Educational Planning

What defines effective school is the necessity of the school community to tailor interventions to improve quality of education. This study determined the factors of school effectiveness and level of school performance of private and public elementary schools in the Second Congressional District of Cagayan Province, Philippines. The study made use of mixed-method research. For quantitative, the descriptive correlational method was used to identify the relationship between school effectiveness and school performance. Factorial analysis was also used to identify the principal components of school effectiveness of private and public elementary schools. The participants of the study were the 182 public and private elementary school principals and teachers from the 20 sampled schools. School effectiveness was measured using the seven correlates of effective schools. On the other hand, the level of school performance was gauged through the National Achievement Test (NAT) results for the past three years. The qualitative part of the study focused on the school effectiveness practices and NAT practices of selected private and public elementary schools. The findings of the study revealed that the level of school effectiveness of both private and public elementary schools was excellent. However, test of difference showed that public schools exhibited stronger home-school relations than the private schools. In terms of the level of school performance, public schools perform better than the private schools for the past three years. Significantly, there exists a strong positive relationship between school effectiveness and school performance. The factorial analysis revealed that among all the correlates of school effectiveness, school leadership competency and professional collaboration influenced the performance of both schools. Recommendations of the study can help the government and school officials to plan appropriate strategies in improving the quality of schools effectiveness.

In this internship report I have taken a look at my work with youth engagement at a UNESCO IIEP Policy Forum on “Engaging Youth in Planning Education for Social Transformation”. I have explored how we have perceived the concept of youth at my internship, how we have talked about it and how we have dealt with youth in our work. I analyse several episodes where youth are treated as vulnerable and adults-in-the-making, while being expected to be change-makers and actors at the same time. I discuss whether the youth concept might block the very idea of youth engagement by putting half the worlds population into a category of human 'becomings' and not yet to be taken serious. I suggest
that the categorisation on young people as 'youth' blind us from seeing the different complex issues which the 3 billion different people in the world might deal with.

espanolLos patrones de diseno permiten extraer conocimiento a partir de la practica y pueden constituir una solucion para problemas identificados en un contexto educativo particular, orientando las decisiones pedagogicas en la planificacion de la actividad educativa. El uso del lenguaje de patrones ayuda a compartir dichas soluciones para su puesta en practica en contextos educativos afines. Aunque su uso educativo resulta incipiente, se observa un interes creciente por analizar las metodologias para su elaboracion y el desarrollo de sistemas de formalizacion que permitan llegar a un lenguaje comun de su representacion. En este articulo se analiza el papel de los patrones pedagogicos como herramienta para guiar la practica del profesorado. Se presenta el resultado del diseno de patrones del aprendizaje en el contexto universitario mediante un proceso participativo entre docentes e investigadores. Este trabajo se inscribe en el proyecto de investigacion «Desig2Learn: Estrategias de c...

La presentazione sintetizza e sviluppa ulteriormente il pensiero contenuto nella pubblicazione "Progettare e discernere". La novità di questo modello di progettazione risiede non solo nella metodologia tras-formativa proposta in cinque tappe – situazione descritta, interpretazione comunitaria, vocazione accolta, visione sperimentata, progettazione operativa – che affondano la loro radice profonda in un momento decisamente spirituale e vocazionale, ma soprattutto nella pressante richiesta di passare da una "progettazione virtuale per obiettivi nominali" ad una "progettazione virtuosa dei processi". Colui che progetta virtualmente in genere decide in maniera verticistica e unilaterale ciò che vuole e poi cerca una collaborazione solo esecutiva da parte degli altri membri della comunità; chi invece progetta virtuosamente sa che ognuno ha i talenti da offrire e quindi cerca sempre una corresponsabilità a tutto tondo da tutti i membri della comunità, perché la migliore idea può venire da qualunque membro della comunità. L’idea di fondo risiede nel fatto che non esiste progettazione educativa e pastorale senza una comunità di fede, che viva quotidianamente alcune virtù personali e altre pro-sociali ben precise: dal punto di vista individuale la fedeltà creativa, il discernimento personale e la coerenza operativa; dal punto di vista comunitario la generosità sistemica, l’accompagnamento generativo e l’integrazione sinergica. Lavorare personalmente e comunitariamente per crescere in ciascuna di queste virtù, verificando con verità dove le cose vanno già bene e dove invece abbiamo bisogno di autentiche conversioni, è un compito ineludibile per ogni comunità educativa che progetta insieme. Il modello è poi esemplificato con degli esempi della progettazione condivisa con la comunità educativa del Borgo don Bosco di Roma che include le aree dell'oratorio, del centro di formazione professionale e dell'area sociale attorno al progetto Rimettere le ali.
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Presentazione in prezi: https://prezi.com/view/ZEa5v9Dddqz19uo7YUlD/

