Understanding the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and how can we reach it, both globally and also in India. The presentation also includes HLEG report , which is the proposed architecture for India's guide to reach UHC.
Universal health coverage was established in the WHO constitution of 1948 declaring health a fundamental human right.The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them.
- Male 1
- Female 1
Nurse 1
Lab Technician 1
ANM 2
Health Worker (F) 2
Health Assistant (M) 1
Total 11 14
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 37
Urban Health Services
- Urban Health Centers
- Dispensaries
- Maternity Homes
- Special Clinics
- Mobile Units
- School Health
- Environmental Sanitation
- Health Education
- Slum Health Programs
- Referral Services
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 38
Health sector reforms aim to improve the efficiency, equity and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Key reforms implemented in India include decentralization through expansion of comprehensive primary healthcare centers, increasing healthcare financing and expenditures, expanding health insurance coverage, reorganizing the existing health system, improving health infrastructure and human resources, implementing digital health initiatives, and encouraging public-private partnerships. Challenges remain in strengthening implementation and ensuring equitable access across states, but ongoing reforms indicate progress toward more accessible and comprehensive healthcare nationwide.
This document provides an overview of health status, health problems, and healthcare delivery in India in 3 paragraphs:
The first paragraph summarizes India's overall health status, including high private healthcare expenditures mostly out-of-pocket, lower public expenditures per capita, and leading health issues like communicable diseases, nutritional problems, and environmental sanitation issues.
The second paragraph outlines India's major public healthcare system, which operates primary care centers and hospitals at state and central levels but has unequal access between rural and urban areas. It also describes limited public health insurance programs.
The third paragraph discusses the large private healthcare sector concentrated in urban areas, as well as indigenous medicine systems and voluntary organizations that provide additional healthcare access across
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
This document provides an overview of universal health coverage. It defines universal health coverage as access for all to quality health services without financial hardship. The document discusses why moving toward universal health coverage is important for health, economic, and political benefits. It also examines how countries can accelerate progress through health financing reforms and by raising sufficient funds, pooling resources, and purchasing health services. Key challenges around measuring and achieving equity in universal health coverage are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of budgeting in health care systems and health care financing. It defines budgeting as a statement of future plans in quantitative and monetary terms for a specific period, usually one year. It discusses the types of budgets, approaches to budgeting such as incremental, performance-based and zero-based budgeting. The document also outlines the budgeting procedure in India and highlights challenges to health care budgeting. Finally, it defines health care financing, discusses its principles and models, and trends in financing health care in India.
This document provides an overview of conceptual frameworks for understanding health systems. It defines a health system as all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. It discusses several frameworks developed by the WHO and others to conceptualize the different components, actors and relationships within health systems. It acknowledges that health systems are complex and dynamic, with unpredictable paths of implementation for interventions. The document emphasizes that health systems should be viewed holistically as interconnected systems centered around people.
The World Health Organization was founded on the principle of universal health coverage and achieving the highest level of health for all people. World Health Day on April 7th aims to inspire and guide countries toward achieving universal health coverage through a series of events in 2018. Currently half the world's population lacks access to needed health services, and countries need to extend coverage to one billion more people by 2023 to meet global targets. World Health Day will highlight the need for universal coverage and benefits it provides.
This document discusses universal health coverage (UHC), which aims to provide access to good quality health services for all members of a society while protecting people from financial hardship due to health costs. UHC can be defined by who and what services are covered and how much of the cost is covered. The WHO defines UHC as access to effective health services without financial hardship. Achieving UHC requires an efficient health system providing services, workers, and medicines to the population as well as a financing system to protect people from health costs. Various funding models like compulsory insurance, tax-based financing, and social health insurance can be used. Egypt has both public and private healthcare sectors working towards UHC.
The document discusses health sector reforms in India. It provides context on the need for reforms due to fiscal constraints and poor social indicators. Key reforms introduced include decentralization, increasing human resources, financial reforms, reorganizing the existing health system, improving health management information systems, increasing community involvement, and ensuring quality. National initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission aim to promote equity, efficiency, quality and accountability in primary healthcare. The overall goal of health sector reforms is to improve access to healthcare and ultimately population health outcomes.
The document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in healthcare. It defines PPPs as collaborative efforts between public and private sectors to deliver healthcare services, with clearly defined partnership structures, shared objectives, and performance indicators. PPPs involve some level of risk and reward sharing between the government and private partners. Several models of PPPs are described, including contracting, franchising, and joint ventures. The benefits of PPPs for both the public and private sectors are outlined. Key factors for successful PPPs include clarity of purpose, value creation, commitment between partners, and continuous communication.
This document discusses several key concepts related to health policy:
1. It identifies prerequisites for health such as peace, shelter, education, food, income, and environmental sustainability.
2. It outlines five areas for building healthy public policy: building healthy environments, strengthening communities, developing personal skills, reorienting healthcare services, and advocating for these changes.
3. It discusses prevention strategies starting from changing social and environmental risk factors and continuing support for at-risk groups. Prevention strategies are amenable to policy changes.
The purpose of this presentation is to equip audiences with the ability to:
Define universal health coverage (UHC) and understand the basic tenets of UHC
Identify how UHC fits in USAID’s health and poverty reduction strategies
Effectively communicate to country stakeholders how USAID can support a country’s progress towards UHC
Identify relevant UHC resources within the Office of Health Systems and USAID
The presentation is part of the “UHC Toolkit” and accompanies Universal Health Coverage: An Annotated Bibliography, and Universal Health Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions.
Universal health coverage as a concept was born in 1883 when Germany introduced health coverage for achieving health status of its young population.India, is still attempting to find a way for providing appropriate, affordable and accessible health care to its population.
The current five year plan in Nepal's health services aims to increase rural access to basic primary health services and doctors. It focuses on effective implementation of population control through mother and child health and family planning services. The plan also seeks to develop specialized health services within the country. Key targets include establishing more health posts, primary health care centers, and Ayurvedic dispensaries. It also aims to reduce the total fertility rate and cases of leprosy.
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN HEALTH SECTORfarhad240669
This document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector in Bangladesh. It defines PPPs as contractual agreements between public agencies and private sectors to deliver public services by sharing risks and rewards. The document outlines the goals, objectives, concepts, and principles of PPPs. It discusses global PPP contexts and scenarios in Bangladesh. It examines PPP approaches, targeted outcomes and benefits, challenges, risks, and opportunities of PPPs in the health sector. The key points are accelerating investments, improved quality, timely delivery, reduced costs, and innovative solutions through PPPs in health infrastructure and services.
