic environment.

We must reverse these trends and build an economy that works for all Rhode Islanders.

Today in Rhode Island it doesn’t matter if you are a small business trying to make ends meet or a global corporation with billions in profits -- all pay the same 7% flat tax rate. We will create a fair business tax system, in which the big corporations pay their fair share and we cut taxes and fees for our small businesses, which are the beating heart and the future of the Rhode Island economy.

We also know that Rhode Island small businesses struggle to access affordable credit to build and expand their businesses. We’ll make affordable, easy-to-access small business loans a priority of the new Rhode Island Investment Bank.

Under my leadership, this new Rhode Island Investment Bank will have a charter and mandate to invest our money only in Rhode Island, supporting small businesses, clean energy, affordable housing, and more. The profits earned by the bank will be a source of growing revenue to invest back into the Rhode Island economy year after year, creating jobs, raising incomes, supporting small businesses, and strengthening communities here at home for generations to come, without raising property taxes or putting the state further into debt.

Unlike Wall Street banks, the state investment bank will be transparent, closely regulated, regularly audited, and always held accountable. The Rhode Island Investment Bank will work in partnership with local community banks and credit unions to help build one of the strongest local banking industries in the country.

The bank's focus on renewable energy and affordable housing will unlock thousands of new jobs. Right now, homeownership rates in Rhode Island are lower than they have been in more than 30 years, and less than half of Rhode Islanders can afford payments on a median-priced home in the state – one of the highest rates of unaffordability in the country.

The reason is simple: We don’t have enough houses. We will work with cities and towns to help them afford to educate a growing number of school-age children by rolling back the extreme tax cuts for corporations and the wealthiest -- who now pay the lowest tax rate of all Rhode Islanders -- and putting that money back in to schools, with incentives for cities and towns that facilitate the construction of affordable housing.

By unlocking a construction boom and helping developers build the 40,000 new homes needed to meet demand over the next decade, we will transform our state’s economy and future. Building those homes has the potential to create and sustain more than 9,000 jobs every year over 10 years. Adding thousands of new homes will lower rents and home prices around our state, solving our affordable housing crisis. And, perhaps most importantly, the combination of new jobs and homes will attract thousands of new residents to Rhode Island.

Worker's Rights
MAKE WORK PAY

✓ Support $15 an hour minimum wage

✓ Strengthen union rights

✓ Create employee-owned businesses

Over the past dozen years, income inequality in Rhode Island has worsened. The wealthiest now earn more than half of all of the income in the state - a greater share than in 2006 - while the share for working families and the middle class has fallen.

Working families are under attack, in Rhode Island and nationwide. Minimum wage in Rhode Island is a poverty wage for a family of four, but the Governor and other leaders refuse to push for a wage that allows working families in Rhode Island to survive. And as the Supreme Court guts protections for public sector unions, Governor Raimondo vetoes legislation that would leave hard-fought contracts in place until workers and state employers reach a new labor deal.

Any Rhode Islander who works full-time should be able to afford the basic necessities of life. That’s why I support a $15 living wage. A higher minimum wage will keep working Rhode Islanders out of poverty, off of government assistance, and give them the opportunity to build a better life for themselves and their families.

As Governor, I propose increasing the minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2022, increasing $.50 the first year, $1 the second year and $1.50 per year the final two years. We will then tie that wage to the rate of inflation to ensure that people’s earnings keep up with the cost of the things they need.

Rhode Island will join the fight for laws that protect unions and the contracts they fight for and win, including evergreen contracts for public sector workers and laws that allow workers to walk away from the bargaining table if they believe they aren’t getting a fair shake from management. For decades, strong unions guarded us against rising inequality by giving workers power. In Rhode Island, I believe workers should have that power once again. Under my leadership, they will.

To bring the benefits of employee ownership to Rhode Island, we will provide tax relief to a Rhode Island business owner for sale of stock to an employee-owned enterprise. When owners intend to sell their businesses, we will require that owners notify employees that they are eligible to purchase or bid on the business, and give employees the right of first refusal to purchase the business through a cooperative or employee stock ownership program. We will also establish an independent, nonprofit Center for Employee Ownership that provides technical assistance, marketing, and education on the benefits of worker cooperatives to Rhode Island businesses and workers.

