The document discusses key concepts related to health management information systems including definitions of data, information, records, and information systems. It describes the components and purpose of health information systems in supporting decision making, policymaking, and evaluating health programs. The document also covers data sources, attributes, collection tools, and the different information needs at various decision making levels.
The document discusses health management information systems (HMIS) which provide timely and reliable information to health managers to support decision making. It notes that HMIS collects data through routine reports from various levels of the health system from village to national. The data is used to monitor operations, evaluate programs, and assess community needs. In India, HMIS collects data through standardized registers at subcenters which are compiled into monthly reports sent to higher levels. Computerized HMIS projects now allow for online tracking of health services provided to beneficiaries. Regular supervision and community involvement help ensure accurate and useful information.
This document discusses health information systems, including electronic medical records (EMRs), electronic health records (EHRs), and radiology information systems (RIS). It provides an overview of Bumrungrad Hospital's implementation of a new information system and discusses some of the challenges they faced. Key topics covered include the differences between EMRs and EHRs, challenges of implementing EMRs such as high costs and ensuring confidentiality, and how RIS is used to store and distribute radiological data and manage patient workflow in radiology departments.
This document defines health human resources (HHR) as people engaged in actions to enhance health, according to the WHO. HHR is a core building block of health systems and includes physicians, nurses, community health workers and more. Effective HHR has proper workforce training, size/distribution, addresses migration issues, and fosters collaboration and continuous learning. Governments can sustain HHR through compensation strategies, creating a supportive work environment, workforce planning, regulatory bodies, and ensuring career progression. Task shifting and mobile healthcare help increase access to care where resources are limited.
This document provides an overview of India's health system, including its historical evolution, key components, goals, and models of health care delivery. It discusses the health system at the central, state, and local levels in India. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health programs and services. Implementation occurs at the state level through state health ministries and departments. Health care services are then delivered through a three-tiered system at the district, block, and village levels. The document also examines concepts of health systems, methods of financing, and challenges faced.
This document provides an overview of conceptual frameworks for understanding health systems. It defines a health system as all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. It discusses several frameworks developed by the WHO and others to conceptualize the different components, actors and relationships within health systems. It acknowledges that health systems are complex and dynamic, with unpredictable paths of implementation for interventions. The document emphasizes that health systems should be viewed holistically as interconnected systems centered around people.
Intorduction to Health information system presentationAkumengwa
This document outlines the importance and components of a health information system (HIS). It defines an HIS as an information processing and storage subsystem of a healthcare organization. The importance of an HIS is that it produces information needed by various stakeholders to better manage health programs and services, detect health problems, and monitor progress towards health goals. The key components of an HIS include inputs like resources, processes like data collection and management, and outputs like information products and dissemination. The document also discusses assessing an HIS using the Health Metrics Network tool and provides an example assessment of Cameroon's HIS.
The document summarizes several national health policies of India, including the National Health Policy of 1983, 2002, and 2010. It outlines the goals of each policy, such as eradicating polio and other diseases, reducing mortality from tuberculosis, and increasing access to healthcare facilities. It also discusses the National Nutrition Policy and National Education Policy of India.
The document outlines standards for primary healthcare facilities in India called the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS). It discusses:
1) The need to establish standards to ensure a minimum level of quality, accountability, and effective healthcare delivery across primary care institutions in India.
2) The process used to develop the IPHS, which involved expert committees, stakeholder consultations, and revisions based on facility achievement and state needs.
3) The IPHS provide guidelines for infrastructure, services, manpower, and monitoring at different levels of primary care facilities - subcenters, primary health centers (PHCs), and community health centers (CHCs). Standards are tailored to available resources but aim to improve functionality over time.
Human Resource for Health (HRH) refers to all people engaged in actions that enhance health, including clinical staff, public health professionals, researchers, community health workers, and health management personnel. HRH is critical for achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development goals. Key HRH indicators tracked by WHO include the number of health workers per 10,000 population and their distribution by occupation, region, workplace, and gender. Nepal faces significant shortages and maldistribution of HRH compared to WHO recommendations, with only 16 health workers per 10,000 people and most located in the hills, despite half the population living in the Terai. Strengthening HRH production and deployment is vital to improving health system access and quality in Nepal.