The National Nutrition Policy of Nepal from 2004 aims to improve nutrition nationwide by reducing malnutrition rates. The key objectives are reducing protein-energy malnutrition, anemia, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and intestinal worm infestation among children and women. The policy outlines strategies like community participation, advocacy, research, and multi-sector coordination to achieve its overall goal of ensuring nutritional well-being for all Nepalis. While programs have scaled up infant and young child feeding, coverage of interventions remains low and nutrition surveys need to be conducted more routinely. Strengthening food security and fully implementing breastfeeding recommendations could help address remaining weaknesses in Nepal's efforts to improve public health through nutrition.
This document discusses universal health coverage and provides information on key facts, definitions, objectives, and challenges. It summarizes the evolution of universal health coverage in India through various committee reports and schemes. Key recommendations from the High Level Expert Group report on achieving universal health coverage in India include establishing a national health package, developing health service norms, increasing human resources for health, strengthening community participation, and improving access to medicines and technology. Monitoring progress and overcoming challenges such as inadequate services, varying quality, and affordability issues are important to achieve universal health coverage.
This document discusses health for all as a goal and outlines steps needed for universal health coverage in India by 2022. It recommends increasing public health expenditure to at least 3% of GDP, developing a national health package with essential services, strengthening human resources for health, and ensuring access to affordable medicines for all through price controls and expanding the essential drugs list. The goal is to make affordable, quality health services accessible to all Indians.
This document discusses healthcare in India and proposes ways to make it more affordable and accessible. It notes that healthcare costs are rising and most people rely on private healthcare, while public healthcare is underfunded and understaffed. It analyzes issues like disease burdens, the growth of private sector, health insurance schemes, use of generics, and medical tourism. It recommends increasing public spending on healthcare to at least 5% of GDP, improving infrastructure, enhancing the health workforce, and promoting primary healthcare to achieve universal coverage in an equitable manner.
The slides are a point of statement on the feasibility of Universal health coverage. It talks about what is UHC and can it be sustained by India over time
The document provides information on healthcare delivery in China. It begins with definitions of healthcare delivery systems and their components. It then provides demographic profiles of China and India, comparing various metrics like population size, density, health outcomes, expenditures, and common health problems. The profile sections of China and India are quite extensive. It also provides historical background on China's healthcare system, from the pre-revolutionary era to the establishment of the basic health insurance system in recent decades. It describes the key reforms to China's healthcare system over time that aimed to decentralize control and increase coverage. It outlines China's current universal healthcare system, which utilizes a mix of public health programs, primary care facilities, hospitals, and basic medical insurance schemes to cover
This document provides an overview of the health care delivery system in India. It describes the organizational structure at the central, state, district, block, primary health center, and village levels. The key shortcomings are discussed as inverse care, impoverishing care, fragmented care, unsafe care, and misdirected care. Reforms proposed by the WHO are also outlined, including universal coverage, service delivery, public policy, and leadership reforms. The objectives and importance of establishing Indian Public Health Standards are also presented. In conclusion, it acknowledges advances but notes the system remains ineffective and discusses needed reforms and decentralization to improve healthcare quality and delivery.
Roadmap for Universal Health Care. FDR, PHFI, and Loksatta are convening a Roundtable of experts, thinkers and practitioners to have a purposive dialogue and help evolve a viable, effective model of universal healthcare delivery in India
India aims to provide universal health coverage to its citizens by 2017, but currently relies heavily on private healthcare due to inadequate public services. Most households pay out-of-pocket for medical care, resulting in over 60% of total health expenditures and increased financial hardship. While various government schemes cover portions of the population, only 17% are insured overall. To achieve universal coverage, India must increase public financing to at least 2.5% of GDP, expand infrastructure and the health workforce, and ensure effective implementation and monitoring of health programs across all areas.
This document discusses universal health coverage (UHC) and India's progress toward achieving it. It provides background on UHC, including definitions, objectives, and the global momentum behind it. It then examines India's current scenario, including existing schemes to promote UHC. Key recommendations from the High Level Expert Group on UHC include increasing public health spending, developing a national health package, and strengthening human resources and community participation. Achieving UHC would lead to benefits like greater equity, efficiency, and improved health outcomes. The document outlines the new architecture needed to achieve UHC through reforms in six critical areas.
This document provides an overview of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) including:
- Definitions and concepts of UHC.
- A brief history of major UHC initiatives and policies around the world since the late 19th century.
- Monitoring and evaluation of UHC through indices like the UHC Service Coverage Index.
- India's initiatives toward UHC like the Ayushman Bharat program and various national health insurance schemes.
- Key principles and focus areas outlined in India's 2011 High Level Expert Group report on UHC.
This document outlines several national health policies and objectives in India, including the National Health Policy, National Policy on AYUSH, and National Population Policy. It provides definitions of policy and health policy. The objectives of the policies are to improve health status and outcomes, increase access to primary healthcare services, and strengthen the health system. Some specific goals mentioned are reducing mortality rates, increasing utilization of public health facilities, expanding health infrastructure and the community health workforce.
The health system in Bangladesh is pluralistic and aims to ensure healthy lives for all citizens as outlined in its constitution and international agreements. It consists of community clinics, rural health centers, upazila health complexes, and district and specialized hospitals. However, the health workforce is unevenly distributed between urban and rural areas. National health programs target communicable diseases, family planning and maternal and child health. The government finances 26% of health spending while out-of-pocket payments account for 63.3%. Bangladesh aims to expand coverage through its health sector reform programs.
INFLUCENCE OF POLITICS ON HEALTH POLICIES OF INDIA 20-9.pptxsangeetachatterjee10
The document discusses the influence of politics on health policies in India. It outlines several domains of government's role in health development, including leadership and governance, health service delivery, health care financing, and human resource development. It also discusses India's public and private healthcare systems, noting positives like growing facilities but also challenges like uneven quality and rural-urban disparities. It concludes by recommending that governments prioritize health spending and strengthen core public health functions to improve health outcomes and access across India.
The document outlines India's national health policy. It notes that while India has made progress on health outcomes, gaps remain between states and communities. It analyzes India's disease burden, health system challenges, and the growth of private healthcare. The policy aims to improve health systems, promote universal access to quality care without financial hardship, and leverage partnerships across sectors to achieve health equity and inclusion. It establishes principles of equity, universality, patient-centered care, inclusive partnerships, pluralism, and subsidiarity to guide the health system transition.