Environment
REINVENT ENERGY

✓ 100% renewable energy by 2035

✓ Share profits for all Rhode Islanders

✓ Create 11,000 new, green jobs

The world – along with our neighboring states – is building the energy system of the future powered by water, wind, and sun rather than coal, oil, and gas. Rhode Island has the renewable resources to generate twice the amount of energy we use - enough to export all across the region. Instead, Rhode Island spends $3.6 billion a year – $3,400 for every Rhode Islander – importing fossil fuels from other states that create jobs and profits elsewhere. We want Rhode Island to be the first state in the country to build a local renewable energy system that not only provides all of the state’s energy needs but generates surplus energy to export.

Creating this new energy system is the biggest economic opportunity Rhode Island has had in generations. I believe that Rhode Island can lead the energy revolution by being the first state in the country that not only produces all of its energy from local, truly clean renewable resources — but also exports surplus renewable energy to other states. It would mean thousands of jobs in wind and solar for residential and commercial that can never be outsourced. And Rhode Islanders should have a financial stake in this new energy system so they can benefit from the profits of our shared natural resources. Under my plan, Rhode Islanders would receive dividend checks every year from the profits generated by the energy system, just as all residents of Alaska do.

As Rhode Island mobilizes to lead the energy economy of the future, it must scrap its plans for the Invenergy corporation to clear-cut more than 100 acres in the forest of northwestern Rhode Island to build a fracked-gas and diesel oil power plant. People in Burrillville, Providence, and across the state have been fighting heroically to stop more fossil fuel infrastructure from being built, including the expansion of the Fields Point LNG facility. All Rhode Islanders should join in this fight — the environmental, health, and economic harm caused by anchoring ourselves to the polluting, monopoly energy of the past would hurt us all.

Along with our proposed offshore wind energy system that includes annual dividend returns to the public, we will have a comprehensive solar and land-based wind energy plan that will prioritize building solar in already-developed areas, such as rooftops and surface parking lots, while working to protect green spaces.

In total, our energy plan will create nearly 11,000 good jobs for Rhode Islanders that can’t be outsourced.

Pensions
RESTORE LOST PENSION BENEFITS

✓ Restore cost of living increases for retirees

✓ Move our pension funds out of risky Wall Street hedge funds and back to stable, low-fee investments

In 2011, then-Treasurer Raimondo told Rhode Islanders the state needed to cut the pensions for teachers, cops, and firefighters while moving at least $1 billion into expensive, high-risk hedge funds and venture capital firms. These investments have consistently underperformed and have already cost the state more than $214 million in fees. That includes firms like Point Judith, a venture capital firm Raimondo founded that the state invests with and from which Raimondo makes money.

Governor Raimondo’s drastic pension cuts needlessly hurt public employees and retirees, exposes their retirement funds to even greater risk, and will cost the state’s taxpayers millions more long-term.

As Governor, I will fight for full transparency for investments of public money, including public release of current management contracts, investment fees, and the portfolio of investments. I will also fight for rapid disinvestment from risky Wall Street hedge funds and venture capital firms and move the money back into stable, lower-fee, better-performing index funds; and use the savings from reduced investor fees and improved investment performance to restore annual COLAs for current and future retirees.

Immigration
RIGHTS FOR ALL RHODE ISLANDERS

✓ Welcome and value immigrants

✓ Test and license all Rhode Island drivers

I wholeheartedly oppose and am disgusted by the Trump Administration’s policy of abusing migrants and asylum seekers - interning them at the border, charging them criminally, raiding their workplaces, terrorizing their communities, and worst of all, separating families.

As Governor, I will strengthen sanctuary and asylum policies here in Rhode Island, including ensuring that no state agency shares information about any state resident with ICE, either intentionally or otherwise. For the safety of the public and our roads, all Rhode Island residents should be required to get tested and licensed to drive a vehicle, regardless of immigration status. And, unlike the current Governor, I will end the practice of handing out state tax breaks and other corporate welfare to defense contractors profiting from the Trump Administration’s horrific immigration policies.