This document discusses health care financing in India. It defines health care financing as mobilizing and allocating funds for specific health services and payment mechanisms. India relies heavily on private out-of-pocket spending for health care, with only about 10% having health insurance. Major challenges include linking insurance to employment when most work is informal, and excluding many poor from coverage. Community-based financing models show promise in providing social inclusion and financial protection. The conclusion calls for recognizing the role of health economists and addressing health financing within broader governance, economic, educational, and social contexts.
The general shift from acute infectious and deficiency diseases characteristic of underdevelopment to chronic non-communicable diseases characteristic of modernization and advanced levels of development is usually referred to as the "epidemiological transition".
A health management information system (HMIS) is defined as a system for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating data regarding health programs and patient health over time. An HMIS aims to provide reliable health information to administrators and officers to inform policies and improve health management, programs, and efficiency. It does so through identifying health indicators, collecting data from various sources, processing the data, and ensuring its use for decision making.
Human resource management in the health sector involves recruiting, developing, and retaining qualified personnel. It requires planning and forecasting to determine staffing needs, recruiting and selecting candidates, providing training and developing skills, managing performance, and ensuring fair compensation, career opportunities, and work-life balance to reduce attrition. Effective HR practices are especially important in health care due to the variety of roles needed, high costs of training, and continuously evolving nature of medical knowledge and standards of care.
Health information systems (HIS) allow for the optimization of healthcare information acquisition, storage, retrieval, and usage. Key advantages of HIS include centralized data access across locations, increased efficiency through easy access to patient records and test results, improved security and confidentiality of patient data, increased storage capabilities, and improved accuracy through automated flagging of abnormal test results. However, HIS implementation presents disadvantages as well, most notably very high upfront and ongoing costs. Learning new systems also presents a learning curve challenge for some. On balance, the advantages of data access, efficiency, and patient care improvements provided by HIS are worth the costs.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: NepalHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
1. The study evaluated a community-based intervention for dengue control in Cuba that strengthened intersectoral coordination and community empowerment.
2. Surveys found that levels of community participation and positive behavioral changes increased more in pilot areas with the coordination and empowerment interventions compared to the control area.
3. Entomological surveillance data showed that the pilot and extension areas achieved lower Breteau indices, indicating greater effectiveness at controlling the Aedes mosquito, compared to the control area over the six-year period.
Hospital Information Management System 24092010Seema Kavatkar
This document provides an overview of a Hospital Information System (HIS). It discusses the key modules of an HIS including patient registration, appointment scheduling, admissions/discharges/transfers, doctor and nursing workbenches, pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, billing and more. The document also covers standards implemented in HIS like SNOMED and HIPAA. It notes that an HIS helps hospitals provide better quality care through integration of administrative, financial and clinical systems and increases productivity through reduced paperwork. Major HIS vendors are also mentioned.
An Introduction To Community Medicine (Basic Definitions) | SurgicoMed.comMukhdoom BaharAli
Community Medicine is the new branch of medicine recently added with a concept to provide
health all of the community as it is the basic right of the community. Community Medicine may
be defined as;
“Community Medicine is a system of delivery of comprehensive health care to the people by a
health team in order to improve the health of community.” (WHO Definition)
Medical records file clerk job description, Medical records file clerk goals & objectives, Medical records file clerk KPIs & KRAs, Medical records file clerk self appraisal
This document provides an overview of principles of multimedia including definitions of multimedia, its characteristics, applications, building blocks, and relationship with the internet. It also discusses topics like multimedia architecture, user interfaces, hardware support, distributed multimedia applications, streaming technologies, multimedia databases, authoring tools, and multimedia document standards.
Analysis of statistical data in heath information managementSaleh Ahmed
This document discusses analysis of statistical data in health information management. It defines key terms like statistics, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics. It describes the different types of health statistics including vital statistics, morbidity statistics, and health service statistics. It also discusses how to calculate rates like crude rates and specific rates that are important measures for analyzing health data. Finally, it covers different methods for presenting statistical data, including tables, graphs, pie charts and histograms. The overall aim is to emphasize the importance of properly collecting, analyzing and presenting health statistics for effective healthcare planning and decision making.
REF Green, M. A. and Bowie, M. J. (2005). Essentials of Health Information Management, Principles and Practices. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. ISBN: 9780766845022.