“Sarvé bhavantu sukhinaḥ, sarvé santu nirāmayāḥ, Sarvé bhadrāṇi pashyantu, mā kashchid_duḥkha-bhāg-bhavét”. The meaning of this Sanskrit Sloka is “All should/must be happy, be healthy, see good; may no one have sorrow. Mahatma Gandhi also says, “It is health which is real wealth, and not pieces of gold and silver”. Without robust health nobody can do anything. WHO emphasized on “Health for all” in this 21st Century in Geneva Conference in 1998. Government of India also committed to the goal of ‘Health for All’. WHO defined “health” as "State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". There are strong linkages between population, health and development. India’s health challenges are not only huge in magnitude due to its large population but they are complex due to its diversity and the chronic poverty and inequality. There are extreme inter-state variations, caused by not only the cultural diversity but because -the states are at different stages of demographic transition, epidemiological transition and socio economic development. Along with the old problems like persistence of communicable diseases and high maternal mortality in some parts, there is an urgent need to address the emerging issues like the threat of non-communicable diseases, HIV (AIDS) and health problems of the growing aged population. Accelerating demographic transition is not only necessary for the population stabilization but it is closely related to health goals. Despite substantial improvements in some health indicators in the past decade, India contributes disproportionately to the global burden of disease, with health indicators that compare unfavorably with other middle-income countries and India's regional neighbours. Large health disparities between states, between rural and urban populations, and across social classes persist. A large proportion of the population is impoverished because of high out-of-pocket health-care expenditures and suffers the adverse consequences of poor quality of health care. The obligation of the Government of India is to ensure the highest possible health status to its population and access to quality health care has been recognized by a number of its key policy documents. This paper attempts to study the over view of health care in India.
Key words: Health Care, National Health Policy, Access, Affordability, Equity, Urban Vs Rural-------------
Health care reform in India is handled by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, which consists of three departments: Health, Family Welfare, and AYUSH. The goal of health care reform is to make health care more accessible and available to all citizens by providing universal health coverage, decreasing costs, and improving access and quality. However, India faces challenges in reforming its health care system due to issues like a lack of infrastructure and medical professionals in rural areas, as well as underfunding and malnutrition among parts of the population. Overall reforms are needed to make the health care system more inclusive, preventive-focused, and sustainable over the long term.
This document provides an overview of health economics. It begins by defining health economics as the study of how scarce resources are allocated for healthcare and the promotion of health. It discusses concepts in health economics like resources, scarcity, buyers, and sellers. It also covers microeconomics which looks at individual interactions, and macroeconomics which takes a broader view. The document then addresses topics like health financing through public and private support, economic indicators like GNP and GDP, and issues around health costs and access in India.
This document provides an overview of health care in India, including:
1. It discusses the levels of health care in India from primary to tertiary and the services provided at each level. Primary care aims to provide essential health care close to communities.
2. It outlines changing concepts of health care over time from comprehensive to basic to primary health care, with a focus on community participation and equitable access.
3. It describes goals and principles of primary health care in India, including the goal of "Health for All" and providing basic health services that are accessible to all.
THIS PPT IS ABOUT THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN CHINA MOSTLY STUDIED IN ECONOMICS.
THIS ALSO SHOWS YOU ABOUT THE INSURANCE POLICY AND GDP RATE AND MANY MORE
This document presents India's proposed National Health Policy for 2017. It begins with an introduction noting India's large economy and healthcare interventions but lack of effective health system delivery. The aim and principles focus on universal access to quality healthcare. A situation analysis identifies challenges around disease burdens, social determinants, inequities, and quality of care. Goals and policy directions prioritize investment in preventive healthcare, strengthening primary care, ensuring access to services, and integrating national health programs. The document provides a comprehensive overview of India's healthcare system and proposed policies to address gaps.
Ageing is an important physiological phenomenon faced by all living individuals that is multifactorial and complex. The causation is still a matter of controversy. There is a lack of consensus regarding the appropriate age of ageing, though most of the countries uses chronological ages.
This presentation is regarding active ageing that builds up framework that will help the elderly mass to live a disease free active life with active participation and security in life.
This presentation also describes the different challenges faced by the elderly population for active ageing.
Government of India has been working for the aged population and there has been a number of policies and programmes that are solely dedicated to the elderly masses that has been also described here.
The presentation begins with a brief history of how cancer epidemiology evolved, and what is the status at present. After describing the burden of the disease of cancer globally and in India, the presentation includes a brief description of Cancer causes and prevention including screening activities. It also talks about the national Cancer Registry Program, NPCDCS and NCCP.
This presentation gives a basic introduction to the field of health economics and includes important concepts like that of efficiency, equity, opportunity costs, demand and supply and also includes financial evaluation
Health in Indian Federal system consists of how the different health related responsibilities are being divided among centre, state and concurrent list for better administration and health care delivery in India.
This presentation is the continuation of the first part, which was all about the basics of program evaluation. This ppt contains slides describing the impact evaluation in details and also the logical framework is also explained with practical examples.
N.B: Please go through it, using slide view to use the animation effects.
This presentation has a vivid description of the basics of doing a program evaluation, with detailed explanation of the " Log Frame work " ( LFA) with practical example from the CLICS project. This presentation also includes the CDC framework for evaluation of program.
N.B: Kindly open the ppt in slide share mode to fully use all the animations wheresoever made.
This is a small and mostly pictorial presentation which describes the role of community mobilisation in fighting Ebola. The small success stories has been taken from the World Health Organisation site, to have a better understanding of the power of community mobilisation in fighting any disease state, specially in countries of Africa .
Natural History of Disease & Levels of preventionsourav goswami
I have tried to explain the National History of Disease taking the example of a disease condition. Similarly, the different prevention levels are also explained in a similar manner. The presentation also includes few newer concepts of screening like lead time and length time bias.
N.B: Please download to see all the animations.
Prevalence of depression and its correlates among elderly population in a ru...sourav goswami
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and assess its correlates among elderly people in a rural area of Maharashtra, India. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 290 elderly individuals aged 60 years and older using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The study found the prevalence of mild depression was 26.72% and severe depression was 15.17%. Significant correlates of depression included being female, widowed/separated/divorced, having a chronic illness, less decision-making ability, and experiencing abuse/neglect. The study highlights depression as an important but neglected health issue among elderly populations in rural India.
Burden of disease analysis provides a fuller assessment of population health beyond just mortality rates. It considers the impact of morbidity and estimates the effects of years lived with illness or disability. Common measures used in burden of disease analysis include disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which combine mortality and morbidity into a single metric. Calculating DALYs and QALYs involves defining health states, assigning weights to different states, and combining estimates of life expectancy and duration of illness. Burden of disease analysis is useful for comparing population health over time and between regions, identifying major health problems, and informing health policy and resource allocation decisions.