Background Lack of suitable educational programs in nursing causes irreparable damage to the community’s health and reduces the academic credibility of universities. In Iran, the master of science in nursing (MScN) program is not tailored to the needs of the community, and graduates lack the required nursing skills. Considering the distinguished quality of higher education in Japan, the aim of the present study is to perform a comparative analysis of MScN programs in Iran and Japan. Methods In this descriptive comparative study, an extensive electronic search was carried out in Persian and English databases, including PubMed, Iran Medex, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, scientific information database (SID), and MagIran among articles published during 1997 - 2016. The gathered data were categorized and compared according to the study objectives. Results In comparison with Iran, Japan has a longer history of postgraduate nursing programs, and its educational system has prominent strengths and advantages including: admission interviews; English language requirements for admission; versatility and flexibility of the educational curricula to facilitate student employment during education; integration of research-based units in the curricula; and attention to community-based and home care nursing. Conclusions Comparison of the educational systems of Iran and Japan highlights the need for more flexible curricula in Iran in accordance with the community’s needs.

"Elinizdeki bu kitap, sosyal psikolojinin konularını en geniş kapsamıyla ele almakta, klasikleşmiş deneysel ve saha araştırmalarını en güncel bilimsel çalışmalarla harmanlamaktadır. Bu bakımdan, akademisyen ve öğrencilerin yararlanabileceği eşsiz bir kaynaktır. Kitapta, sosyal psikoloji konuları bölüm bölüm ele alınmıştır; ilgili kavram, terim, kuram ve araştırmalar aktarılırken her bölüm kendi içinde bir bütünlük arz edecek şekilde akıcı bir öyküsel kurguyla ve dille yazılmıştır ayrıca bu kitap; tarihsel olaylarla, edebî ve felsefi metaforlarla zenginleştirilmiştir.
Ayrıca bu kapsamlı çalışma, sadece bilimsel bir disiplinin temel konularını okuyucuya aktarmakla kalmamakta, aynı zamanda savaş, açlık, çevre gibi gerçek dünya sorunlarının sosyal psikolojik boyutlarıyla ilgili çözüm önerileri de getirmektedir. Bu bakımdan elinizdeki kitap yalnızca bir ders kitabı değil, aynı zamanda sosyal psikolojiye ilgi duyan herkesin merakla okuyabileceği bir kitaptır."

We've all been to school, so what could be simpler than understanding life in school? The problem is that we take school for granted, accepting it for what it is without asking too many questions. This leaves us tinkering around the edges when it comes to school reform. A deeper understanding of life in school is required, which this book seeks to offer by going to the source of the matter itself – the young people who are in the midst of the day-to-day routines of school life. Much is revealed by contrasting their experiences in academic classrooms and school camp, insights that remain invisible without this juxtaposition. Key to analysis of these experiences is an understanding of life as occupational, constituted through many and various ways of being. This highlights the importance to teaching and learning of addressing the issue of who we are, not just what we know.

This book is a "must read" for educators. It is so because it is animated by a principle which claims that it is more important to help students become well-rounded beings than to transmit to them tidbits of knowledge. Study its manifestation with care, then act upon it.
Philip W. Jackson - David Lee Shillinglaw Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Education and Psychology at the University of Chicago, USA

This book is a worthy companion to Philip W. Jackson's Life in Classrooms. It addresses the complexities of life in schools, providing a rich account of how students interpret and negotiate these complexities. In an analysis that is both philosophically astute and highly accessible, John Quay shows how education for these students is about much more than knowing – it is about being and becoming.
Fazal Rizvi - Professor in Global Studies in Education at the University of Melbourne, Australia and Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA

Uma pandemia, como a do Coronavírus-19, rapidamente espraiada pelo processo de globalização, lembra que a História é marcada por elas. Não só a História da Medicina e das ciências, como a social, econômica, demográfica e outras vertentes. Na Idade Média, a Europa padeceu com a Peste Negra, que, em suas reiteradas ondas, teria matado cerca de um terço da população total medieval (há estimativas entre 20% e 50%). Em povos predominantemente analfabetos, agravou-se a obsessão com a morte e a salvação, com o recrudescimento iconográfico das representações macabras. Predominaram sentimentos de solidão, medo, perseguição aos judeus, como costumeiros bodes expiatórios, e apreensão pela vinda do Anticristo e do Juízo Final (Jouan, 2018). A educação, religiosa, era para poucos e padeceu com a morte de professores e alunos. Hoje não poderia se replicar, pois são bem diversas as condições de saúde, educação, alimentação e higiene. Combinação das pestes bubônica, pneumônica e septicêmica, todas bacterianas, encontrariam armas poderosas. No entanto, hoje enfrentamos vírus, que nem merecem o status de seres vivos, e vivemos a xenofobia, as agressões ao pessoal de saúde e aos imigrantes e, em lugar do Anticristo, convivemos com governos populistas autoritários. Estes impõem narrativas em vez de fatos, subestimam os males, demoram a agir e aumentam substancialmente o preço em vidas. Tentam conciliar vidas e mercados, como se pudessem combinar água e azeite. A educação de sociedades desiguais se recolhe às casas de quem a tem, com os equipamentos de que dispõem, a estratificar mais ainda as conhecidas disparidades escolares.

"The puppet as an educational tool" is a written text in an accessible and immediate form. In addition, the topics covered were developed on the basis of the author's long experience in the field.
The content is therefore full of concrete and enlightening examples and, among the many proposed activities to be carried out, we point out an easy and quick technique to build puppet-characters: an activity that can be performed, at the various educational services, both together with families and children (with the support of adults).

https://prezi.com/view/RIiKTs0h3CC4XVzoOf8x Výchovné plány, neraz precízne formulované, ľahko končia „v šuflíku“, nakoľko nie vždy za nimi stojí komunita osôb, ktorí by v nich videli svetlo na cestu v danej realite. Cieľom tejto prezentácie je ponúknuť nové cesty výchovného plánovania. Inovácia pozostáva v posune od tranzitívnych projektov k transformatívnym projektom. Tie posledné majú za cieľ zmenu nielen v prostredí, ale najmä v komunite osôb, ktoré daný projekt vytvoria aj postupne realizujú.  Transformatívne plánovanie má tak ambíciu neformulovať  prázdne slová na papieri, ale budovať komunitu zjednotenú  spoločnou víziou.

We encourage the senior management of E&SED to reflect on the learning outlined in this paper to establish a working culture based on sound knowledge management – one that sees data management as a service as well as a technical system, and utilises data strategically and effectively. This paper outlines opportunities for the E&SED to do this through the establishment of data quality standards; the definition of clear supply and demand roles and responsibilities across the Department; and the effective integration of multiple data sets. The learning derived from the EU’s technical assistance to the Department (through the KP-ESPSP Programme) identifies clear areas of focus that can enhance education service delivery in KP as a result of better management and use of data.

Fundamentals of educational planning

The booklets in this series  are written primarily for  two groups: those engaged in—or preparing  for—educational planning and admin- istration.
The modern conception  of educational planning  has attracted  specialists from many disciplines.
The purpose of some  of the booklets  is to help these people explain  their particular points of view  to one another.
In the series  represent this common  experience, and provide  in  short  compass  some of  the best  available ideas and experience concerning  selected aspects of educational planning.

Foreword

Arnold Anderson is professor of sociology and director of the Comparative Education Center of the University of Chicago.
He is the author of numerous books and papers on educational planning and on the sociology of education.
Mr. Ander- son sets out the limits within which he thinks educational planning can be effective, and the limits also to the use of the school system as an instrument of economic and social change.