Recommended Reference
At the end of this chapter, the student must be able to:
Identify significant events in medicine for the prehistoric, ancient, medieval, and renaissance time periods
Explain medical discoveries associated with modern medicine
■ Summarize the evolution of health care delivery in Saudi Arabia
Discuss the differences among primary, secondary, and tertiary care
Differentiate the types of hospital ownership
Compare the roles of a hospital governing board and administration
Name and describe medical specialties
Explain the various medical staff membership categories
Delineate the responsibilities of medical staff committees
List hospital departments, and explain the function of each
Detail services a health information management department performs
Provide examples of contract services for health information management
List hospital committees, and describe the function of each
Discuss differences among licensure, regulation, and accreditation of health care facilities
Distinguish among accrediting organizations, and identify types of health care facilities accredited by each
This document discusses performance reviews in an Agile environment. It recommends setting both individual goals that are adapted to being part of an Agile team, as well as shared team goals. The individual goals should focus on areas like involvement in requirements, cross-functional tasks, and expanding knowledge, while team goals focus on deliverables, quality, and continuous improvement. Both individual and team goals should be set collaboratively.
A hospital management information system (HMIS) provides:
1) A secure environment for electronic access and sharing of patient records and transactions across hospital departments.
2) Quick response for administrators to improve operational control.
3) Evaluation of hospital performance, costs, and long-term forecasts.
The document discusses the hospital information system (HIS) used by Fortis hospitals. It provides details on the key modules of the HIS, including housekeeping, nursing, pharmacy, and patient registration. It identifies gaps in the current system and provides recommendations, such as integrating radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to track assets and patients to improve efficiency. The use of tablets connected to the HIS is also recommended to enable electronic medical records at the point of care.
Management information system in health careNewNurseMaria
A health management information system is a computerized system for collecting and storing patient health data to help manage healthcare programs and facilities. It allows healthcare providers to securely access and update patient records electronically. Effective health information systems require integrating data from various departments like medical records, billing, laboratories, and nursing to provide complete patient information and improve care delivery.
"Medical Doctors are Poor Managers". This presentation has tried to do brainstorming for them how to operate as better Health Managers. Leaders lead from the Front. Managers control from the Behind. A Doctor in a facility needs to play the role of both Leader as well as Manager.
The document discusses the purpose and goals of risk management in healthcare organizations. It aims to enhance patient safety and minimize financial losses through risk identification, evaluation and prevention. It also helps ensure compliance with regulatory standards. An effective risk management program has a formal structure, integrates risk and quality departments, and guarantees confidential reporting to improve safety and reduce future incidents.
This document provides an overview and requirements for developing a Hospital Management System. It describes collecting both primary and secondary data. Key objectives of the system are to computerize patient and hospital details, schedule appointments and services, update medical store inventory, handle test reports, and keep patient information up-to-date. The system will have modules for login, patients, doctors, billing, and generating reports. It will use a relational database with tables for patient, doctor, room, and bill details.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts such as data, information, and systems. It explains that an MIS is a system for collecting, processing, storing, and distributing data to managers within an organization. The main outputs of an MIS are scheduled reports, key indicator reports, demand reports, and exception reports. These help managers monitor performance and make decisions. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to MIS, covering essential elements like the relationship between data, information, and systems.
This document discusses the importance of health information systems (HIS) and how to assess them. It defines HIS as information processing and storage systems that can be within a single institution or across multiple healthcare organizations. HIS are important because they produce data needed by various stakeholders to better manage health services and monitor progress towards health goals. The key components of an HIS include inputs, processes, outputs, and dissemination/use of information. Basic steps for assessing an HIS involve forming terms of reference, collecting and reviewing data, identifying indicators, designing assessment tools, analyzing results, and making recommendations. The document also provides an example assessment of Cameroon's HIS using the WHO Health Metrics Network framework.
Introduction to Routine Health Information System SlidesSaide OER Africa
Introduction to Routine Health Information System was created for undergraduate and postgraduate health science students to introduce them to the concepts and methods of routine health information systems.
The learning objectives are to help users explain the roles of routine health information systems (RHIS) in health service management; examine strategies used to improve routine health information systems; acquaint with skills to carry out the process of improving RHIS performance; discuss three categories of determinants that influence RHIS.
