The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) is a decentralized, state-based project that aims to establish a disease surveillance system for timely public health action. It integrates disease surveillance at state and district levels, improves laboratory support, and provides training. The IDSP oversees surveillance of diseases like malaria, diarrhea, tuberculosis, measles, and more. It has a strong organizational structure from the national to district levels to monitor diseases and respond to outbreaks. The IDSP reporting system utilizes forms to report suspect, probable and confirmed disease cases weekly from health centers to the state and national levels.
The National Urban Health Mission was launched in India in 2013 to improve health access for urban populations, especially slum dwellers. It aims to cover state capitals and district headquarters. The mission focuses on improving public health through clean water, sanitation and disease control. It also aims to strengthen partnerships between communities, local governments, NGOs and private providers to improve health services and outcomes for vulnerable groups such as the homeless, migrants and sex workers. Key objectives include reducing infant and maternal mortality, improving immunization rates, and achieving health targets for programs addressing diseases, nutrition and other issues.
Polio is a viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in the spinal cord causing paralysis or muscle weakness to some part of the body.
Pulse Polio Programme was launched in 1995 after a resolution for a global initiative of polio eradication was adopted by World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988.
The document outlines India's National Anti-Malaria Programme. It discusses the history and evolution of malaria control efforts in India from the National Malaria Control Programme launched in 1953 up to current strategies. Key points include:
- Malaria is a major public health problem in India, with over 1 million cases reported in 2014.
- The National programme has had evolving objectives, strategies and projects over time in response to disease trends, including the National Malaria Control Programme, Enhanced Malaria Control Project, and current National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme.
- Control strategies have involved indoor residual spraying, early detection and treatment, insecticide policies, and strengthening institutional capacities. Nurses play a role in detection
The National Tuberculosis Control Programme and Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme were implemented in India to deal with the tuberculosis problem. The objectives are to reduce infection rates through case detection, treatment, and BCG vaccination. In the 1990s, the programmes suffered from management issues and inadequate funding. The RNTCP adopted the DOTS strategy recommended by the WHO to improve cure rates and case detection through direct observation of treatment. Treatment involves a two-phase regimen administered under direct observation at least initially. Nurses play an important role in treating TB patients through home visits, education, and contact screening.
This document provides an overview of the AIDS Control Programme in India. It discusses the structure and goals of the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), which aims to prevent further transmission of HIV and minimize socioeconomic impacts. The key components of NACP include targeted interventions for high-risk groups, expanding HIV testing and treatment nationwide, and scaling up prevention among the general population through strategies like promoting condom use and preventing parent-to-child transmission. NACP III (2007-2012) aimed to halt the HIV epidemic by increasing access to treatment while strengthening strategic information systems and capacity building.
India launched a large-scale polio immunization programme in 1995 cooperating with international institutions, state governments, and NGOs to eradicate polio by vaccinating all children under 5 years old. While vaccination began in 1978 and expanded in the 1980s and 1990s, India saw its last case of wild poliovirus in West Bengal in 2011 and was declared polio-free by the WHO in 2012. The government implemented pulse polio immunization days along with surveillance and rapid response teams to achieve this goal with the help of millions of vaccinators and volunteers.
National tobacco control program (ntcp) in india AhmadAbdussalam1
The National Tobacco Control Program was launched in India in 2007-2008 in response to high tobacco use rates. It aims to reduce tobacco production and use, enforce advertising bans, help people quit, and implement the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The program is implemented through a three-tier structure at the national, state, and district levels. Activities include education, cessation services, enforcement of laws, and coordination with local governments. Evaluation found the program helped reduce tobacco use by over 8 million people between 2009-2010 and its second survey period.
The National Family Welfare Programme was launched in 1952 in India to promote family planning and improve maternal and child health. It provides reproductive healthcare services, conducts immunization programs, and distributes medical supplies and equipment to primary healthcare centers. The objectives are to reduce population growth, improve access to family planning services, and lower infant and maternal mortality rates. Services include antenatal, natal, and postnatal care for mothers; immunizations for children; family planning methods; and emergency obstetric care. The program aims to improve quality of life through these comprehensive welfare services.
Chapter 6.1 national tobacco control programNilesh Kucha
The National Tobacco Control Programme was launched in India by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2007-2008 during the 11th five year plan. It aims to increase awareness about the harms of tobacco, facilitate implementation of tobacco control laws, reduce tobacco production and supply, and help people quit tobacco through cessation centers. Currently implemented in 21 states covering 42 districts, it will eventually cover the entire country. The programme monitors implementation of COTPA and provides guidelines on tobacco control activities.