This presentation talks about the context of developing the Electronic Health records for India. the guidelines as mentioned in the GOI site is described vividly with examples, for better understanding.
N.B: Please download the ppt first, for the animations to work better.
This document summarizes a presentation on health financing strategies for achieving universal health coverage given by Sourav Goswami and moderated by Dr. Subodh Gupta at MGIMS, Sevagram on June 8th, 2017. The presentation discusses key aspects of health financing policy including universal health coverage goals of access, quality, and financial protection. It covers topics such as revenue raising, risk pooling, purchasing of health services, benefit package design, and principles of rationing health resources. Examples from countries like Moldova and Chile are provided. The current scenario of health financing in India is also summarized, highlighting high levels of out-of-pocket spending and a need to increase public financing to achieve equitable access to
This presentation is all about the epidemiology of stillbirths, in India. It talks about the different challenges in controlling the stillbirths and the strategies of controlling it. The INAP guideline of Government of India, which is a stepping stone for controlling stillbirths in India, is also discussed here.
Epidemiology of Childhood Malnutrition in India and strategies of controlsourav goswami
This presentation includes the epidemiology of childhood malnutrition in India. the problems and challenges that are being faced in the improvement of the condition and the different strategies for its control.
Maximize efficiency and accuracy in medical billing with our comprehensive solutions tailored to your practice's needs. Our expert team ensures timely reimbursements and minimized denials, so you can focus on providing quality patient care. visit: www.velanhcs..com
Asana and Bio-Mechanism Course
course, you will receive a certificate of completion of the Asana and Bio-mechanism Teacher Training Course, which you can count towards your continuing education. Our yoga teacher training courses are accredited by Yoga Alliance USA.
Asana and Bio-mechanism Teacher Training Course
The Yoga Biomechanics course aims to deepen students’ understanding of yoga by studying the biomechanics of yoga poses, learning how to apply anatomical guidelines to position correct positions, studying effective teaching techniques in a variety of situations, and exploring the history and philosophy of yoga.
What is Biomechanism?
Biomechanics is the use of mechanical methods to study the mechanical structure, function and movement of biological systems at any level from the entire organism to organs, cells and organelles.
NATURAL, COLORFUL, YUMMY COSMETICS BRAND FOR YOUR BEAUTYzcodebro
Organic Mimi is a real treat for skin and hair care. A healthy and pleasant pampering experience when you want to indulge yourself with organic natural ingredients for skin beauty and delicious fragrances for cheerful mi-mi mood. Our products are "no-fuss": pure formulations and simple application ensure your skin's basic needs for hydration, nourishment and protection are covered. Fun packaging, reminiscent of ice-cream cups, and mimi-aromatherapy turn your everyday skincare routine into a genuine beauty ritual causing beauty addiction
Innovations in Hair Loss Treatment: The Role of R3 Stem CellR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cell is revolutionizing hair loss treatment with cutting-edge regenerative medicine. By harnessing the power of stem cells, R3 Stem Cell offers a novel approach to hair restoration that rejuvenates and regenerates hair follicles. This minimally invasive treatment involves extracting a patient’s own stem cells, processing them, and injecting them into the scalp to stimulate natural hair growth and improve scalp health. Patients experience significant improvements in hair density and thickness, making R3 Stem Cell a leader in effective and natural hair loss solutions.
BURNS, CALCULATION OF BURNS, CALCULATION OF FLUID REQUIREMENT AND MANAGEMENT.pdfDolisha Warbi
Nursing assessment of burns, Rule of nine,calculation of fluid by Parkland formula, Brooke formula and Evan's formula, Definition of Burns, causes of burns, classification of burns, pathophysiology of burns, clinical manifestation, Diagnostic evaluation, medical management, surgical management, nursing diagnosis, nursing management, phase of burn care, first aid, complication of burns.
In the healthcare field, precise and comprehensive documentation is essential for delivering high-quality patient care. One of the most critical components of clinical documentation is the SOAP note. At GPAShark.com, we specialize in providing expert SOAP note writing services, tailored to meet the needs of nursing students, healthcare professionals, and medical practitioners. Our goal is to help you master the art of SOAP note writing, ensuring your documentation is thorough, accurate, and effective.
Understanding SOAP Notes
SOAP stands for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan. This structured method of documentation is used widely in healthcare settings to ensure consistent and clear communication among healthcare providers. Each component of a SOAP note serves a specific purpose:
Subjective (S):
This section captures the patient's narrative, including their chief complaint, history of present illness (HPI), past medical history (PMH), family history (FH), social history (SH), and review of systems (ROS). It reflects the patient's perspective and is crucial for understanding their condition and concerns.
Objective (O):
The objective section includes measurable and observable data collected during the physical examination and diagnostic tests. This might involve vital signs, laboratory results, imaging studies, and physical exam findings. Objectivity is key to providing a factual basis for the assessment.
Assessment (A):
In the assessment section, the healthcare provider synthesizes the subjective and objective data to formulate a diagnosis or differential diagnoses. This analysis helps in understanding the patient's condition and guiding the treatment plan.
Plan (P):
The plan outlines the course of action, including treatment strategies, medications, diagnostic tests, patient education, and follow-up appointments. It provides a roadmap for managing the patient's condition and achieving desired health outcomes.
Why Choose GPAShark.com for SOAP Note Writing?
At GPAShark.com, we recognize the challenges that healthcare students and professionals face in creating detailed and accurate SOAP notes. Our services are designed to support you in various ways:
Expert Writers:
Our team consists of professional writers with advanced nursing degrees (MSN, DNP) and extensive clinical experience. They have a deep understanding of medical terminology, clinical practices, and documentation standards.
Customized Assistance:
We provide personalized support tailored to your specific needs and academic requirements. Whether you need help with a single SOAP note or an entire series, we ensure that each document is crafted with precision and care.
Quality Assurance:
Quality is our top priority. Each SOAP note is thoroughly reviewed and edited to ensure accuracy, clarity, and compliance with healthcare documentation standards. We guarantee high-quality, plagiarism-free work that meets your expectations.
Benefits:
The joined thumbs accentuate
all the manifestations of the fire
element within your body and mind,
and accelerate their effects, improving
eyesight and digestion, among other
things.
At the same time, the pressure applied to the backs of the fingers serves to decrease the effects of the air and space elements.