İnovasyonun On Tipi kitabı ile inovasyon yapmak isteyenlere reçete veriliyor. Adım adım ve yalın bir şekilde inovasyonun nasıl geliştirilebileceği konusunda önemli sırlar ortaya koyuluyor. Bu kitap, özellikle teknoloji odaklı inovasyon yapmak isteyenlere yapılan hataları da göstererek uygulama ortamı oluşturuyor. Yenilik ilkelerini verirken startupların ve hatta büyük kuruluşların anlamlı ve sürdürülebilir büyüme konusundaki donanımını artırıyor. 2000'den fazla başarılı yeniliğin ortaya çıkışında önemli içgörüler sağlıyor.
Bu kitabın anlatım tarzında özel bir algoritma uygulanarak anlamlı gruplar belirlendi. İnovasyon fırsatlarını belirlemek için firmaların iç ve dış büyüme parametreleri ve performans değerleri, rakiplerini de devreye alarak şekillendirildi. İnovasyon odaklı performansın artırılabilmesi, önemli değerlendirmeler yapılabilmesi için özel ve hazır yol haritaları sunuldu. Endüstriler için de inovasyon modellerini teşhis edip yeni bir anlayış ve yöntem geliştirme imkânı sunuluyor.
Çevrimsel araştırmanın altyapısını vererek farklı ve anlamlı değişim ve dönüşümü düşündürüp kalıcı ve kullanışlı yollar uygulatarak kitabın ne kadar değerli olduğunu kanıtlıyor. Eğer kurumunuzda anlamlı ve sürdürülebilir büyümeyi inovasyon odaklı gerçekleştirmek isterseniz yenilik ilkelerinin detaylı olarak anlatıldığı İnovasyonun On Tipi kitabını okuyun.
Bu kitabın yazarlarından Larry Keeley'in tecrübelerinden yararlanmak büyük bir fırsat. Kendisi BusinessWeek tarafından inovasyon alanındaki dünya görüşünü ve paradigmaları değiştiren, yedi yenilik gurusundan biri olarak seçilmiş olup Doblin firmasının kurucusudur. Diğer yazarlar ile birlikte inovasyonun tasarlanması ve sürdürülebilir kılınması konusunda dünya çapında pek çok girişimciyi, yöneticiyi, şirketleri ve startupları etkilemiştir.

La presentazione sintetizza e sviluppa ulteriormente il pensiero contenuto nella pubblicazione "Progettare e discernere" (https://www.academia.edu/39480939) in vista di un accompagnamento degli ambienti educativi salesiani. Il modello di progettazione  affonda le sue radici profonde in un momento decisamente spirituale e vocazionale e tenta di fare un passaggio da una “progettazione virtuale” ad una “progettazione virtuosa”. Colui che progetta virtualmente in genere decide in maniera verticistica e unilaterale ciò che vuole e poi cerca una corresponsabilità solo esecutiva da parte degli altri membri della comunità; chi invece progetta virtuosamente sa che ognuno ha qualcosa da dare e da dire e quindi cerca sempre una corresponsabilità a tutto tondo da tutti i membri della comunità.

La presentazione sintetizza e sviluppa ulteriormente il pensiero contenuto nella pubblicazione "Progettare e discernere" (https://www.academia.edu/39480939) in vista di un accompagnamento degli ambienti educativi salesiani. Il modello di progettazione  affonda le sue radici profonde in un momento decisamente spirituale e vocazionale e tenta di fare un passaggio da una “progettazione virtuale” ad una “progettazione virtuosa”. Colui che progetta virtualmente e individualisticamente in genere decide in maniera verticistica e unilaterale ciò che vuole e poi cerca una corresponsabilità solo esecutiva da parte degli altri membri della comunità; chi invece progetta virtuosamente sa parte da una cultura organizzativa corresponsabile, accompagna generativamente e integra l’ambiente in processi sinergici.

The overall mission of IUBAT is human resources development through appropriate teaching, training andguidance as well as creation of knowledge conducive to socio-agro- economic development of developingsocieties in general and that of Bangladesh in particular. This overall mission is being attained through offeringcourses and curricula relating to various aspects of knowledge as well as providing opportunities for individualsto acquire skill and relevant eperience in the chosen field of speciali!ation. Besides, the Universit" provideopportunities for promotion of scholasticism through research in different sub#ect areas and application ofknowledge in the contet of Bangladesh.

The International Journal of Database Management Systems (IJDMS) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the database management systems & its applications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern developments in this filed, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Compared to the few public higher education institutions in the prewar era, postwar Somalia boasts a large number of academic institutions at the tertiary level, mainly as privately owned universities. Although these community-initiated academic establishments are making tremendous contributions to the higher education sector, particularly in the absence of an effective national government, one can argue that much still remains at stake in terms of evaluation and quality assurance, key elements necessary for institutional accreditation and acceptance of credentials by other educational establishments issuing the same level of certificates. In this essay we aim to provide an overview discussion of the trends of higher education in Somalia and the way forward for newly emerged institutions, which have taken the bold initiative of changing the landscape of Somalia’s higher education.