Child Safety
PROTECTING OUR FUTURE

✓ Audit all Rhode Island child services

✓ Fund child services properly

As Governor, my chief priority will be keeping our families safe. That starts with our children. Under Governor Raimondo, at least 28 children in the Department of Children Youth and Families (DCYF) care have died in the last two years. Governor Raimondo failed to appoint qualified leadership for more than two years, leaving the department rudderless and putting these kids’ lives at risk. Further, in the last several years, Raimondo made even more budget cuts to DCYF even after warnings from advocates that DCYF's financial shortfalls were making problems worse. Raimondo has failed at the basics of her job and the consequences of her mismanagement have been tragic. No child in our care should ever be in danger of losing their lives because of mismanagement and budget cutting.

Gun Violence
RHODE ISLAND CAN LEAD

✓ Hold gun manufacturers accountable

✓ Ban guns in schools

✓ Regulate junk guns

✓ Pass a Comprehensive Firearm Registration

✓ A Mom’s Demand Action Gun-Sense Candidate

Washington is broken. Nowhere is that more obvious than Congress’s complete failure to pass a ban on assault weapons and large capacity ammunition magazines after the unspeakable gun violence at Newtown, at Sandy Hook, at Pulse, and Parkland. If we’re going to do something about it and prevent another tragedy, the next Governor is going to have to lead. Like you, I’m tired of our surreal national gun violence routine of mass shootings, thoughts, and prayers without real solutions from gutless politicians. It's time to take on the NRA, and pass comprehensive reforms. [18]

—Matt Brown's campaign website (2018)[19]

Gina Raimondo

The following were found on Raimondo's campaign website.

Jobs and the Economy
Our economy is strong when Rhode Islanders can get good paying jobs, wages are growing, construction is booming and everyone who works hard has the opportunity to get ahead. Under Gina’s leadership, Rhode Island has gone from number 49 to number one in the nation for rising wages, there are more people working than at any time in the past 10 years, and our unemployment numbers are on par with the national average (they were some of the highest in the nation when she took office).

Small businesses are the engine of our economy. Gina is committed to supporting Rhode Island businesses — that’s why we’ve made significant investments to help small businesses and local manufacturers.

For the first time in a long time, companies are moving here and expanding here because they want to hire Rhode Islanders. A combination of job training and business incentives has ignited our comeback.

In the last two years, we have recruited or expanded 24 companies that would have gone somewhere else, but today are on track to hire more than 2,000 Rhode Islanders at an average salary of more than $70,000.

New companies means new construction and cranes in the sky. Under Gina’s leadership, Rhode Island has among the fastest annual construction job growth of any state in America.

Early Childhood Education
Excellent early childhood education puts kids on the path to lifelong success. In the three years since Gina took office, there are three times more four-year-olds from low income communities participating in Rhode Island’s public Pre-K. Rhode Island’s preschool programs are among the best in the United States, and our enrollment rates have increased by 70 percent in the past year. As governor, Gina has more than doubled the state’s investment in high-quality, public Pre-K programs.

All families deserve access to excellent childcare, so Gina has taken direct action to ease the financial burden and give peace of mind to low-income working families. Under her leadership we’ve seen the largest increase in Child Care Assistance funding in a decade, and Gina’s latest budget calls for additional investments in improving childcare quality.

K-12 Education
Our kids succeed when they go to great schools with excellent teachers and get a world-class education. No one in Rhode Island history has made a larger investment in our state’s public schools than Gina. From kindergarten through high school graduation, Rhode Island students have more opportunities to thrive than ever before.

As governor, Gina guaranteed all-day kindergarten for every child in Rhode Island. She committed to more than doubling the number of kids who read on grade level in third grade by 2025 — a key indicator for improving high school graduation rates. And since today’s kids need some understanding of coding and digital literacy to compete in the 21st century, Gina made Rhode Island the first state in America to teach computer science in every public school.

Gina is investing in every Rhode Island student so they can graduate high school and have the opportunity to go to college. Thanks to Gina, the PSAT and SAT are free in Rhode Island — and now 20 percent more high school students are taking college admission tests.

But college isn’t for everyone, and everyone deserves a good job. High school students who don’t plan to go to college should graduate with the advanced skills they need to be successful and ready to compete for today’s in-demand jobs in healthcare, construction, computer science and more. Rhode Island, under Gina’s leadership, is leading the nation in expanding career and technical education opportunities. High schoolers are graduating with additional degrees, certifications and licensures, prepared to join the workforce immediately.