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th Canadian Edition 2024 Verified Chapters 1 - 31.pdf
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th Canadian Edition 2024 Verified Chapters 1 - 31.pdf
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th Canadian Edition 2024 Verified Chapters 1 - 31.pdf
Dawn of new Era: Digital Human, Agentic AI, and Auto sapiensJAI NAHAR, MD MBA
This interactive talk focuses on Intelligent Digital
agents, Digital human, and Embodied agents, which
are important emerging applications of Generative AI
in 2024 and beyond.
Week 8 Case of Tiana-DIAGNOSIS OF FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS CASE STUDY.pdfReliable Assignments Help
Struggling with your assignment on the diagnosis of feeding and eating disorders? Look no further! At Reliableassignmentshelp.com, we provide comprehensive support to help you navigate and complete your assignment with ease. Feeding and eating disorders are complex and require a nuanced understanding, and our expert assistance ensures you grasp these complexities effectively.
Why Choose Us?
1. Expert Writers:
Our team is composed of experienced professionals in the fields of psychology, mental health, and medical sciences. They bring a wealth of knowledge and practical insights, ensuring your assignment is handled with the highest level of expertise. Our writers stay updated with the latest research and developments in diagnosing feeding and eating disorders.
2. Comprehensive Support:
We cover a broad spectrum of feeding and eating disorders, including but not limited to:
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)
Pica and Rumination Disorder
Our assistance extends to understanding the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5, recognizing the symptoms, and exploring various treatment modalities.
3. Tailored Solutions:
Each assignment we handle is customized to meet your specific requirements and academic standards. We ensure that the content is relevant, accurate, and aligned with your educational goals. Whether you need help with an essay, research paper, case study, or any other assignment type, we provide solutions that are tailored to your needs.
4. Plagiarism-Free Content:
Academic integrity is paramount. We guarantee 100% original work, with proper citations and references. Our content is thoroughly checked for plagiarism to ensure authenticity and originality. You can be confident that your assignment will stand up to scrutiny.
5. Timely Delivery:
We understand the importance of deadlines. Our efficient process ensures that your assignment is completed and delivered on time, without compromising on quality. We offer flexible timelines to accommodate urgent requests as well.
Our Services Include:
1. Detailed Analysis:
We provide an in-depth exploration of various feeding and eating disorders. This includes a comprehensive review of the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment options for each disorder. Our detailed analysis helps you understand the nuances and complexities involved in diagnosing these disorders.
2. Case Studies:
We incorporate real-life examples and case studies to illustrate the variations and intricacies in diagnosing feeding and eating disorders. These case studies enhance your understanding by providing practical, real-world applications of theoretical knowledge.
3. Research Assistance:
Our experts assist you in finding and analyzing relevant academic sources. We help you identify credible research articles, books, and journals that support your assignment.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic approach that helps individuals find the motivation to make positive behavioral changes. By fostering a collaborative, empathetic, and non-judgmental dialogue, MI empowers clients to explore their ambivalence about change and strengthen their commitment to personal goals. This method is effective in various settings, including addiction treatment, health behavior change, and mental health.
CYLIC MEDITATION - STRESS MANAGEMENT CORPORATE YOGA
Step-I: Starting Prayer
• Lie on your back. Relax and collapse the whole body on the ground legs apart, hands apart, palms facing the roof, smiling face, let go all parts of the body. As you repeat the prayer feel the resonance throughout the body.
Prayer
Laye sombhodayeth chittam
vikshiptham shamayeth punaha
sakaashaayam vijaneeyat
Samapraptam na chalayet
Om shaanti shaanti shaantihi
Meaning: In the state of oblivion awaken the mind, when agitated pacify it, in between the mind is full of desires. If the mind has reached the state of perfect equilibrium, then do not disturb it again.
Step-II(A): Immediate Relaxation
• Bring your legs together, join the heels, toes together, palms by the side of the thighs. Keep your face smiling till the end. Gently bring your awareness to the tip of the toes. Stretch the toes, tighten the ankle joints, tighten the calf muscles. Pull up the kneecaps. Tighten the thigh muscles. Compress and squeeze the buttocks. Exhale and suck in the abdomen. Make the fists of the palms and tighten the arms. Inhale and expand the chest.
Module 7- Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, Working in the Comm...Reliable Assignments Help
Module 7: Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, Working in the Community Assignment Help
Are you feeling overwhelmed by your Module 7: Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, and Working in the Community assignments? Look no further! At GPAShark.com, we offer expert assistance to help you excel in your coursework and achieve your academic goals.
Our Services Include:
Detailed Assignment Help: From defining ethical client-centered care to understanding the principles of professionalism and communication, we provide detailed assistance for all aspects of your assignments.
Report and Documentation Guidance: Learn how to effectively document and report client care, adhering to privacy legislation and confidentiality principles.
Rehabilitation and Restorative Care Planning: Get expert help in developing rehabilitation plans for various health conditions, understanding different rehabilitation settings, and working with rehabilitation teams.
Community Care Strategies: Master the nuances of working in the community, providing home care services, and contributing to client care planning through effective communication.
How to Get Started
Getting started with GPAShark.com is easy. Simply visit our website and fill out a request form with your assignment details. Our team will promptly get in touch with you to discuss your needs and how we can assist you. Let us take the stress out of your Module 7 assignments so you can focus on what matters most – your education and career growth.
Don’t let the complexities of care planning, restorative care, and community work overwhelm you. Reach out to GPAShark.com today and experience the difference expert assignment help can make!
Management of materials and finance hospital pharmacysibirajpharmdoff
Definition:
It is concerned with the planning, organizing & controlling the flow of materials from their initial purchase through internal operations to the service point through distribution
Aims of material management:
The right quality
Right quality of supplies
At the right time
At the right place
For the right cost
2. Framework
Magnitude of problem (Key facts)
What is UHC?
Why UHC?
Dimension and principles of UHC
HLEG report: proposed architecture
Challenges
Examples
3. Key facts- global picture
• 400 million people globally lack access to one
or more essential health services.
• Every year 100 million are pushed into poverty
and 150 million people suffer financial
catastrophe because of out-of-pocket
expenditure on health services.