Cambodia has struggled to promote the access and quality of education in responding to the local needs and international mainstream of education goals. In general, there are number of positive progresses being made in term of enrollment rates and gender parity; however, there are still major issues for Cambodia to cope with such as the equal access, dropout, survival, lack of teacher resource, quality of learning, study materials and so on. The current issues need the country to invest more input in term of financial and human resource such as teacher resource and infrastructure in order to achieve the education goals. The education in Cambodia has its long way to go and this cannot be solved with one single dimension but the whole system and dynamic resource working dynamically to develop itself under time and available budget.

Cambodia and Thailand have placed a great emphasis on the
EFA goals by 2015. Both countries have achieved the net enrollment but still struggled
with the dropout number and out-of-school population. However, each country has
shared similar policies and approaches to deal the problems; meanwhile, they have put
efforts in investing more budgets on universal education, believing that it will be a great
impact on economic and social development. This study is aimed to identify the
challenging factors affecting Education For All (EFA) goals and to compare the education
policies on the affected factors that help to promote the equal access in both countries.
Therefore, this paper found the relative significant issues which are the main factors
affecting the equal access to education. Also, there are some policies are found to be
emerging solutions for the government at different levels.

Management, administration, and leadership have been defined differently by different scholars. Many scholars look at the three terms as being the same, yet others believe that the three concepts are different. This paper which is base on review of literature from articles attempts to determine the differences between management, administration and leadership. Even though management, administration, and leadership have been interchangeably used and thought to be similar; this study found out that the three concepts are completely poles apart. The findings revealed that management is concerned with maintaining efficiently and effectively the current organizational arrangements whereas leadership engrosses influencing people's actions towards achieving desirable ends. Yet on the other hand administration was found to be a process of working with and through others in order to accomplish organizational goals and objectives efficiently. In general, this study suggests that the three concepts of management, administration, and leadership engross unique roles. The researcher therefore recommends that Higher Education Institutions should create a contributive environment under which leaders, managers, and administrators execute their distinctive roles for institutional development.

La ricerca si è espressamente sviluppata in un ambito culturale e tecnico nel quale convergono gli elementi normativi delle nuove linee guida per la progettazione scolastica (ad es. spazi di apprendimento, spazi di sperimentazione, spazi di coesione, integrazione con il contesto) ed i principali metodi pedagogici, codificati e tradotti nel testo “Il terzo maestro”  (ad es. la centralità del bambino, il paesaggio nell’aula, scuola come area verde in città, sinergia tra pedagogia e spazio, espandersi sul web) e nel recente “Manifesto per gli spazi educativi del terzo millennio” esito del gruppo di ricerca sulle Architetture scolastiche di INDIRE .
Lo studio di tali aspetti, accompagnato dall’analisi valutativa e comparativa di determinate esperienze progettuali in campo scolastico, ha consentito che la fase finale della ricerca potesse ricostruire una sorta di “matrice operativa di tipo strategico” a sostegno della formulazione di proposte compositive-distributive tracciate in chiave metaprogettuale. Ipotesi a sostegno - per quanti sono alle prese con la riqualificazione di spazi per l’apprendimento esistenti - di indirizzi che, in chiave scalare, determinano “linee programmatiche” e azioni materiali.
In questa direzione, e considerando per intero lo sviluppo della ricerca in tutte le sue diverse fasi, sono questi da intendersi i risultati attesi della tesi dottorale, vale a dire ricostruire un repertorio critico argomentativo sul tema degli spazi educativi e delle architetture scolastiche intrecciandone i cambiamenti in osmosi con i modelli pedagogici e gli strumenti normativi, facendo si, infine, che questi strumenti conoscitivi e concettuali, potessero determinare alcuni modelli teorico-pratici per implementare prassi operative complementari e più ampie di quelle esistenti.