Healthcare institutions are aggressively moving towards meeting compliance with MU1 and MU2 with the implementation of full-featured Electronic Health Records. Concomitantly, there will be a massive increase in the amount of clinical data captured electronically. Business intelligence (BI) which traditionally has focused on financial data can be leveraged to use clinical data to support providers in delivering high quality, efficient care. In addition, BI coupled with population health analytics can help meet many Accountable Care Organization needs. This presentation will discuss the Denver Health journey in using BI in a variety of was to facilitate the attainment of high quality care.
The document discusses strategies for ensuring quality of health care data in Canada. It provides an overview of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), which collects health data from various partners across Canada. Data quality challenges include CIHI being a secondary data collector and variability among data providers. CIHI addresses this through a data quality framework involving assessment, implementation, and documentation. It also produces data quality reports and studies to evaluate accuracy, comparability, and other metrics. The goal is to improve health policy, management, and public awareness through high quality data.
The document discusses ensuring quality of health care data from a Canadian perspective. It provides an overview of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), which collects health data from various partners across Canada. CIHI faces challenges as a secondary data collector, dealing with varying standards and incomplete data reporting. The document outlines CIHI's strategies to ensure data quality, including its data quality framework, quality reports and studies, and techniques for communicating data quality to different audiences.
1) The role of health care data analysts is evolving as the volume of available data grows exponentially. With zettabytes of data being generated, analysts must make sense of both structured and unstructured information.
2) Data analytics can provide insights to improve patient outcomes, lower costs, and enhance the health care experience. Examples show how visualizing data helps health systems better understand utilization and identify at-risk patients.
3) As incentives shift from fee-for-service to value-based models, health systems must transform to focus on population health. Advanced analytics and predictive modeling will be crucial to achieving the goals of better care, lower costs, and improved health.
The document discusses district health planning for program implementation plans (PIPs) in India. It provides guidance on conducting a situational analysis, setting objectives, defining strategies and activities, and establishing an institutional framework for convergent planning and action across different levels from village to district. The planning process involves assessing health needs, infrastructure, programs and community participation to identify priority problems and develop targeted, feasible and measurable plans.
Reviewing the Healthcare Analytics Adoption Model: A Roadmap and Recipe for A...Health Catalyst
Dale Sanders provides an update on the Healthcare Analytics Adoption Model. Dale published the first version of this model in 2002, calling it the Analytics Capability Maturity Model. The three intentions at that time are the same as they are today: 1) Provide healthcare leaders with a clear roadmap for the progression of analytic maturity in their organization. 2) Provide vendors with a roadmap to meet the analytic needs of clients. 3) Create a common framework to benchmark the progressive adoption of analytics at the industry level.
In 2012, Dale co-published a new version of the Model with Dr. Denis Protti, rebranding it the Healthcare Analytics Adoption Model and purposely borrowing from the widespread adoption of the EMR Adoption Model (EMRAM) published and supported by HIMSS. In 2015, Dale transferred the model under a creative commons copyright to HIMSS to create a vendor-independent industry standard that is now widely applied to support the original three intentions. He continues to collaborate with HIMSS to progress the Model.
During this webinar, Dale:
-Reviews the current state of the Health Catalyst Model, including recent changes that advocate a ninth level—direct-to-patient analytics and AI.
-Shares his observations of maturity in the market.
-Provides an update on the current state of the HIMSS Adoption Model for Analytic Maturity.
The document proposes a Health Management Information System (HMIS) to improve healthcare across the state. The objectives are to provide structured health management, increase institutional deliveries and immunizations, track diseases, and increase health awareness. The HMIS would include modules for hospitals, clinics, health centers, and national health programs. It would allow centralized data collection and reporting to help plan resources and monitor health programs. The proposed system aims to make processes more transparent, communication faster, and scale the system statewide using web technologies.
PYA Highlights Next Steps of Meaningful UsePYA, P.C.
At the 2013 AICPA Healthcare Industry Conference, PYA Principal David McMillan and Senior Manager Chris Wilson recently explored the “new normal” of meaningful use as compliance and strategic standards in new care/reimbursement-model development.
Healthcare Analytics Adoption Model -- UpdatedHealth Catalyst
The Healthcare Analytics Adoption Model is the result of a collaboration of healthcare industry veterans over the last 15 years. The model borrows lessons learned from the HIMSS EMR Adoption Model, and describes an analogous approach for assessing the adoption of analytics in healthcare.