This document provides an overview of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in India. It discusses how tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through droplets. It outlines the history and weaknesses of previous tuberculosis programs in India. It then describes how the RNTCP was established in 1993 using the DOTS strategy to administer supervised treatment courses and improve diagnosis and case finding. The objectives, phases of implementation, and components of the RNTCP are summarized.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.
The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), launched in 1992, is being implemented as a comprehensive programme for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in India. Over time, the focus has shifted from raising awareness to behavior change, from a national response to a more decentralized response and to increasing involvement of NGOs and networks of PLHIV.
The National Leprosy Eradication Program (NLEP) in India aims to eliminate leprosy through early case detection and treatment. It provides free diagnosis and multi-drug therapy for leprosy patients. Major activities include case detection, disability prevention, awareness campaigns, and training of health workers. The global strategy for 2016-2020 aims for zero disabilities among new cases and less than 1 case of visible deformity per million people. New initiatives under NLEP include preventive treatment for contacts, a leprosy vaccine, a quarterly newsletter, GIS mapping of cases, and the SPARSH awareness campaign. The program focuses on eliminating leprosy nationwide through comprehensive care and community engagement.
The document discusses the history and ongoing efforts of the Pulse Polio immunization campaign in India. It was established in 1995-1996 to eliminate polio by vaccinating children under age 5. The campaign has faced difficulties including lack of infrastructure, funding and health services. Rumors have spread that the vaccines contain unsafe ingredients, but investigations found no evidence of this. The campaign aims to replace wild poliovirus and vaccinate all children under 5 through intensified immunization programs. Future benefits of eradicating polio globally include saving lives and funds that can be used for other health priorities.
Primary health centers (PHCs) are the basic structural and functional unit of public health services in rural areas. PHCs provide primary healthcare to populations of 20,000-30,000 people. They act as a referral unit for 6 subcenters and refer more serious cases to community health centers. PHCs have 4-6 beds for patients, diagnostic facilities, and staff including medical officers and nurses. They provide a range of primary healthcare services like maternal and child care, family planning, treatment of common illnesses, and health promotion activities.
Universal Immunization Program is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985.
It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) since 2005.
Program consists of vaccination for 12 diseases -
Tuberculosis
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus,
Poliomyelitis,
Measles,
Hepatitis B,
Diarrhea,
Japanese-Encephalitis,
Rubella,
Pneumonia
Pneumococcal diseases
The document summarizes India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). It details the history and evolution of the program from its inception in 1978 as the Expanded Programme of Immunization to its current form as UIP. Key aspects summarized include the strategy, policy, vaccines, cold chain logistics, injection safety practices, and implementation through public health centers across the country to provide vaccination coverage to millions of pregnant women and children annually.
The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) aims to establish a decentralized disease surveillance system in India to improve disease control. It integrates existing surveillance programs, coordinates surveillance activities, and establishes quality data collection, analysis, and feedback using information technology. The IDSP covers diseases like malaria, acute diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, and measles. It is implemented in phases across states and union territories of India and involves strengthening laboratories, training health professionals, and creating an IT network to link surveillance sites. The goal is to provide data to enable efficient public health decision making and interventions for priority diseases.
Integrated Diseases Surveillance Project - IDSP IndiaRizwan S A
The document provides an overview of the Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) in India. IDSP aims to establish a decentralized district-based system for surveillance of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Key aspects of IDSP include integrating existing disease surveillance, strengthening public health laboratories, using information technology, and developing human resources. IDSP implements syndromic, presumptive, and confirmed surveillance for various diseases. Information flows from the community level up through district, state, and national surveillance committees, which analyze data and coordinate response actions. New IDSP initiatives include an alert call center, e-learning modules, and a media scanning cell.
1. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) was launched in 2004 to establish a decentralized disease surveillance system in India to enable timely public health responses.
2. IDSP aims to integrate disease surveillance activities across national health programs, private sector organizations, and state governments.
3. The project works to detect disease outbreaks early through establishing surveillance units at central, state, and district levels that monitor for priority infectious diseases and public health events.
The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) was launched in 2004 with World Bank assistance to improve disease outbreak detection and response in India. It established a decentralized surveillance system from the national to district levels. Key components include syndromic surveillance, reporting of priority diseases, strengthening laboratories, and using information technology. However, integration with other health programs remains a challenge. Issues exist at the national, state, and district levels including staff shortages, lack of coordination, and underreporting that weaken disease surveillance. While IDSP established an important framework, ongoing efforts are needed for it to reach its full potential.
Role of Mobile technology in Disease SurveillanceIdeafarms
Data is an integral part of disease surveillance. Mobile technology can simplify and hasten the process of data capture, all the while, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of data.