Gina ended the state funding freeze on school repairs and construction. Now, she is leading the way to pass a once in a generation school funding package to fix, upgrade and build public schools throughout Rhode Island. There are priority needs in every district — students and teachers deserve schools that are warm, safe and dry.

Higher Education and Job Training
Every hardworking Rhode Islander must have access to the training and education they need to keep up and get ahead — with or without a college degree. Gina is making record investments in education and job training so that every hardworking Rhode Islander can keep up and get ahead in today’s economy.

The top reason cited for not going to college is the the cost, so Gina led the effort to make Rhode Island one of just five states that offers tuition-free access to community college. Thanks to Gina, more than 1,500 additional Rhode Islanders enrolled at the Community College of Rhode Island (CCRI) this year — a 43 percent increase.

College isn’t for everyone, but everyone deserves a good job. So Gina created new career and technical training programs in and beyond high school. Rhode Islanders at every stage of their career can get the skills, degrees, certifications and licensures they need for today’s in-demand jobs in healthcare, construction, computer science and more.

Rhode Islanders who complete training programs are matched with local employers in need of talent. Gina’s leadership is a win-win for Rhode Island employers and employees.

Healthcare
Everyone deserves access to high quality, affordable health care.

Under Gina’s leadership, 96 percent of Rhode Islanders have health insurance and our premiums on the state health exchange are the lowest in the country.

The Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, is working in Rhode Island. We have one of the highest insured rates in the U.S. When Washington tried to tear Obamacare apart, putting the lives of Rhode Islanders at risk, Gina spoke out and stopped them. Gina will not let Washington take away our health care.

Gina is committed to combating the overdose crisis in Rhode Island — it remains our most urgent health crisis. Gina was one of the first Governors to appoint a dedicated senior adviser to focus full-time on the overdose crisis and our Overdose and Prevention Action Plan has been hailed as a national model. Under Gina’s leadership there has been a decline in overdose deaths in Rhode Island — but even one death is too many, we must keep going.

Roads and Infrastructure
Rhode Islanders deserve safe and well-maintained roads and bridges. When Gina took office, Rhode Island ranked dead last in bridge condition in America — one out of four bridges in our state was crumbling. She made a commitment to fix our roads and bridges and put thousands of Rhode Islanders to work.

Under Gina’s leadership, we have already fixed more than 75 bridges and roads, in every community in Rhode Island, as part of a 10-year, $4.7 billion investment in the state’s infrastructure. The construction industry is back at work repairing and rebuilding Rhode Island.

Energy and the Environment
Climate change will have a big impact on our small state. We have to do all we can to protect Rhode Island’s precious resources.

Governor Gina Raimondo is making sure that every Rhode Island family can enjoy our bay, beaches, forests and wetlands for generations to come.

In her first term, the Governor set an ambitious goal: Make Rhode Island’s energy system ten times cleaner by 2020. With less than two years to go, we’re well on our way to meeting our goal.

Rhode Island is the only state in America with an offshore wind farm and this year Gina announced a new offshore wind project to provide enough energy to power over 200,000 Rhode Island homes and create more than 800 good jobs at every level. Green energy jobs have already increased by 66 percent under Gina’s leadership.

Our state is ranked third in the nation for energy-efficiency programs and policies under Gina. Since 2014, the number of solar companies in Rhode Island has increased from six to 48 and homeowners and businesses across our state are benefiting from incentives to install solar.

Gina has been an environmental leader in our country and region. She endorsed a more aggressive reduction in emissions through the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a strong, regional approach to combat the climate crisis. When President Trump withdrew our nation from the Paris Climate Agreement, Gina entered Rhode Island into the United States Climate Alliance and committed to uphold greenhouse gas reduction goals despite D.C.’s action. And when the Trump administration threatened to open up Rhode Island’s coastline to offshore oil exploration and drilling, Gina went directly to Washington to protect the Ocean State.

Gun Violence Prevention
School is the last place a parent should have to worry about their child’s safety. Gun violence has become far too common in the United States and Gina believes that if the federal government won’t take action to prevent gun violence and keep our kids safe, states must act. Without action, thoughts and prayers are meaningless.