The Healthcare Analytics Adoption Model provides:
1) A framework for evaluating the industry’s adoption of analytics
2) A roadmap for organizations to measure their own progress toward analytic adoption
3) A framework for evaluating vendor products
This Analytics Adoption Model will enable healthcare organizations to fully understand and leverage the capabilities of analytics and so achieve the ultimate goal that has eluded most provider organizations – that of improving the quality of care while lowering costs and enhancing clinician and patient satisfaction.
Microsoft in Healthcare Analytics Georgia HIMSS Perficient, Inc.
This document discusses Microsoft's partnership with Perficient and how they help healthcare organizations with business intelligence and analytics using the Microsoft stack. It provides examples of two customer engagements: Meriter Health Systems implemented a cost containment dashboard and integrated clinical and financial systems using Microsoft technologies. DuPage Medical Group leveraged their existing SQL Server infrastructure to encourage self-service reporting and provide advanced analytics capabilities. The document concludes with Perficient's expertise in BI strategies, design, architecture, implementation, education and various disciplines like data integration and warehousing, reporting and analytics.
PADDI - A business intelligence and data quality platform for Piedmont healthGiuliana Bonello
This presentation highlights CSI experience on the PADDI Program. The project is the integration of all data belonging to health management systems into a Enterprise Data Warehouse. This integration is the result of the implementation of data cleansing services and decisional systems and it enables regional health authorities to appropriately supervise health policies within their territories
The document discusses Health Management Information Systems (HMIS), including:
- The objectives and benefits of HMIS in health services management.
- The key components and purpose of HMIS including data collection, storage, analysis and use for management decisions.
- Examples of indicators and data sources used in HMIS.
- The six steps involved in restructuring health MIS, such as identifying information needs and developing data collection instruments.
- Ways to enhance the use of information in decision-making, including improving data quality and communication between data collectors and managers.
The document outlines the principles and objectives of the Metadata and Data Standards (MDDS) initiative in India, which aims to promote e-governance by making IT systems interoperable. It discusses the formation of the MDDS Health Domain Committee to develop standards for the health sector. The committee's tasks include identifying common data elements, studying global standards, and developing standards and code directories. The document also describes the MDDS health domain report, which defines data elements, code directories and metadata to establish interoperability standards for health IT systems in India.
While Healthcare 1.0 was broadly defined by a focus on defensive medicine, billing, and fee-for-service, culminating in the mass adoption of EMRs, Healthcare 2.0 is a new wave focused on improving clinical efficiency, quality of care, affordability, and fee-for-value; culminating in a new age of healthcare analytics. This new age of analytics will require a new set of organizational skills and a foundational set of analytic information systems that many executives have not anticipated.
Join Dale Sanders, a 20-year healthcare CIO veteran and the industry's leading analytics expert, as he discusses his lessons learned, best practices in analytics, and what the C-level suite needs to know about this topic, now. Listen to Dale discuss 1) A step-by-step curriculum for analytic adoption and maturity in healthcare organizations, 2) the basic approach to a late-binding data warehouse, 3) pros and cons of early versus late binding, 4) the volatility in vocabulary and business rules in healthcare, 5) how to engineer your data to accommodate volatility in the future
The document discusses healthcare analytics and data management. It begins by outlining the typical evolution of data collection, sharing, and analysis that occurs in industries. It then discusses key principles for healthcare analytics including regularly evaluating goals, measures, and how to achieve them. The remainder of the document discusses challenges around data binding, governance, and adoption models for healthcare analytics. It emphasizes the importance of analytics for return on investment and outlines strategic options and considerations for healthcare organizations evaluating their analytic capabilities.
The alphabet soup of clinical quality measures reporting and reimbursement 2...Bill Presley
CMS is transitioning to what the they call "a new and more responsive regulatory framework" for quality reporting and reimbursement. CMS goals are "…electronic health records helping physicians, clinicians, and hospitals to deliver better care, smarter spending, and healthier people". Over the next couple years, we will see a transformation of fee for service into value-based care models driven by the VBP, Quality Payment Program, MACRA, Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) and Alternative Payment Models (APM). Healthcare organizations will no longer be motivated by implementing and meeting Meaningful Use, but instead will be driven by value-based care and risk-based payment models that focus on quality outcomes for reimbursements.
In this Education Session we will review:
• How CMS is aligning clinical quality measures (CQMs) to reduce the reporting burden for healthcare organizations and providers. We will cover the vision and goals for achieving quality alignment for CMS.