• 32% of total health expenditure worldwide
comes from out-of-pocket payments. - WHO
4. Key facts
B. Indian picture
• Highest number of malnourished children in the world
• MMR – 212 /100,000 live births
• IMR ---- 39/1000 live births
• Health expenditure is largely out – of – pocket ( 67%)
‘India’s public financing for health care is less than
1 per cent of the world’s total health expenditure,
although it is home to over 16 per cent of the world’s
population’ World Bank
• Public expenditure on Health – 1.2 % 4
• Only about 17% of the population is covered
by some form of health insurance 5
5. • Health situation is not uniform across India
• 12 year difference in life expectancy between MP
( 61.9 years) and Kerala ( 74 years) 6
• MMR in Kerela is 81, but in Assam it is 390 per
100,000 live births 6,7
• Considerable gaps between rural and urban areas with
respect to disease morbidity and mortality
Under nutrition is a dominant problem in the rural
areas while overweight and obesity accounts for half
the burden of malnutrition in urban areas8
• Urban areas have 4 times more health workers per
10,000 population than rural areas 9
Keyfacts_ India contd…
6. Per year 35% among poor households incurred
catastrophic health expenditure
Impoverishment effect due to catastrophic health
expenditure is 8% in Rural and 5% in urban areas per
year
Keyfacts_ India contd…
7. UHC is an aspirational goal:
The 58th
session of the World Health assembly in
2005 defined UHC as providing ‘access to key
promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative
health interventions for all at an affordable cost ’
8. What do we need to be Healthy???
Health workers?
Safe & effective care?
Medicine?
Who pay for it?
Policies
Information
9. People +
Services +
Products +
Finances +
Policies +
Information
UNIVERSAL
=
EVERYONE
THIS IS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE
11. The objective: Universal Health Coverage
• All people have access to needed services
• Without the risk of financial ruin linked to paying
for care
12. Why is moving towards UHC
important?
For 3 reasons:
1.Health benefits-
Example : Story of Brazil
2. Economic benefits
Examples: Thailand lowers out of pocket
expenditure
3.Political Benefits:
Examples:
13. 1988 Brazil initiated an extensive program of health
forms with the intention of increasing the coverage of
fective services for the poor and otherwise vulnerable.
ior to 1988, just 30 million Brazilians had access
health services.
oday, coverage is closer to 140 million, roughly
ree-quarters of the population.
Health Benefits of UHC: Story from Brazil
14. There has been significant improvements across a range
of health indicators, notably IMR which fell from 46 per
1000 live births in 1990 to 17.3 per 1000 live births in
2010. Life expectancy at birth has also improved,
reaching 73 years in 2010 compared to 70 years just a
decade earlier.
The reforms also reduced health inequalities with the
life expectancy gap between the wealthier south of the
country and poorer north falling from 8 years to 5 years
between 1990 and 2007.
Continues…..
15. n independent review report on the first ten years of
hailand’s Universal Coverage Scheme(UCS) shows a
ramatic reduction in the proportion of out-of-pocket health
xpenditure,& associated falls in the number of households
uffering catastrophic health expenditures &impoverishment
ue to health care costs. Between 1996 and 2008 the
ncidence of catastrophic health care expenditure amongst
he poorest quintile of households covered by the UCS fell
om 6.8 % to 2.8 %.
THAILAND LOWERS OUT OF POCKET SPENDING
16. he incidence of non-poor households falling below the
overty line because of health care costs fell from 2.71 %
n 2000 to 0.49 % in 2009. The review calculated that the
Comprehensive benefit package provided by the UCS
nd the reduced level of out-of- pocket expenditure protecte
a cumulative total of 292,000 households from health
elated impoverishment between 2004 and 2009.
Continues…….
17. UHC is popular across the world and if UHC reform
are implemented properly they can build peace
and security in countries & deliver substantial
Political benefits to governments.
Many leaders coming to power after a national crisi
(be it economic or political) have implemented rapid
UHC reforms as a way to deliver a quick-win for
their people. Examples include Rwanda, Nepal,
Thailand,Brazil and also the UK after World War II
UHC and political benefits
18. Dispelling myths about UHC
•UHC is not just health financing, it should cover all
components of the health system to be successful
•UHC is not only about assuring a minimum package of
health services
•UHC does not mean free coverage for all possible health
interventions, regardless of the cost, as no country can
provide all services free of charge on a sustainable basis.
•UHC is comprised of much more than just health;
taking steps towards UHC means steps towards equity,
development priorities, social inclusion and cohesion.
19. Evolution of UHC in India
1. Bhore Committee 1946
2. Mudaliar Committee 1959-61
3. Jungalwalla Committee 1967
4. Kartar Singh Committee 1973
5. Shrivastava Committee 1975
6. Rural Health Scheme 1977
7. Health for all by 2000, 1980
8. National Health policy, 1983
9. National population policy 2000
10. National health
policy 2002
11. NRHM 2005
12. NHM 2013
13. National Health Policy
2015 (draft)
20. • CONSTITUTED IN OCTOBER 2010
• REPORT IN NOVEMBER 2011
High Level Expert Group Report India
21. Ensuring equitable access for all Indian citizens, resident
in any part of the country, regardless of income level,
social status, gender, caste or Religion, to affordable ,
accountable, appropriate health services of assured
Quality ( promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative)
as well as public health services addressing the wider
determinants of health delivered to individuals and
populations, with the government being the guarantor and
enabler, although not necessarily the only provider, of
health and related services.
Defining UHC ( as per HLEG report)
24. Architecture for UHC ( as proposed by HLEG)
1. Heath financing and Financial Protection
2. Health Service Norms
3. Human Resources for Health
4. Community participation and citizen engagement
5. Access to Medicines, vaccines and technology
6. Management and institutional reforms
25. 1. Heath financing and Financial Protection
Health financing is concerned with how
financial resources are generated, allocated and
used in health systems.
Health financing policy focuses on how to move
closer to universal coverage with issues related
to:
(i) how and from where to raise sufficient
funds for health;
(ii) how to overcome financial barriers that
exclude many poor from accessing health
services; or
(iii) how to provide an equitable and efficient
mix of health services
26. 1. Heath financing and Financial Protection
Recommendations by HLEG
The Government
spending on healthcare
in India is only 1.04% of
GDP which is about 4 %
of total Government
expenditure, less than
30% of total health
spending.
JSY (2005)
Chiranjeevi Yojna (2006)
Rastriya Swasthya Bima
Yojna (2008)
Present Indian scenario
increase public
expenditures on health
from the current level of
GDP to at least 2.5% by
the end of 12th plan
(2012-17) and to at least
3% of GDP by 2022.
• Use general taxation as
the principal source of
health care financing
27. The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna
(launched in 2007) by the Ministry of Labour & Employment
• Cashless coverage of all health services
• Smart-card-based system;
• Only hospital admission and day-care
• Total of INR30000 insured per family below poverty line per year.