In 2017, Gina was proud to champion and sign The Protect Rhode Island Families Act, which prohibits gun possession by individuals convicted of domestic violence crimes, and requires that all guns in their possession be turned in upon conviction.

Gina was the first Governor in the country to sign a Red Flag Executive Order after the school mass shooting in Parkland, Florida — ordering police to take all available legal steps to keep guns out of the hands of dangerous individuals.

She is with Rhode Islanders demanding a ban on military-style assault weapons and high-capacity magazines like those used in Parkland, Las Vegas and Sandy Hook and she is championing legislation to make schools more secure, healthier and safer.

Gina has never taken a dollar from the NRA and she never will.[18]

—Gina Raimondo's campaign website (2018)[20]


Campaign finance

The figures below show campaign finance totals through September 7, 2018.

Campaign finance reports[21]
Candidate Filing deadline Contributions Expenditures
Gina Raimondo September 8, 2018 $7,633,262 $5,198,652
Matt Brown September 8, 2018 $377,564 $410,300
Spencer Dickinson September 8, 2018 $76,733 $64,056

Satellite spending

  • Save the Children Action Network announced on August 15 that it would spend more than $300,000 on a television ad, digital ads, and mailings in support of Raimondo.[22]
  • Alliance for a Better Rhode Island reported spending over $340,000 altogether through August in support of Raimondo and in opposition to Brown. The money went to The Strategy Group, a direct mail company that serves Democratic candidates and issue groups. The Alliance reported two donors. The Democratic Governors Association gave the group $1 million in July, and Women Vote!, a super PAC affiliated with EMILY's List, gave $345,000 in August.[23]

Campaign strategies and tactics

Raimondo spends $1 million on summer ad buys

Gov. Gina Raimondo spent at least $1 million on ad time from local broadcast stations between June 4 and August 12, according to an analysis of Federal Communications Commission filings by WPRI Eyewitness News published on July 31. (The analysis did not include money spent on cable networks.)[24] Raimondo's first re-election ad was released May 31 and aired on network and cable television.[25]

A spokeswoman for Matt Brown's campaign told Eyewitness News that they were focusing on grassroots organizing and did not have plans for TV ads.[24]

Campaign advertisements

Matt Brown

Support
"Matt Brown Announces Medicare for All Plan for Rhode Islanders" released July 27, 2018
"Matt Brown on Pensions - "A Promise is a Promise" released August 3, 2018

Brown released the following ad, produced by Means of Production. The agency produced ads for Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who won New York's 14th District Democratic primary against incumbent Joe Crowley in June.[26]

"Matt Brown for Governor: I Hear You" released August 16, 2018
Opposition

Raimondo's campaign released the following ad on August 31.

"Workers" released August 31, 2018

Gina Raimondo

Support
"Rhode Island Story" released May 31, 2018
"Protecting Rhode Islanders' Healthcare" released June 13, 2018
"The Ocean State" released June 14, 2018
"Pipefitter" released July 7, 2018
"Tall Glass" released July 11, 2018
"Cliff Montiero's Story" released July 26, 2018
"Terrifying" released August 8, 2018
"Gina Raimondo is standing with Latinos" released August 8, 2018
"Gina Raimondo está con los Latinos" released August 8, 2018
"Standing Up" released August 12, 2018
"Another Glass" released August 23, 2018


Save the Children Action Network released the following ad in support of Raimondo.

"Save the Children Action Network Endorses Gina Raimondo in Rhode Island" released August 15, 2018
Opposition

Matt Brown released the following on September 4.