As presented to the delegates of FBSA, Republic of Iraq
at the 124A Bilateral Training Programme of
International Centre for Information Systems and Audit (iCISA)
Cervical cancer is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries like Egypt where it is the second most common cancer in women. Screening is important for early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions to prevent the development of invasive cancer. The document discusses various screening methods for cervical cancer including cytology-based tests like Pap smears and HPV testing as well as visual inspection methods. It also reviews the prevalence of pre-cancerous lesions in Egypt and limitations of screening in low resource settings.
This document discusses the history and principles of primary health care. It began in 1978 with a conference that defined primary health care as health care that is accessible to all individuals through their participation and affordable for the community. The key aspects of primary health care are preventative services like immunizations, maternal/child care, and treatment of common diseases. It also emphasizes equitable access, community participation, coordination between sectors, and appropriate technology.
Revised national tuberculosis control programmeRavi Rohilla
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis (TB) control in India. It discusses the background and epidemiology of TB globally and in India. It describes India's National TB Control Programme established in 1962 and the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) launched in 1997, which applies the WHO-recommended DOTS strategy. The RNTCP aims to achieve 85% treatment success among new sputum-positive TB patients and detect at least 70% of estimated cases. It emphasizes standardized treatment regimens, quality-assured diagnosis, and direct observation of treatment.
This presentation deals with Primary Health Care in India. It describes in detail concept & characteristics of PHC. It focuses on structure, service delivery & challanges in front of Primary Health Care in India.
The document outlines standards for primary healthcare facilities in India called the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS). It discusses:
1) The need to establish standards to ensure a minimum level of quality, accountability, and effective healthcare delivery across primary care institutions in India.
2) The process used to develop the IPHS, which involved expert committees, stakeholder consultations, and revisions based on facility achievement and state needs.
3) The IPHS provide guidelines for infrastructure, services, manpower, and monitoring at different levels of primary care facilities - subcenters, primary health centers (PHCs), and community health centers (CHCs). Standards are tailored to available resources but aim to improve functionality over time.
The document discusses metrics for monitoring the cascade of HIV services across the continuum of care. It presents a conceptual framework showing the cascade from diagnosis to viral suppression. Key metrics are identified to measure progress at each stage, including the percentage of people living with HIV who know their status, are linked to care, initiated on antiretroviral therapy, and have achieved viral suppression. The metrics were field tested in two countries and found useful for program assessment. Challenges include data quality and capacity at the local level. Guidelines will be published in early 2014 to help countries use these metrics to identify gaps and improve program performance.
The document discusses anti-retroviral drug resistance in HIV. It notes that drug resistance is a major reason why HIV drugs stop being effective over time. It outlines steps India is taking to monitor and prevent drug resistance, including establishing a national committee on HIV drug resistance to develop surveillance strategies. Pilot sites for initial threshold surveys and drug resistance monitoring are proposed to provide initial data on transmission levels and resistance in patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Presentation on the results to date of the Federal Partnership for Patients (...Noel Eldridge
The document discusses national estimates of hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) in the United States before and after the launch of the Partnership for Patients initiative. It provides an overview of the initiative's goals to reduce HACs by 40% and readmissions by 20% by 2014. Interim analysis of data from 2010-2013 shows a 17% reduction in the HAC rate, avoiding an estimated 35,000 deaths and saving $8 billion in 2013. The analysis indicates progress toward the initiative's goals but notes limitations in the measurement methods.
The document discusses key concepts related to health management information systems including definitions of data, information, records, and information systems. It describes the components and purpose of health information systems in supporting decision making, policymaking, and evaluating health programs. The document also covers data sources, attributes, collection tools, and the different information needs at various decision making levels.
The document discusses Haemovigilance in India, including the objectives and organization of the Haemovigilance Programme of India (HvPI). It outlines the responsibilities of various components of HvPI, including blood centers, departments of transfusion medicine, and the National Coordinating Centre. It also discusses Donor Haemovigilance under HvPI, the process of reporting adverse donor reactions, and the roles of different organizations in donor vigilance. As of 2021-2022, over 13,000 adverse reactions had been reported through the HvPI system.
The document summarizes India's Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) Surveillance program. It provides an overview of the program's progress and initiatives. Key points include:
- The program was established in 1988 and has strengthened over time with revised guidelines, new reporting formats, and establishment of committees at national, state, and district levels.
- Reporting of serious AEFI cases has increased from around 300 annually in the early 2000s to over 700 cases in 2014, indicating improved surveillance sensitivity.
- Initiatives to further strengthen the program include establishing an AEFI Secretariat, appointing zonal consultants, and partnering with a technical center to provide support to states.
Presentation from the 3rd Joint Meeting of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) Networks, organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 11-13 February 2015
The document discusses the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) program in India. IMNCI aims to reduce infant and child mortality by improving child health, survival, and addressing malnutrition. It provides integrated care for newborns, infants, and children under 5 through training health workers, strengthening health systems, and improving family and community practices. Key components include training, improving access to essential medicines and referral systems, and promoting healthy behaviors through community engagement.