• We will dive into the following CMS reporting programs and how they interact with each other: Value-Based Purchasing (VBP), Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA), Merit-based Incentive Payments (MIPS), Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR), The Joint Commission (ORYX), Outpatient Quality Reporting (OQR), and Alternative Payment Models (APM).
• How the Eligible Hospital and Eligible Professional reimbursement models will change in 2017 and going forward.
• Compare and contrast the requirements for quality measure reporting and identify strategies to ensure compliance.
• The potential impact to hospital reimbursement of current and proposed programs that will affect quality reporting for hospitals and providers.
• How to improve efficiency and quality by aligning measures across initiatives.
• Where to find current information (and breaking news) on each of these Quality Initiatives.
In the past, organizations participating in quality reporting initiatives involved abstractors sifting through a small sample set of unstructured data in paper charts to then manually convert their findings to discrete reportable data. This approach is time consuming and requires extensive amount of resources from both IT and Quality staff. Aligning quality initiatives can improve efficiencies and processes, and contribute to population health management efforts, both locally and nationally.
At the conclusion of this presentation, attendees will be able to apply what they’ve learned about aligning Clinical Quality Measures across initiatives specific to their organization to improve reimbursements, reduce their reporting burden, increase efficiencies, and realize the benefits of Population Health Management.
If you are responsible for hospital quality, IT, clinical quality measure initiatives or have a vested interest in making sure your organization is aligning quality measures reporting, this informational session is a must.
Enhancing Competitive Advantage through Improved HEDIS Reporting and NCQA Rat...CitiusTech
The objective of this document is to provide a high level understanding of the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS), which is a tool used by more than 90 percent of America's health plans to measure performance on important dimensions of care and service. This document helps in understanding different components of the HEDIS in terms of the measure sets (what it is meant for health plans, changes to the previous year), different methods of collecting data for HEDIS and key requirements for reporting HEDIS
India has experienced rapid population growth over the last century, with its population increasing 5 times while the global population increased 3 times. Communicable diseases like acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, tuberculosis, and malaria remain major health issues. Mortality from communicable diseases has declined in recent years but non-communicable diseases like heart disease and cancer are becoming larger causes of death. Access to healthcare services like antenatal care is improving but still lags national averages, especially in rural areas.
The document discusses health expenditure and financing in India. It notes that over 80% of health expenditure is private, with nearly 97% coming from out-of-pocket payments. Public expenditure on health is below 1% of GDP. It highlights challenges around human resources, rural-urban disparities, and gaps between health policy and implementation. Economics can help address issues of scarce resources and alternative uses to improve allocative efficiency in the health sector.
- Male 1
- Female 1
Nurse 1
Lab Technician 1
ANM 2
Health Worker (F) 2
Health Assistant (M) 1
Total 11 14
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 37
Urban Health Services
- Urban Health Centers
- Dispensaries
- Maternity Homes
- Special Clinics
- Mobile Units
- School Health
- Environmental Sanitation
- Health Education
- Slum Health Programs
- Referral Services
SIHFW: an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Institution 38
This document discusses immunization and provides information on key terms, schedules, coverage rates, and barriers. It defines immunization as stimulating the immune system through antigens to induce immunity. The national immunization schedule in India is outlined which recommends vaccines for pregnant women, infants, and children at specific ages and doses. Coverage rates from 1985 to 2008 show improvements. Barriers to immunization mentioned include physical barriers like waiting time as well as socio-cultural factors. Herd immunity is described as resistance to disease spread when few members are susceptible.
The document discusses the history and development of health care infrastructure and human resources in India, with a focus on Rajasthan. It summarizes key milestones and policies related to public health in India since 1946. It provides data on the growth in primary health centers, community health centers, and other facilities in Rajasthan over time. It also presents statistics on health human resources in Rajasthan compared to India, noting shortages of doctors, dentists, and other personnel. The document concludes with information on medical and nursing education facilities in Rajasthan.
This document discusses epidemic preparedness and outbreak investigation. It defines epidemics and outbreaks, and explains why outbreaks occur and the importance of being prepared. Outbreak management involves anticipating, preventing, preparing for, detecting, responding to, and controlling disease outbreaks. Investigating outbreaks is important for implementing control measures, increasing knowledge of disease agents, providing training, and addressing public concerns. Epidemiological approaches to outbreak investigation include experimental and observational methods. Key steps in an outbreak investigation are establishing the existence of an outbreak, verifying diagnoses, defining and identifying cases, performing descriptive epidemiology, developing and evaluating hypotheses, and implementing control measures.