"The truth about Governor Raimondo's absurd attacks" released September 4, 2018

Context of the 2018 election

  • Heading into the 2018 election, the sitting governor was Gina Raimondo (D), who was first elected in 2014.
  • As of the 2018 election, Rhode Island was under a Democratic trifecta. It had held this status since 2013, when former Gov. Lincoln Chafee joined the Democratic Party. Rhode Island also had a Democratic triplex.
  • Rhode Island was won by the Democratic candidate in each of the previous five presidential elections. The widest margin of victory was Al Gore's 29 percent margin in 2000 while the narrowest was Hillary Clinton's 16 percent margin in 2016.
  • Rhode Island was one of 36 states that held an election for governor in 2018. Democrats gained seven previously Republican-held seats, and Republicans gained one previously independent-held seat. Heading into the 2018 elections, there were 16 Democratic governors, 33 Republican governors, and one independent governor. In 2018, 26 of the 33 states with a Republican governor held a gubernatorial election, while nine out of the 16 states with a Democratic governor held a gubernatorial election. Seventeen of the 36 seats up for election were open seats (four Democratic, 12 Republican, and one independent), meaning that the sitting governor was not seeking re-election. Click here for more information on other 2018 gubernatorial elections.

Past elections

2014

See also: Rhode Island gubernatorial election, 2014

In the 2014 Democratic primary, Gina Raimondo defeated Angel Taveras, Clay Pell, and Todd Giroux by a 13 percent margin.[27]

Governor of Rhode Island, Democratic Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngGina Raimondo 42.1% 53,990
Angel Taveras 29.1% 37,326
Clay Pell 26.9% 34,515
Todd Giroux 1.8% 2,264
Total Votes 128,095
Election results via Rhode Island Board of Elections.


Race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Race ratings: Rhode Island gubernatorial election, 2018
Race tracker Race ratings
November 5, 2018 October 30, 2018October 23, 2018October 16, 2018
The Cook Political Report Lean Democratic Lean DemocraticLean DemocraticLean Democratic
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales Lean Democratic Lean DemocraticLean DemocraticLean Democratic
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball Likely Democratic Likely DemocraticLean DemocraticLean Democratic
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season.

Voter information

How the primary works

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Rhode Island utilizes a semi-closed primary system. Unaffiliated voters may vote in a party's primary, but they will then be considered affiliated with that party. In order to disaffiliate, they must file a "Change of Party Designation" form.[28][29][30][31]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

Poll times

While most polls in Rhode Island open at 7 a.m. Eastern Time, certain municipalities may opt to open their polls later. In New Shoreham, for example, polls open at 9 a.m. Eastern Time. All polls statewide close at 8 p.m. Eastern Time. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[32]

Registration requirements

Check your voter registration status here.

To register to vote in Rhode Island, an applicant must be a citizen of the United States, a resident of Rhode Island, and at least 16 years old. To voter, one must be at least 18 years old by Election Day.[33] Applicants can register online, by mailing in a voter registration form, or in person at the local board of canvassers or other state agencies such as the Department of Motor Vehicles, Department of Human Services, or the Department of Mental Health.[33]

Automatic registration

See also: Automatic voter registration

Rhode Island enacted automatic voter registration in 2017.[34]

Online registration

See also: Online voter registration

Rhode Island has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.

Same-day registration

See also: Same-day voter registration
Rhode Island allows for same day voter registration for the Presidential Election only. If you miss the voter registration deadline, you can register to vote on Election Day, but you will only be able to vote for President and Vice President. You will not be able to vote in any state, local, or other federal races. You can only register and vote on Election Day at the location designated by your local board of canvassers.[33][18]

Residency requirements

To register to vote in Rhode Island, you must be a resident of the state.

Verification of citizenship

See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

Rhode Island does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration.

Verifying your registration

The Rhode Island Department of State allows residents to check their voter registration status online by visiting this website.

Voter ID requirements

Rhode Island requires voters to present photo identification (ID) while voting. Accepted forms of ID include a Rhode Island driver's license, Rhode Island voter ID card, and U.S. passport. For a list of all accepted forms of ID, see below.

The following list of accepted ID was current as of April 2023. Click here for the Rhode Island Secretary of State page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

  • RI Driver's License or Permit
  • RI Voter ID Card *
  • U.S. Passport
  • ID issued by a U.S. educational institution
  • U.S. military ID
  • ID card issued by the United States or the State of Rhode Island
  • Government issued medical card
  • Tribal ID[18]
  • *The Rhode Island Secretary of State's office is issuing free voter photo ID cards to individuals who do not possess any of the valid Photo IDs listed above. For additional information, visit Rhode Island's online Voter Information Center, call 401-222-2340, or email elections@sos.ri.gov.

Early voting

Rhode Island permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.