The document discusses various national health programs in India, including the National Family Welfare Program and the National AIDS Control Program. It provides details on the goals, approaches, and components of these programs over different five-year plans. For the National Family Welfare Program, it describes the targets and initiatives under different plans to reduce population growth and improve maternal and child health. For the National AIDS Control Program, it outlines the phases of the program and their objectives to slow the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Handouts iso standard for the application .pdfbayanrihawi95
This document discusses pharmacovigilance indicators that can be used to measure and evaluate pharmacovigilance systems. It presents a set of core indicators divided into structural, process, and outcome categories. The indicators were developed through consultation with pharmacovigilance experts and national centers over multiple years. The core set includes 27 indicators with additional complementary indicators. The indicators are designed to be simple, easy to measure, and applicable globally to assess pharmacovigilance systems and identify areas for improvement.
Validation studies are essential to accurately assess the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of point prevalence surveys (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Previous validation studies of PPS have shown varied results, underscoring the need for formal evaluations. Without validation, true HAI prevalence is unknown and differences between locations cannot be properly investigated. International organizations can help support national validation efforts to improve HAI surveillance.
The document outlines the evolution of India's pharmacovigilance program over time from 1986 to present. It began with proposals for regional adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring centers and eventually became the National Pharmacovigilance Program (PvPI) in 2004 with multiple zonal, regional, and peripheral centers. PvPI is administered by steering and advisory committees and collects ADR reports through over 250 ADR Monitoring Centers to analyze patterns and make regulatory recommendations. The role of monitoring centers is to collect, process, and report ADR data using the Vigiflow software system.
Overview of International Health Regulaiton - IHR 2005, AfghanistanIslam Saeed
International Health Regulation and its implementation in Afghanistan was prepared by Dr. islam Saeed, Director for Surveillance/DEWS in MoPH Afghanistan
The document summarizes a presentation on neurocognitive complications of HIV disease. The presentation was given at the UC San Diego AntiViral Research Center, which sponsors weekly presentations on infectious diseases research. The goal is to provide current research, clinical practices, and trends in diseases like HIV, HBV, HCV, and TB. The slides from this particular presentation on neurocognitive complications of HIV are intended for educational purposes of the audience and may not be used for other purposes without permission.
This document provides an overview of pharmacovigilance in India, including:
- The history of pharmacovigilance efforts in India from 1986 to the present.
- The objectives and goals of the current Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI), including establishing a nationwide safety reporting system and expanding electronic reporting.
- The roles and responsibilities of stakeholders like the National Coordinating Center, Advisory Monitoring Centers, and CDSCO in the PvPI.
Managing National Health: An Overview of Metrics & OptionsDale Sanders
This is a presentation that I gave at the annual international healthcare conference hosted by the Cayman Islands government. It summarizes the international standards and frameworks for planning and managing the health of a nation. One of the most fun parts of a very fun career was the time that I spent working and living in the Cayman Islands and serving as the CIO of the national health system. The Cayman Islands national health system sat at the intersection of three very influential healthcare ecosystems-- the United States, United Kingdom, and the Pan-American Healthcare Organization. As a result, I was fortunate enough to learn from these international settings and contrast that to the US healthcare system. Other healthcare systems tend to benchmark themselves internationally more so than the United States, where we tend to benchmark ourselves internally. Unfortunately, those internal US benchmarks are the lowest in the developed world by almost every measure of national health.
India has experienced rapid population growth over the last century, with its population increasing 5 times while the global population increased 3 times. Communicable diseases like acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, tuberculosis, and malaria remain major health issues. Mortality from communicable diseases has declined in recent years but non-communicable diseases like heart disease and cancer are becoming larger causes of death. Access to healthcare services like antenatal care is improving but still lags national averages, especially in rural areas.
The document discusses health expenditure and financing in India. It notes that over 80% of health expenditure is private, with nearly 97% coming from out-of-pocket payments. Public expenditure on health is below 1% of GDP. It highlights challenges around human resources, rural-urban disparities, and gaps between health policy and implementation. Economics can help address issues of scarce resources and alternative uses to improve allocative efficiency in the health sector.
- Male 1
- Female 1
Nurse 1
Lab Technician 1
ANM 2
Health Worker (F) 2
Health Assistant (M) 1
Total 11 14
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 37
Urban Health Services
- Urban Health Centers
- Dispensaries
- Maternity Homes
- Special Clinics
- Mobile Units
- School Health
- Environmental Sanitation
- Health Education
- Slum Health Programs
- Referral Services
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 38
This document discusses immunization and provides information on key terms, schedules, coverage rates, and barriers. It defines immunization as stimulating the immune system through antigens to induce immunity. The national immunization schedule in India is outlined which recommends vaccines for pregnant women, infants, and children at specific ages and doses. Coverage rates from 1985 to 2008 show improvements. Barriers to immunization mentioned include physical barriers like waiting time as well as socio-cultural factors. Herd immunity is described as resistance to disease spread when few members are susceptible.