• Pre-existing illnesses also covered;
• Reasonable expenses for before and after hospital admission for 1 da
before and 5 days after;
• Transport allowance (actual with limit of INR100 per visit) subject to
a yearly limit of INR1000
28. • Only BPL Family
• Up to five members for 1 year;
• renewal yearly;
• registration fee for a family is INR30;
• Central government contribution 75% &
State government 25% of the premium
RSBY contd….
29. 2. Health Service Norms
Present Indian Scenario
Indian Public health
Standard (IPHS) norms
prevailing among the
different levels of heath
facilities.
Recommendations by HLEG
Develop a National
Health Package
Lot of emphasis on
primary health care
IT-enabled National
Health Entitlement Card
(NHET)
30. 3. Human resource for health
Present Indian Scenario
India is facing a crisis in
human resources for
health
2.2 million health workers
which roughly translates
to a density of 22
health/10,000
ASHA
AYUSH
Health workers are
unevenly distributed
between the rural and
urban areas, and across
states
Recommendations by HLEG
Increasing the number of
trained health care providers
for providing primary health
care
District Health Knowledge
Institutes (DHKIs)
National Council for Human
Resources in Health
(NCHRH) to prescribe,
monitor and promote
standards of health
professional education.
33. 4.Community participation and citizen
management
Present Indian Scenario
Village Health,
Nutrition and
Sanitation Committee
(VHNSC)
Rogi kalyan samiti
(RKS)
Recommendations by HLEG
In order to improve
community participation, it
recommended transforming
existing VHNSC into
participatory Health Councils.
The Health Councils should
organize annual Health
Assemblies at different levels
(district, state, and nation) to
enable community review of
health plans and their
performance as well as record
ground level experiences that
call for corrective responses
at the systemic level.
34. 5.Access to Medicines, vaccines and Technology
Present Indian Scenario
There were 376
medicines listed in NLEM
2015.
Jan Aushadhi programme
(2008)
MCTS
Recommendations by HLEG
Revise and expand the
essential drugs list
Enforce price regulation
especially on essential
drugs
Ensure rational use of
drugs
35. 6. Management and institutional reforms
(Recommendations by HELG)
• Introduce All India and state level Public Health
Service Cadres and a specialized state level Health
Systems Management Cadre in order to give greater
attention to public health and also strengthen the
management of the UHC system (managerial
reforms)
Among Institutional reforms, it recommended the
establishment of the National Health Regulatory and
Development Authority (NHRDA) with three key
units.:
1. System Support unit (SSU)
2. National Health and Medical Facilities Accreditation Unit
(NHMFAU)
3. Health System Evaluation Unit (HSEU)
36. • National Health Mission
• Janani Suraksha Yojana
• The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna
• The Jan Aushadhi programme
Schemes to promote universal health coverage in India
37. Increase of fund for public health from 0.9% of GDP to
1.8% .of GDP in 2013
To revitalize the public sector in health by increasing fundin
Integration of vertical health and family welfare programs,
Employment of female accredited social health activists in
every village,
Decentralized health planning, community involvement in
health services,
Strengthening of rural hospitals,
Providing untied funds to health facilities,
NHM
38. Jan Aushadhi programme (2008)
• public-private partnership,
• Aim to set up in every district,
• To provide quality generic drugs and surgical products
at affordable prices 24 h a day
39. Global momentum for UHC
1. MDG 2000
UHC and the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) are strictly connected.
UHC implies open access for all to health
services,& involves strengthening efforts to
improve the quality, availability & affordability
of services linked to the current MDGs
including, for example, the fight against
HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria & child and maternal
mortality.
Mental illnesses and injuries.
40. Global momentum for UHC
2. Post- 2015 Development Agenda
Sustainable Development Goal ( SDG) 3
“ Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for
all at all ages”
SDG Target 3.8
“ Achieve UHC, including financial risk protection
access to quality essential health care services and
access to safe, effective, quality and affordable
essential medicines and vaccines for all”
41. 3. Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General
“I regard universal health coverage as the single
most powerful concept that public health has to
offer. It is inclusive. It unifies services and delivers
them in a comprehensive and integrated way, based
on primary health care.”
42. Challenges
1.Pursuing unrealistic goals-
a. UHC doesn't require a universally applicable package
of health care services that must be covered.
b. There is a problem that equal financial access that
may be facilitated by health insurance doesn't necessarily
mean equal physical access to high quality health care
c. Problems with egalitarian percepts – concepts of
opportunity costs.
43. Challenges contd…
2. Problem with medicines:
a. Underuse of generic and higher than necessary prices
for medicine
b. Use of substandard and counterfeit medicine
c. Inappropriate and effective use of medicine
3. Heath care products and services:
Overuse or supply of equipment, investigations and
procedures.
4. Heath workers:
Inappropriate or costly staff mix, unmotivated workers
44. Challenges contd…
5. Health care services:
Inappropriate hospital admissions and length of stay
6. Health care services:
A. Inappropriate hospital size ( low use of infrastructure)
B. Medical errors and suboptimal quality of care
.
7. Heath system leakages:
Waste, corruption and fraud
8. Heath interventions:
Inefficient mix/ inappropriate level of strategies
45. To sum up the Challenges for UHC
• The availability of health care services provided by the
public and private sectors taken together is inadequate;
• The quality of healthcare services varies considerably in
both the public and private sector as regulatory standards
for public and private hospitals are not adequately defined
and, are ineffectively enforced; and
• The affordability of health care is a serious problem for the
vast majority of the population, especially at the tertiary
level.
47. Conclusion
The Member States of WHO have endorsed
universal coverage as an important goal for the
development of health financing systems but, in
order to achieve this long-term solution,
flexible short-term responses are needed.
There is no universal formula. Indeed, for many
countries, it will take some years to achieve
universal coverage and the path is complex.
The responses each country takes will be
determined partly by their own histories and
the way their health financing systems have
developed to date, as well as by social
preferences relating to concepts of solidarity.
49. References
World Health Organization. Universal health coverage factsheet [Internet].
ted 2016 Aug 10]. Available from:
p://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs395/en/.
World Health Organization. The world health report: health systems financing:
path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
Gina Lagomarsino, Alice Garabrant, Atikah Adyas, Richard Muga,
haniel Otoo ;Moving towards universal health coverage: health insurance
orms in nine developing countries in Africa and Asia; Lancet 2012; 380:
3–43;
High Level Expert Group Report on Universal Health Coverage for India
ituted by Planning Commission of India; New Delhi,November, 2011
K Srinath Reddy, Vikram Patel, Prabhat Jha, Vinod K Paul, A K Shiva Kumar
it Dandona, for The Lancet India Group for Universal Healthcare; Towards
ievement of universal health care in India by 2020: a call to action;
cet 2011; 377: 760–68
50. References
6. Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable
Development-Tracking universal health coverage: first global
monitoring report;World Health Organization 2015
7. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India.