The National Universities Commission’s (NUC’s) ranking criteria for teaching staff in
the programme accreditation benchmark (2007) namely: staff/student ratio (10%), staff mix by rank (6%) and qualifications (3%) were adopted to estimate the adequacy and quality of teachers in Nigeria Universities in 2012. The set of 188 faculties in 25
universities for which complete data was obtained out of 375 faculties in 46 universities that were operating before 2001 was used. A checklist was used to collect secondary data on the number of students as well as the number, highest qualification and rank of teachers in each faculty. Average shortfall in the number of teachers ranged from 15% in the Faculty of Arts to 71% in the Faculty of Technology/Engineering. Shortfalls in the number of teachers were generally high in the science related disciplines. Proportion of teachers that hold Ph.D degree was around 60% in the Faculties of Law, Engineering and Environmental Sciences, and barely close to 80% in a few other faculties. The average rank of teachers was generally below the NUC benchmark. Quality indices for university teachers were as low as 45.2% (Administration), 48.9% (Engineering/Technology) and 49.2% (Environmental Sciences). On the high side of quality indices were 73.8% (Arts), 70.8% (Education) and 69.9% (Veterinary Medicine). Providers of university education should address the problem of adequate staffing and career development of teachers in Nigerian universities

Seseorang sering tidak menyadari betapa pentingnya perencanaan dan cenderung melakukan sesuatu tanpa perencanaan. Ada kutipan yang mengtakan: “everything won’t go as smooth as planned,“ (semua tidak akan berjalan selancar yang direncanakan). Bahkan sesuatu hal yang telah direncanakan, belum tentu akan berjalan mulus sesuai dengan harapan dan mungkin akan mengalami gangguan pada saat pelaksanaannya. Apabila sesuatu dilaksanakan tanpa perencanaan tentunya akan memiliki resiko yang lebih banyak dan gangguan-gangguan pada saat pelaksaannya.

This issue on  Educational Administration, Planning and Policy Studies enables you to critical examine the trends and directions in educational administration, planning and management in their social, educational and political contexts in Cameroon.  The selected Master student’s presentation will facilitate the critical appraisal of a range of theories relevant to the study and practice of administration, planning and management in education in Cameroon. Reading the enclosed presentations will enable students to relate theoretical considerations to current substantive problems and issues concerning educational planning in Cameroon.

The selected presentations considered administration, planning and management of education in Cameroon as a whole – nursery school; primary school; secondary and high school and university - but allow each presentation to focus on the level/sector/s and issues of most interest to him/her. Efforts have been made to enable these scholars to link themes and issues from other modules they have already taken, or are taking concurrently, to themes, issues and approaches in education administration, planning and management.
An overview of the historical development of state administration of education in the modern age is presented by Dr Ebot Ashu will help you identify issues in administration, planning and management faced in the late- modern/post-modern context - such as challenges to the role of the state in the form of (e.g.) financial imperatives and marketisation on one hand and social justice on the other. Policy responses to such issues will be explored in terms of their impact on public administration of education, on educational planning and the management of educational services in Cameroon.The role of the state and specifically of regional and divisional government in the administration, planning and management of education is examined by other students alongside an evaluation of the roles of faith and non-governmental organisations.
The influences exercised by the resultant dynamic on educational institutions and on administration, planning and management within them is examined in a series of case studies which will draw on current examples in Cameroon which in turn will be appraised within an international context, drawing on comparative perspectives.
For me, it is important to encourage Postgraduate students to publish articles in journals. The supposed requirement by the Cameroon Ministry of Higher Education that all Postgraduate students have to publish at least a paper or two before they graduate is likely to improve the quality of our teaching, learning and research outcomes. The benefits of students integrating in journal writing across the curriculum areamply documented. From a teacher's perspective, there are few activities that can trump journal writing for understanding and supporting the development of student thinking. Writing articles-charges curiosity. The legendary Dr Ebot Ashu, Founding Editor of Educational Leadership and Management Studies (ELMS), encouraging others to write, "Without an understanding of who we are, we are not likely to understand fully why we study Education Leadership rather than Management, rather than philosophy. In the end, all knowledge is related; ELMS helps clarify the relationship."

The importance of education in the development of any nation cannot be overemphasized. There is an increasing belief in the power of education to transform the society. Education is viewed as an instrument per excellence for national development in Nigeria. Hence, for education to play its leading role in the development of a nation, it needs to be planned properly, taking into consideration the needs and aspirations of the citizens, the social, cultural and technological changes as well as the impact of globalization on the growth and development of the country. The success of any educational system depends so much on planning. Planning is the process of examining the future and drawing up appropriate actions for achieving specified objectives and goals. This paper is concerned with educational planning as it concerns Nigeria. The challenges and approaches to educational planning have been captured in this work.