The document discusses the history and development of health care infrastructure and human resources in India, with a focus on Rajasthan. It summarizes key milestones and policies related to public health in India since 1946. It provides data on the growth in primary health centers, community health centers, and other facilities in Rajasthan over time. It also presents statistics on health human resources in Rajasthan compared to India, noting shortages of doctors, dentists, and other personnel. The document concludes with information on medical and nursing education facilities in Rajasthan.
This document discusses epidemic preparedness and outbreak investigation. It defines epidemics and outbreaks, and explains why outbreaks occur and the importance of being prepared. Outbreak management involves anticipating, preventing, preparing for, detecting, responding to, and controlling disease outbreaks. Investigating outbreaks is important for implementing control measures, increasing knowledge of disease agents, providing training, and addressing public concerns. Epidemiological approaches to outbreak investigation include experimental and observational methods. Key steps in an outbreak investigation are establishing the existence of an outbreak, verifying diagnoses, defining and identifying cases, performing descriptive epidemiology, developing and evaluating hypotheses, and implementing control measures.
The document discusses quality assurance in healthcare, including defining quality, measuring it through indicators, improving quality through approaches like total quality management and continual improvement, and ensuring quality through principles like transparency, evidence-based practice, and accountability. It also addresses important dimensions of quality like safety, effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility, and patient-centeredness.
The document discusses various measures used to quantify disease occurrence and mortality rates. It defines key terms like prevalence, incidence, rates, ratios and standardized rates. Prevalence is a snapshot of disease at a point in time while incidence describes new cases occurring over time. Crude rates are calculated for the entire population while specific rates are for subpopulations. Standardized rates allow comparison between populations by adjusting for differences in age or other distributions. Methods like direct and indirect standardization are used to derive adjusted rates. Mortality data from vital statistics provides important public health indicators but has issues like accuracy of documentation and changing disease classifications over time.
This document discusses different types of epidemiological studies including descriptive studies, analytical studies, and experimental studies. Descriptive studies are divided into population studies and individual studies. Analytical studies include case-control studies and cohort studies. Key aspects of case-control and cohort study designs such as selection of cases/controls, sources of information, issues in analysis/interpretation, and strengths/weaknesses are described.
The document discusses concepts related to measuring associations between exposures and diseases in epidemiology. It defines different types of associations and measures of association, including relative risk, odds ratio, and attributable risk. It explains that an association between two variables does not necessarily imply causation and discusses several approaches used in epidemiology to help establish whether an observed association may be causal.
1) The document discusses surveillance in public health and describes its key components and purposes. Surveillance involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data to provide information for action.
2) An effective surveillance system is simple, flexible, timely, and produces high-quality data. It addresses an important public health problem and accomplishes its objectives of understanding disease trends, detecting outbreaks, and evaluating control measures.
3) The document outlines how to establish a surveillance system, including selecting priority diseases, defining standard case definitions, and developing regular reporting and data dissemination processes. Both passive and active surveillance methods are described.
The document discusses financial management guidelines under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India. It outlines the establishment of the Financial Management Group (FMG) to coordinate accounting procedures and ensure institutions follow FMG guidelines. It describes the fund flow process from central government to states to districts and below, and the various reporting requirements back up the chain including financial monitoring reports, utilization certificates, and audit reports. It also covers accounting tools and standards, and mechanisms to monitor funds.
This document discusses various methods for measuring disease frequency and occurrence in populations, including rates, ratios, proportions, prevalence, and incidence. It provides examples of how to calculate rates of prevalence and incidence. Prevalence is a measure of existing cases at a point in time, while incidence describes new cases occurring over time. Both are important for epidemiological research, disease surveillance, and health planning.
This document provides an overview of epidemiology and public health planning principles. It defines epidemiology as the study of distribution and determinants of health problems in populations and its application to control such problems. The key objectives of epidemiology are described as understanding disease causation, testing hypotheses, evaluating intervention programs, and informing public health administration. Effective public health planning requires defining goals, objectives, strategies, approaches, and approaches for monitoring and evaluation. Descriptive epidemiology involves observing the basic features of disease distribution by person, place, and time to identify problems and plan services. Developing hypotheses about potential causes involves interrogating usual suspects and looking for clues in patterns of who, where, and when individuals become ill.
