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Abuse, dependence and withdrawal associated with fentanyl and the role of its (designated) route of administration: an analysis of spontaneous reports from Europe
PurposeFentanyl, a highly potent synthetic opioid used in cancer and non-cancer pain, is approved for various routes of administration. In Europe,...
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Effects of Current Psychotropic Drugs on Inflammation and Immune System
The immune system and inflammation are involved in the pathological progression of various psychiatric disorders such as depression or major...
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Nicotine Pharmacology, Abuse, and Addiction
Despite increased public awareness of the substantial health risks, tobacco use remains one of the greatest public health concerns around the world....
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Side Effects of Central Analgesic Drugs
Strong opioid analgesics, such as morphine, are the most widely used, centrally acting class of analgesics that are available in the clinic for the...
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Saliva and Drugs of Abuse
The drug overdose epidemic resulted in approximately 630,000 deaths from 1999 to 2016 according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention...
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Environmental Enrichment and the Effects on Drug Abuse Vulnerability: The Last Ten Years
Environmental enrichment in rats during development has been shown to reliably alter the sensitivity to various drugs of abuse. The current chapter...
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Unique Pharmacology, Brain Dysfunction, and Therapeutic Advancements for Fentanyl Misuse and Abuse
Fentanyl is a fully synthetic opioid with analgesic and anesthetic properties. It has become a primary driver of the deadliest opioid crisis in the...
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Current analytical trends of abuse of tramadol and its forensic significance
IntroductionThe utilization and misuse of prescription and controlled medications are expanding globally. However, the kind of substance abused may...
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The Role of 5-HT2B Receptor on Aggression and Drugs of Abuse
Monoamines, particularly serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), have been extensively studied in the context of aggression. 5-HT is known to play a...
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Intracranial Self-Stimulation: Using the Curve-Shift Paradigm to Assess the Abuse Potential of Drugs
Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is an operant conditioning procedure used to quantify the brain reward function. Thus, this procedure allows us...
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Overdose and Alcohol Sensitive Immediate Release System (OASIS) for Deterring Accidental Overdose or Abuse of Drugs
Death from an accidental or intentional overdose of sleeping tablets has increased exponentially in the USA. Furthermore, the simultaneous...
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Cannabinoids Pharmacology, Abuse, and Addiction
Cannabis has a long history of therapeutic use and misuse. Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was identified as the principle psychoactive component of...
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Effect of Manufacturing Process on the Retention of Abuse-Deterrent Properties of PEO-Matrix Tablets
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a widely used polymer in the development of abuse-deterrent oral formulations. Different manufacturing processes...
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Reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference in a transgenerational model of drug abuse vulnerability in psychosis: Impact of BDNF on the saliency of drug associations
RationalePsychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are often accompanied by high rates of cigarette smoking, reduced quit success, and high relapse...
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Conditioned Place Preference Test for Assessing the Rewarding Effects of Drugs of Abuse
The conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure is used for assessing the rewarding effects of drugs. This is demonstrated when a novel environment...
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Investigation of the intrinsic cannabinoid activity of hemp-derived and semisynthetic cannabinoids with β-arrestin2 recruitment assays—and how this matters for the harm potential of seized drugs
Cultivation of industrial low-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) hemp has created an oversupply of cannabidiol (CBD)-rich products. The fact that...
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Implementing Nanovesicles for Boosting the Skin Permeation of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
The consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have increased lately around the world, as they are considered essential and...
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New Drugs to Treat ADHD: Opportunities and Challenges in Research and Development
Since the landmark MTA (Multimodal Treatment of ADHD) trial unequivocally demonstrated the efficacy of methylphenidate, catecholaminergic drugs,...
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Stimulant Drugs: Psychostimulants and Addiction
Psychomotor stimulants belong to two major classes: direct and indirect sympathomimetics (such as cocaine and amphetamine) and nonsympathomimetics....
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Therapeutic and Toxic Concentrations of Drugs in Biological Matrices
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) describes the measurement of chemical parameters of drugs during clinical laboratory testing. TDM aids estimation...