Analisis kebutuhan sarana prasarana pendidikan dalam rangka penentuan jenis dan jumlah sarana dan prasarana SMK dilakukan melalui pendekatan empirik dan studi literatur/referensi berdasarkan pengalaman masa lalu.  dalam menentukan kebutuhan Sarana dan Prasarana lebih bersifat empiris, dan kajian model silabus yang berkembang.

This document sets the national education priorities for the period concerned and thus, consists in an inclusive platform where institutional stakeholders and interested groups can give their contribution. It contains proposals for transformation, reformation and development of our education system based on an efficient planning, management and assessment model. It takes into consideration best principles and practices; deals with PUE situation and makes proposals for interventions in each relevant priority while avoiding unnecessary descriptions.
The strategy is in compliance with the main education development trends in Europe and worldwide. Therefore it intends to: (i) improve education quality for all; (ii) identify the main activities and plan necessary budgetary resources; (iii) facilitate cooperation between government agencies, partners and other education interest groups in relation to expanding activities and investment in education within a cohesive conceptual, planning and funding framework. The annual plans of operation, which determine annual objectives, concrete activities and relevant means/resources, are based on this document.

This paper is about E-school system which has a great importance in increasing the effectiveness of Turkey's Education. E-school is mainly computerized Education
Management Information System. It is dynamic, web‐based Student Information Management System for centralized Education System of Turkey that provides solutions for schools so as to manage student data. It is developed by using innovative web based software and database technologies to enhance education and used by any kind of formal public or private preschool, primary and secondary schools, inside or outside Turkey, controlled by Ministry of National Education.
Firstly, the article contains a short summary of implementation process, technique, core components, design, and user profiles of E-school. In the main part, it discusses how student information management in Turkey's Education has been handled before and after E-school system. Principally, it emphasizes on how collection, processing, storage, accuracy, analysis and dissemination of student data, organizational policy and productivity, planning, statistic, scalability and transparency in Turkey’s National Education sector are improved after implementing E-school. In addition, it focuses on how E-school contributes to teachers, educational authorities, policy makers, students, parents also environment, Education System and Economy of Turkey.

Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.
Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, co-operating/monitoring, Reporting and Budgeting.

Azərbaycan Respublikası Təhsil Nazirliyinin 5 may 1996-cı il tarixli Nizamnaməsi ilə təsdiq edilmiş, Ədliyyə Nazirliyində dövlət qeydiyyatına alınmışdır. Qeydiyyat № 11/3165 «Azərbaycan məktəbi» jurnalı akademik səviyyədə tədqiq olunan və elmi heyət tərəfindən müsbət qiymətləndirilən Azərbaycan, rus, ingilis və türk dillərində orijinal məqalələrin nəşrini həyata keçirir. Müəlliflərin şəxsi maraqlarını təbliğ edən məqalələr qəbul edilmir. Jurnal aşağıdakı bölmələrdən ibarətdir: Pedaqogika, tədris və təlim, nəzəriyyə və təcrübə, pedaqoji psixologiya, təhsil tarixi və fəlsəfəsi, təhsil siyasəti və texnologiyaları, kurikulum və metodika. Nəşrlər bölməsində elmi, pedaqoji sahədə yeni dərc edilən kitablar tanıdılır. «Azərbaycan məktəbi» ildə dörd dəfə nəşr olunur, həmçinin, xüsusi buraxılışlar, konfrans və simpozium materialları da dərc edir. Jurnal Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti yanında Ali Attestasiya Komissiyasının tövsiyə etdiyi elmi nəşrlər sırasındadır.

Azerbaijan Journal of Educational Studies is an academic journal founded by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The journal publishes original articles in the following areas of research: education management; educational philosophy and educational theory; education policy; curriculum; educational technologies; pedagogy; sociology of education; history of education; special education; teacher training; assessment, etc. The journal also includes reviews of books on education published in local and foreign publications. Azerbaijan Journal of Educational Studies is published four times per year. The journal is among the publications recommended by the Supreme Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Brain drain and human capital mismatch hinder Masbate, a predominantly rural and the poorest province in Bicol Region in the Philippines, from attaining sustainable development. This research tackles the implications of people's career self-management, an integral factor of human capital management, to local development and planning. Applying Massey's power geometry, a survey was conducted to 138 urban high school (UHS) students and 72 rural high school (RHS) students to know their academic and professional career plans and the factors that influenced them. Results showed that most UHS students prefer to study and work in major urban centers outside Masbate, while most RHS students prefer to study and work in Masbate itself. However, for many RHS students, studying and working in Masbate only serve as their initial step to prepare for their future careers in bigger urban centers. These scenarios affirm Massey's claim that people from places with less opportunities are driven toward places with more opportunities. This study suggests that the local government initiates a higher education council to support its development programs and to help address its human capital needs. The creation of a human capital roadmap shall serve as the initial step to ensure sustainable local development.