The document discusses the dynamics of disease transmission. It identifies the key requirements for transmission which include an agent, a source of the agent, a means of exit from the host, a mode of transmission, a means of entry into a new host, and a susceptible host. It also describes various modes of transmission such as direct contact, airborne, vector-borne, indirect transmission through vehicles like water, food, blood, and organs. The document then discusses herd immunity and the conditions required for it to be effective in preventing disease spread in a population. It concludes by outlining various basic and targeted strategies that can be used to control diseases by blocking transmission through various means.
Screening involves applying a medical test to asymptomatic individuals to identify those at high risk of a disease. It aims to reduce disease burden through early detection and treatment before symptoms appear. For a disease to be suitable for screening, it must be life-threatening, treatable at an early stage, and have a high prevalence of pre-clinical cases. An ideal screening test is low-cost, easy to administer, valid, reliable, and reproducible. Screening programs must also be feasible and effective to justify their implementation.
The document discusses inter-sectoral convergence in healthcare. It explains that convergence is a process that facilitates different groups to work together for more efficient service delivery. Convergence can save time, build rapport, increase efficiency and reduce workload. It also discusses the need for convergence to ensure unity of purpose and promote teamwork. Some benefits of convergence include being more participative, economizing efforts, improving quality and avoiding duplication. The document outlines various types of convergence and constraints to inter-sectoral coordination. It provides examples of convergence between health and other sectors like women and child development, water and sanitation, and education.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was initiated in 1975 to improve nutritional and health status of children under 6 years, pregnant and lactating mothers. It provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health checkups, referral services, and non-formal preschool education. The scheme is implemented through Anganwadi centers by Anganwadi workers with support from helpers, ASHA workers, and the health department. Over the years it has expanded its coverage and enhanced services but continues to face issues like irregular food supply and lack of community participation.
The document discusses district health planning for program implementation plans (PIPs) in India. It provides guidance on conducting a situational analysis, setting objectives, defining strategies and activities, and establishing an institutional framework for convergent planning and action across different levels from village to district. The planning process involves assessing health needs, infrastructure, programs and community participation to identify priority problems and develop targeted, feasible and measurable plans.
The document discusses community monitoring under India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). It outlines the goals of improving access, availability, quality and equity in healthcare. Community monitoring is identified as one of the accountability frameworks under NRHM. It aims to make communities aware of their health entitlements and develop a shared understanding of health issues. The process involves forming village health and sanitation committees, conducting surveys, and using monitoring tools like village health report cards to provide feedback on healthcare services and gaps. The objective is to empower communities and facilitate a partnership between communities, health services and organizations.
Garbage In, Garbage Out: Why poor data curation is killing your AI models (an...Zilliz
Enterprises have traditionally prioritized data quantity, assuming more is better for AI performance. However, a new reality is setting in: high-quality data, not just volume, is the key. This shift exposes a critical gap – many organizations struggle to understand their existing data and lack effective curation strategies and tools. This talk dives into these data challenges and explores the methods of automating data curation.
Demystifying Neural Networks And Building Cybersecurity ApplicationsPriyanka Aash
In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have emerged as a cornerstone of artificial intelligence, revolutionizing various fields including cybersecurity. Inspired by the intricacies of the human brain, ANNs have a rich history and a complex structure that enables them to learn and make decisions. This blog aims to unravel the mysteries of neural networks, explore their mathematical foundations, and demonstrate their practical applications, particularly in building robust malware detection systems using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).
Finetuning GenAI For Hacking and DefendingPriyanka Aash
Generative AI, particularly through the lens of large language models (LLMs), represents a transformative leap in artificial intelligence. With advancements that have fundamentally altered our approach to AI, understanding and leveraging these technologies is crucial for innovators and practitioners alike. This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricacies of GenAI, from its foundational principles and historical evolution to its practical applications in security and beyond.
Mastering OnlyFans Clone App Development: Key Strategies for SuccessDavid Wilson
Dive into the critical elements of OnlyFans clone app development, from understanding user needs and designing engaging platforms to implementing robust monetization strategies and ensuring scalability. Discover how RichestSoft can guide you through the development process, offering expert insights and proven strategies to help you succeed in the competitive market of content monetization.
Latest Tech Trends Series 2024 By EY IndiaEYIndia1
Stay ahead of the curve with our comprehensive Tech Trends Series! Explore the latest technology trends shaping the world today, from the 2024 Tech Trends report and top emerging technologies to their impact on business technology trends. This series delves into the most significant technological advancements, giving you insights into both established and emerging tech trends that will revolutionize various industries.