National Family Health Survey 4.2015-16.
8. Archana R, Kar SS, Premarajan K, Lakshminarayanan S. Out of
pocket expenditure among the households of a rural area in
Puducherry, South India. Journal of Natural Science, Biology,
and Medicine. 2014;5(1):135-138
9. Aditya Karla. India keeps tight reign on public health spending in
2015-16 budget. Reuters. 2015 Feb 28. Available from:
http://in.reuters.com/article/india-health-budget-idINKBN0LW0LQ
, cited 1st
Aug 2016.
10. Puja Mehra. Only 17% have health insurance cover. The Hindu.
2014 Dec 22. Available from:
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/only-17-have-health-ins
51. 11. Office of Registrar General, India. Sample Registration System.
Maternal & Child Mortality and Total Fertility Rates. 2011 July 7.
Available from: http://censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins
/MMR_release_070711.pdf, cited 2nd
August 2016.
12. Statistics Division. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Governm
of India. Family Welfare Statistics in India 2011. Available from :
http://mohfw.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/3503492088FW%20Statist
202011%20Revised%2031%2010%2011.pdf, cited 1st
August 2016.
13. Gopalan C. The changing nutrition scenario. Indian J Med Res 138,
September 2013; 392-397 .
14. Krishna D R. Situation analysis of the health workforce in India.
Human resource technical paper I. Public Health Foundation of India.
Available from:
http://uhc-india.org/uploads/SituationAnalysisoftheHealthWorkforcei
Cited 5 August 2016.
People-centered and integrated health services are critical for reaching universal health coverage.
In the next twenty years, 40-50 million new health care workers will need to be trained and deployed to meet the need.
Globally, two-thirds (38 million) of 56 million annual deaths are still not registered.
“Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all
people can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship” WHO
3. i.e for all
This increase in financial protection was accompanied by an increase in the use of essential health services by UCS members in Thailand, with a 31% increase in outpatient utilization rates and 23% increase in inpatient utilization between 2003 and 2010. These rates had previously been too low.
UHC is not just health financing, it should cover all components of the health system to be successful: health service delivery systems, health workforce, health facilities or communications networks, health technologies, information systems, quality assurance mechanisms, governance and legislation.
UHC is not only about assuring a minimum package of health services, but also about assuring a progressive expansion of coverage of health services and financial risk protection as more resources become available.
“Health for all” means that health is to be brought within reach of everyone in a given country. And by “health” is meant a personal state of well- being, not just the availabilityof health services—a state of health that enables a person to lead a socially and economi- cally productive life. “Health for all” implies the removal of the obstacles to health—that is to say, the elimination of malnutri- tion, ignorance, contaminated drinking-water, and unhygienic housing—quite as much as
it does the solution of purely medical problems such as a lack of doctors, hospital beds, drugs and vaccines.
“Health for all” means that health should be regarded as an objective of economic develop- ment and not merely as one of the means of attaining it. . . .
“Health for all” dependson continued progress in medical care and public health.
The High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) on Universal Health Coverage (UHC) was constituted by the Planning Commission of India in October 2010, under the chairmanship of Prof. K. Srinath Reddy, with the mandate of developing a framework for providing easily accessible and affordable health care to all Indians which submitted its report in October, 2010
HLEG recognized that it is possible for India, even within the financial resources available to it, to devise an effective architecture of health financing and financial protection that can offer UHC to every citizen.
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) launched in 2005, which provided incentives for institutional deliveries at health facilities, public and private
In 2006, the government of Gujarat launched the Chiranjeevi Yojana , which engaged the private sector facilities for institutional deliveries, since public hospitals were seen to lack the capacity and reach to serve many rural areas.56
HLEG put lot of emphasis on primary health care and recommended that expenditures on primary health care, including general health information and promotion, curative services at the primary level, screening for risk factors at the population level, and cost-effective treatment, targeted toward specific risk factors, should account for at least 70% of all health care expenditures.
Further analyses reveals that among the 2.2 million health workers in India, there are about 6.8 lakh allopathic doctors and 2 lakh AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) practitioners. Allopathic doctors constitute a majority of the health workforce in India (31 per cent), followed by nurses and midwives (30 per cent), pharmacists (11 per cent) and AYUSH practitioners (9 per cent) and others (9 per cent ophthalmic assistants, radiographers and technicians) (Rao et al. 2012). Community health workers are not included in these estimates.
The combined density of allopathic doctors, nurses and midwives (11.9) is about half of the WHO benchmark of 25.4 workers in these categories per 10,000 population for achieving 80 per cent of births attended by skilled personnel in cross-country comparisons
When adjusted for qualification, the density falls to around one-fourth of the WHO benchmark. There are 3.8 allopathic doctors per 10,000 population
Ensure adequate numbers of trained health care providers and technical health care workers at different levels by a) giving primacy to the provision of primary health care b) increasing HRH density to achieve WHO norms of at least 23 health workers per 10,000 population (doctors, nurses, and midwives).
Establish the National Council for Human Resources in Health (NCHRH)
Jan aushadhi program: public-private partnership,
Aim to set up in every district,
To provide quality generic drugs and surgical products
at affordable prices 24 h a day
System Support unit (SSU) to be responsible for developing the legal, financial, and regulatory norms as well as the Management Information System (MIS) for the UHC system. The National Health and Medical Facilities Accreditation Unit (NHMFAU) should be responsible for the mandatory accreditation of all allopathic and AYUSH health care providers in both public and private sectors as well as for all health and medical facilities. The Health System Evaluation Unit (HSEU) should be responsible for independently evaluating the performance of both public and private health services at all levels – after establishing systems to get real-time data for performance monitoring of inputs, outputs, and outcomes. Focusing on health promotion, it recommended setting up of National Health Promotion and Protection Trust (NHPPT) to play a catalytic role in facilitating the promotion of better health culture amongst people, health providers and policy-makers. The Trust should be an autonomous entity at the national level with chapters in the states. Finally, it also recommended investing in health sciences research and innovation to inform policy, programmes, and to develop feasible solutions
1. Access to health care in the U.S. means something very different from access to health care in Uganda. Put another way, universal access to health care in a country with a per capita GDP of $50,000 means something different from access to health care in a country with a per capita GDP of $2,000 or less.
Guiding principles
Two critical factors to achieve and sustain UHC:
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH and
GENDER ISSUES
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
'Brazil, Russia, India And China - BRIC'