Early voting permits citizens to cast ballots in person at a polling place prior to an election. In states that permit no-excuse early voting, a voter does not have to provide an excuse for being unable to vote on Election Day. States that allow voters to cast no-excuse absentee ballots in person are counted as no-excuse early voting states.


Absentee voting

All Rhode Island voters are eligible to vote absentee/by mail.[35]

Absentee ballot applications must be received by your local board of canvassers by 4 p.m. 21 days prior to the election. Completed absentee ballots must then be received by your local board of canvassers by 8 p.m. on Election Day. Should circumstances arise within 20 days of an election that will prevent a voter from making it to the polls on Election Day, he or she may qualify for an emergency mail ballot. More information regarding the emergency mail ballot process can be found here.[35][36][37]


State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Rhode Island heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

  • Democrats controlled both chambers of the Rhode Island General Assembly. They had a 64-11 majority in the state House and a 33-4 majority in the state Senate.

Trifecta status

  • Rhode Island was under a Democratic state government trifecta, meaning Democrats held the governorship, a majority in the state senate, and a majority in the state house.

2018 elections

See also: Rhode Island elections, 2018

Rhode Island held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for Rhode Island
 Rhode IslandU.S.
Total population:1,055,607316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):1,0343,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:81.1%73.6%
Black/African American:6.5%12.6%
Asian:3.2%5.1%
Native American:0.5%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.8%3%
Hispanic/Latino:13.6%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:86.2%86.7%
College graduation rate:31.9%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$56,852$53,889
Persons below poverty level:17.3%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Rhode Island.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

As of July 2016, Rhode Island's three largest cities were Providence (pop. est. 180,000), Cranston (pop. est. 81,000), and Warwick (pop. est. 81,000).[38]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Rhode Island from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the Rhode Island State Board of Elections.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Rhode Island every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 54.4% Republican Party Donald Trump 38.9% 15.5%
2012 Democratic Party Barack Obama 62.7% Republican Party Mitt Romney 35.2% 27.5%
2008 Democratic Party Barack Obama 62.9% Republican Party John McCain 35.1% 27.8%
2004 Democratic Party John Kerry 59.4% Republican Party George W. Bush 38.7% 20.7%
2000 Democratic Party Al Gore 61.0% Republican Party George W. Bush 31.9% 29.1%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Rhode Island from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party John Reed 70.6% Republican Party Mark Zaccaria 29.3% 41.3%
2012 Democratic Party Sheldon Whitehouse 64.8% Republican Party Barry Hinckley 35.0% 29.8%
2008 Democratic Party John Reed 73.1% Republican Party Bob Tingle 26.5% 46.6%
2006 Democratic Party Sheldon Whitehouse 53.4% Republican Party Lincoln Chafee 46.3% 7.1%
2002 Democratic Party John Reed 78.4% Republican Party Bob Tingle 21.6% 56.8%
2000 Republican Party Lincoln Chafee 56.9% Democratic Party Robert Weygand 41.2% 15.7%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Rhode Island.

Election results (Governor), Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party Gina Raimondo 40.7% Republican Party Allan Fung 36.2% 4.5%
2010 Grey.png Lincoln Chafee 36.1% Republican Party John Robitaille 33.6% 2.5%
2006 Republican Party Don Carcieri 51.0% Democratic Party Charles Forgerty 48.9% 2.1%
2002 Republican Party Don Carcieri 54.8% Democratic Party Myrth York 45.2% 9.6%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Rhode Island in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year Republicans Republicans (%) Democrats Democrats (%) Balance of power
2016 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2014 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2012 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2010 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2008 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2006 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2004 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2002 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2000 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2

Trifectas, 1992-2017

A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

Rhode Island Party Control: 1992-2024
Fifteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R I I D D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D


Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

One of five Rhode Island counties—20 percent—is a Pivot County. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Kent County, Rhode Island 0.67% 17.74% 17.40%

In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won Rhode Island with 54.4 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 38.9 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Rhode Island cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 73.3 percent of the time. In that same time frame, Rhode Island supported Democratic candidates for president more often than Republican candidates, 66.7 to 33.3 percent. The state favored Democrats in every election between between 2000 and 2016.