Keynote : Presentation on SASE TechnologyPriyanka Aash
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) solutions are revolutionizing enterprise networks by integrating SD-WAN with comprehensive security services. Traditionally, enterprises managed multiple point solutions for network and security needs, leading to complexity and resource-intensive operations. SASE, as defined by Gartner, consolidates these functions into a unified cloud-based service, offering SD-WAN capabilities alongside advanced security features like secure web gateways, CASB, and remote browser isolation. This convergence not only simplifies management but also enhances security posture and application performance across global networks and cloud environments. Discover how adopting SASE can streamline operations and fortify your enterprise's digital transformation strategy.
DefCamp_2016_Chemerkin_Yury-publish.pdf - Presentation by Yury Chemerkin at DefCamp 2016 discussing mobile app vulnerabilities, data protection issues, and analysis of security levels across different types of mobile applications.
Develop Secure Enterprise Solutions with iOS Mobile App Development ServicesDamco Solutions
The security of enterprise apps should not be overlooked by organizations. Since these apps handle confidential finance/user data and business operations, ensuring greater security is crucial. That’s why, businesses should hire dedicated iOS mobile application development services providers for creating super-secured enterprise apps. By incorporating sophisticated security mechanisms, these developers make enterprise apps resistant to a range of cyber threats.
Content source - https://www.bizbangboom.com/articles/enterprise-mobile-app-development-with-ios-augmenting-business-security
Read more - https://www.damcogroup.com/ios-application-development-services
Welcome to Cyberbiosecurity. Because regular cybersecurity wasn't complicated...Snarky Security
How wonderful it is that in our modern age, every bit of our biological data can be digitized, stored, and potentially pilfered by cyber thieves! Isn't it just splendid to think that while scientists are busy pushing the boundaries of biotechnology, hackers could be plotting the next big bio-data heist? This delightful scenario is brought to you by the ever-expanding digital landscape of biology and biotechnology, where the integration of computer science, engineering, and data science transforms our understanding and manipulation of biological systems.
While the fusion of technology and biology offers immense benefits, it also necessitates a careful consideration of the ethical, security, and associated social implications. But let's be honest, in the grand scheme of things, what's a little risk compared to potential scientific achievements? After all, progress in biotechnology waits for no one, and we're just along for the ride in this thrilling, slightly terrifying, adventure.
So, as we continue to navigate this complex landscape, let's not forget the importance of robust data protection measures and collaborative international efforts to safeguard sensitive biological information. After all, what could possibly go wrong?
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This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the security implications biological data use. The analysis explores various aspects of biological data security, including the vulnerabilities associated with data access, the potential for misuse by state and non-state actors, and the implications for national and transnational security. Key aspects considered include the impact of technological advancements on data security, the role of international policies in data governance, and the strategies for mitigating risks associated with unauthorized data access.
This view offers valuable insights for security professionals, policymakers, and industry leaders across various sectors, highlighting the importance of robust data protection measures and collaborative international efforts to safeguard sensitive biological information. The analysis serves as a crucial resource for understanding the complex dynamics at the intersection of biotechnology and security, providing actionable recommendations to enhance biosecurity in an digital and interconnected world.
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The History of Embeddings & Multimodal EmbeddingsZilliz
Frank Liu will walk through the history of embeddings and how we got to the cool embedding models used today. He'll end with a demo on how multimodal RAG is used.
2. IDSP
Ø Decentralized, state based Project
Ø 5 year project with support from WB
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 2
3. Genesis of IDSP
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution
3
4. National Surveillance Program for
Comm. Diseases
Ø Pilot Launch-1997 in 5 Districts
Ø 20 districts added in 1997-98
Ø Another 20 in 1998-99
Ø 101 Districts, 35 States/ UT at end of 9th
Plan
Ø NICD-Nodal Agency
Ø Weekly Outbreak reporting from Districts
(including nil reporting) to the Centre.
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 3
5. Objectives
Ø Establish a decentralized system of
disease surveillance for timely and
effective public health action
Ø Improve the efficiency of disease
surveillance for use in health planning,
management and evaluating control
strategies
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 4
6. Components of IDSP
Ø Establish and Operate a Central-level
Disease Surveillance Unit
Ø Integrate and strengthen disease
surveillance at the state and district levels
Ø Improve laboratory support
Ø Training for disease surveillance and
action.
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7. Expected outcome
Ø Early detection of outbreaks
Ø Early institution of containment measures
Ø Reduction in morbidity & mortality
Ø Minimize economic loss
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8. NSPCD: Lessons
Ø Significantly improved the capacity of
districts and states.