Eğitim planlaması modern bir kavramdır. Eğitimin kitleselleştirilmesi sürecinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Herkes için eğitim anlayışının hem ulus devletin amaçları hem de ekonominin ilkeleri açısından önemli olmasının yanı sıra bir özelliği daha vardır: Ölçek ekonomileri oluşturarak birim maliyetlerin düşürülmesi. Böylece kitlesel eğitim sadece arzu edilir olmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda gerçekleştirilmesi mümkün bir hale gelir. En yüksek çıktıyı en ucuza sağlamanın yolunu bulmak ise eğitim plancısının işi olmuştur.

This chapter offers a critical appraisal of educación intercultural bilingüe, an educational model with at least five decades of implementation in Latin America. When this term was coined, Indigenous populations were mostly monolingual and their settlements mostly rural and distant from the seats of cultural hegemony and power. The situation is now different; Indigenous individuals have also reached the cities and centres of power, reclaiming their indigeneity. With these profound social, cultural and economic changes in mind, the evolution of this model is examined to determine whether it still responds to the varying needs and expectations of Indigenous individuals as well as to different sociolinguistic settings, since they may now be mostly passive or active bilinguals or even increasingly monolingual in the language of power. We look at intercultural bilingual education with the lens of language ideology, policy and planning, and also through educational ones. Its main contributions to public policy vis-à-vis cultural and linguistic diversity are outlined and looked through a twofold perspective, a top-down one characterising official intercultural bilingual education, and a bottom-up one resulting from Indigenous agency. We close with an analysis of the challenges and possible new horizons for intercultural bilingual education and other Indigenous political-pedagogical undertakings.

In a fast changing landscape of a globalized world and knowledge-driven economies, producing graduates with multiple competencies is critical as well as challenging for the universities. Given the growing importance of soft skills and their employability prospects, the present study draws on quantitative and qualitative data and examine soft skills of undergraduate students in four public universities of Pakistan. Total 426 students were participants in the survey questionnaire while 25 participated in interviews. Results show that although students' self-assessment of different soft skill shows high levels quantitatively; however, there still appears a wide gap between policies, classroom practices vis-à-vis achieving soft skills targets. Although the Higher Education Commission Pakistan (HEC) incorporates soft skills in curriculum; however, we find the lack of clear policy direction about integration of soft skills in actual classroom teaching and practices. Noticeably, vital soft skills such as entrepreneurship and professional ethics are absent from the curriculum. We observe that without establishing a comprehensive policy framework and integration of soft skills in pedagogies, the graduating students are likely to encounter potential obstacles in finding reasonable jobs. Applying such framework could train students as a sustained and competent human resource, employable in the global economy.

O texto percorre, a partir da interpretação do federalismo à brasileira, a discussão no campo educacional sobre a necessidade ou não da organização de um único sistema de educação e apresenta novos formatos de cooperação federativa de cunho horizontal, a partir de algumas iniciativas contidas no arcabouço constitucional de cooperação nos níveis estaduais e municipais de educação.

In lieu of the K+12 curriculum which has been newly adopted in the Philippine Educational System to hopefully better the education of our country and of the stakeholders specifically students in depressed areas in this fast-changing world, the writer of this paper presents critical points on Philippine Educational System specifically on current problems on practices, teaching method, pedagogy, and student learning. For the most part of the paper, the writer presented problems through reflection and careful analysis of points backed up with some research. This paper does not create concepts or offer solutions but only presents problems and inquiries to create reflections, realization and inferences that might not have been thought of at these times due to too much familiarization with the current questionable teaching practices and mindset in the country nowadays. To simplify it, the end goal of this paper is to open the reader's mind to issues concerning Philippine Education today and to offer the reader a point of view regarding the issues discussed.