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Rhode Island. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[39][40]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 73 out of 75 state House districts in Rhode Island with an average margin of victory of 33.4 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 57 out of 75 state House districts in Rhode Island with an average margin of victory of 30.4 points. Clinton won three districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won two out of 75 state House districts in Rhode Island with an average margin of victory of 5.5 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 18 out of 75 state House districts in Rhode Island with an average margin of victory of 11.1 points. Trump won 11 districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.

Recent news

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Rhode Island governor Democratic primary 2018. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

See also

Rhode Island government:

Elections:

Ballotpedia exclusives:

External links

Footnotes

  1. Gina Raimondo, "Jobs and the Economy," accessed July 23, 2018
  2. Governing, "Gina's Way: Rhode Island's governor isn't a conventional Democrat. That could help—or hurt—her in November," July 2018
  3. 3.0 3.1 Rewire, "Abortion Protections Are at the Center of Rhode Island Governor’s Primary Challenge," June 19, 2018
  4. Providence Journal, "Raimondo, Brown battle over abortion-rights, gun-control endorsements," accessed July 11, 2018
  5. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named prov
  6. Providence Journal, "Raimondo blames ‘lies’ for declining to take part in primary debate," August 29, 2018
  7. Rhode Island Campaign Finance Electronic Reporting & Tracking System (ERTS), "Filing Reporting," accessed August 26, 2018
  8. Matt Brown for Governor, "Meet Matt," accessed September 4, 2018
  9. Vote Smart, "Matthew Brown's Biography," accessed September 4, 2018
  10. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named brownissues
  11. Vote Smart, "Gina Raimondo's Biography," accessed September 4, 2018
  12. Gina Raimondo, "Meet Gina," accessed September 4, 2018
  13. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ginaissues
  14. Gina Raimondo, "Updates," accessed September 9, 2018
  15. Matt Brown for Governor, "News," accessed September 9, 2018
  16. Providence Journal, "Save the Children arm backs Raimondo in upcoming primary with ads," August 14
  17. Twitter, "Our Revolution RI on June 20, 2018," accessed July 24, 2018
  18. 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  19. Matt Brown's campaign website, “The Issues,” accessed September 4, 2018
  20. Gina Raimondo's campaign website, “Issues,” accessed September 4, 2018
  21. Rhode Island Campaign Finance Electronic Reporting & Tracking System (ERTS), "Filing Reporting," accessed September 9, 2018
  22. Save the Children Action Network, "SCAN Endorses Gov. Gina Raimondo in Rhode Island Democratic Gubernatorial Primary Race," August 15, 2018
  23. State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Campaign Finance Electronic Reporting & Tracking System (ERTS), "Report of Independent Expenditures," August 31, 2018
  24. 24.0 24.1 WPRI.com, "Raimondo's TV ad spending tops $1M in first 2 months," August 1, 2018
  25. Providence Journal, "R.I. governor to launch first TV ad of reelection campaign," May 31, 2018
  26. Providence Journal, "Matt Brown ad brands Raimondo as ‘Republican in disguise,’" August 16, 2018
  27. State of Rhode Island Board of Elections, "2014 Statewide Primary - Summary," accessed September 18, 2017
  28. National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed October 25, 2019
  29. FairVote, "Primaries," accessed October 25, 2019
  30. Ballotpedia research conducted December 26, 2013, through January 3, 2014, researching and analyzing various state websites and codes.
  31. Rhode Island Board of Elections Website, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed November 14, 2019
  32. Rhode Island Board of Elections, "General Election Polling Place Hours," accessed April 18, 2023
  33. 33.0 33.1 33.2 Rhode Island Department of State, "Register to Vote," accessed April 18, 2023
  34. Providence Journal, “Raimondo signs automatic voter registration bill into law,” August 1, 2017
  35. 35.0 35.1 Rhode Island Department of State, "Vote from Home with a Mail Ballot," accessed April 18, 2023
  36. Rhode Island Department of State, "Apply for a Mail Ballot," accessed April 18, 2023
  37. Rhode Island Department of State, "Vote by Emergency Mail Ballot," accessed April 18, 2023
  38. Rhode Island Demographics, "Rhode Island Cities by Population," accessed September 8, 2018
  39. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  40. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017