Ø It was not case based reporting and did
not give a complete picture of disease
burden
Ø GoI not convinced to expand this
program to all 600 districts in the country
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 7
9. Strategy
Ø Surveil a limited number of health
conditions and risk factors
Ø Strengthen data quality, analysis and links
to action
Ø Improve laboratory support
Ø Train stakeholders in disease surveillance
Ø Coordinate and decentralize surveillance
activities
Ø Integrate disease surveillance at the state
and district levels
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 8
10. Diseases under IDSP
1. Regular Surveillance:
Ø Vector Borne Disease :Malaria
Ø Water Borne Disease :Acute Diarrheal
Disease(Cholera)
:Typhoid
Ø Respiratory Diseases :Tuberculosis
Ø VPDs :Measles
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 9
11. Diseases under eradication : Polio
Other Conditions : Road Traffic Accidents
Other International
commitments : Plague
Unusual clinical syndromes : Menigoencephalitis
/Respiratory
(Causing death /
hospitalization)
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 10
12. Dengue Hemorrhagic fevers and other
undiagnosed conditions
2. Sentinel Surveillance
STD/Blood borne : HIV/HBV, HCV
Other Conditions : Water Quality
: Outdoor Air Quality
(Large Urban centers)
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 11
13. 3. Regular periodic Community surveys:
NCD Risk Factors : Anthropometry,
Physical activity,
Blood Pressure,
Tobacco,
Nutrition,
Blindness
4. Additional State Priorities: Each state may
identify up to five additional conditions for
surveillance.
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14. Organizational structure
National Surveillance Committee
Central Surveillance Unit
State Surveillance Committee
State Surveillance Unit
District Surveillance Committee
District Surveillance Unit
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 13
15. Information flow
Weekly Surveillance System C.S.U.
Sub-Centres
Programme
Officers
P.H.C.s
S.S.U.
C.H.C.s Pvt. Practitioners
D.S.U.
Dist.Hosp. Nursing Homes
Private Hospitals
Medical.college
Private Labs.
Other Hospitals:
P.H.Lab. ESI, Municipal Corporate
Rly., Army etc. Hospitals
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 14
16. Linkages at Central level
Outbreak Investigation
& Rapid Response
W.H.O. E.M.R.
NCD Surveillance
MIS & Report
CSU
ICMR CBHI
NICD
National NACO
NVBDCP RNTCP RCH
Programs
Programme Monitoring
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 15
17. Strengths of IDSP
Ø Functional integration of surveillance
components of vertical programs
Ø Reporting of suspect, probable and
confirmed cases –Syndromic reporting
from periphery
Ø Strong IT component for data analysis
Ø Trigger levels for gradated response
Ø Action component in the reporting formats
Ø Streamlined flow of funds to the districts
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18. Key performance Indicators
Ø Number and percentage of districts
providing monthly surveillance reports
on time – by state and overall
Ø Number and percentage of responses
to disease-specific triggers on time - by
state and overall
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19. Ø Number and percentage of responses
to disease-specific triggers assessed
to be adequate - by state and overall
Ø Number and percentage of
laboratories providing adequate
quality of information – by state and
center;
Ø Number of districts in which private
providers are contributing to disease
information
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20. Ø Number of reports derived from private
health care providers;
Ø Number of reports derived from private
laboratories;
Ø Number and % of states in which
surveillance information relating to
various vertical disease control
programs have been integrated
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21. Ø Number and % of project districts and
states publishing annual surveillance
reports
Ø Publication by CSU of consolidated
annual surveillance report
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22. IDSP reporting
Ø Form ‘S’ (Suspect Cases) by Health
Workers (Sub Centres)
Ø Form ‘P’ (Probable Cases) by Doctors
(PHC, CHC, Hospitals)
Ø Form ‘L’ (Lab Confirmed Cases) from
Laboratories
Ø Frequency of reporting – weekly (Monday
to Sunday)
Ø Data compilation/analysis and response
should be at all levels. Presently at
State/District/Block level 12- 15 Outbreaks
reported every week.
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23. New initiatives under IDSP
Alerts through IDSP call center:
Ø Call Centre operational with 1075 toll
free number since February 2008
Ø Call received as on 8th October 2008 :
18,872
Ø No. of Health Alerts : 60
Ø Led to detection of 5 outbreaks
(Cholera, Acute Diarrheal Disease and
Chickenpox)
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24. e-learning:
Ø The objective of e-learning is to
enhance the skills to a wide arena of
health personnel.
Ø Proposed components:
Ø Discussion Forums
Ø Online Survey & Assessment
Ø Feedback
Ø FAQs
Ø Currently e-learning modules are
being prepared.
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25. Media Scanning Cell
Objective:
ØTo provide the supplemental
information about outbreaks
Method:
ØNational and local newspapers,
Internet surfing, TV channel
screening for news item on disease
occurrence
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26. Benefits of Media Scanning:
ØIncreases the sensitivity &
strengthen the surveillance
system
ØProvide early warning of
occurrence of clusters of diseases
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27. Thank You
For more details log on to
www. sihfwrajasthan.com
or
contact : Director-SIHFW
on
sihfwraj@yahoo.co.in