The document discusses quality assurance in healthcare, including defining quality, measuring it through indicators, improving quality through approaches like total quality management and continual improvement, and ensuring quality through principles like transparency, evidence-based practice, and accountability. It also addresses important dimensions of quality like safety, effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility, and patient-centeredness.
The document discusses various measures used to quantify disease occurrence and mortality rates. It defines key terms like prevalence, incidence, rates, ratios and standardized rates. Prevalence is a snapshot of disease at a point in time while incidence describes new cases occurring over time. Crude rates are calculated for the entire population while specific rates are for subpopulations. Standardized rates allow comparison between populations by adjusting for differences in age or other distributions. Methods like direct and indirect standardization are used to derive adjusted rates. Mortality data from vital statistics provides important public health indicators but has issues like accuracy of documentation and changing disease classifications over time.
This document discusses different types of epidemiological studies including descriptive studies, analytical studies, and experimental studies. Descriptive studies are divided into population studies and individual studies. Analytical studies include case-control studies and cohort studies. Key aspects of case-control and cohort study designs such as selection of cases/controls, sources of information, issues in analysis/interpretation, and strengths/weaknesses are described.
The document discusses concepts related to measuring associations between exposures and diseases in epidemiology. It defines different types of associations and measures of association, including relative risk, odds ratio, and attributable risk. It explains that an association between two variables does not necessarily imply causation and discusses several approaches used in epidemiology to help establish whether an observed association may be causal.
1) The document discusses surveillance in public health and describes its key components and purposes. Surveillance involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data to provide information for action.
2) An effective surveillance system is simple, flexible, timely, and produces high-quality data. It addresses an important public health problem and accomplishes its objectives of understanding disease trends, detecting outbreaks, and evaluating control measures.
3) The document outlines how to establish a surveillance system, including selecting priority diseases, defining standard case definitions, and developing regular reporting and data dissemination processes. Both passive and active surveillance methods are described.
The document discusses financial management guidelines under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India. It outlines the establishment of the Financial Management Group (FMG) to coordinate accounting procedures and ensure institutions follow FMG guidelines. It describes the fund flow process from central government to states to districts and below, and the various reporting requirements back up the chain including financial monitoring reports, utilization certificates, and audit reports. It also covers accounting tools and standards, and mechanisms to monitor funds.
This document discusses various methods for measuring disease frequency and occurrence in populations, including rates, ratios, proportions, prevalence, and incidence. It provides examples of how to calculate rates of prevalence and incidence. Prevalence is a measure of existing cases at a point in time, while incidence describes new cases occurring over time. Both are important for epidemiological research, disease surveillance, and health planning.
This document provides an overview of epidemiology and public health planning principles. It defines epidemiology as the study of distribution and determinants of health problems in populations and its application to control such problems. The key objectives of epidemiology are described as understanding disease causation, testing hypotheses, evaluating intervention programs, and informing public health administration. Effective public health planning requires defining goals, objectives, strategies, approaches, and approaches for monitoring and evaluation. Descriptive epidemiology involves observing the basic features of disease distribution by person, place, and time to identify problems and plan services. Developing hypotheses about potential causes involves interrogating usual suspects and looking for clues in patterns of who, where, and when individuals become ill.
The document discusses the dynamics of disease transmission. It identifies the key requirements for transmission which include an agent, a source of the agent, a means of exit from the host, a mode of transmission, a means of entry into a new host, and a susceptible host. It also describes various modes of transmission such as direct contact, airborne, vector-borne, indirect transmission through vehicles like water, food, blood, and organs. The document then discusses herd immunity and the conditions required for it to be effective in preventing disease spread in a population. It concludes by outlining various basic and targeted strategies that can be used to control diseases by blocking transmission through various means.
Screening involves applying a medical test to asymptomatic individuals to identify those at high risk of a disease. It aims to reduce disease burden through early detection and treatment before symptoms appear. For a disease to be suitable for screening, it must be life-threatening, treatable at an early stage, and have a high prevalence of pre-clinical cases. An ideal screening test is low-cost, easy to administer, valid, reliable, and reproducible. Screening programs must also be feasible and effective to justify their implementation.
The document discusses inter-sectoral convergence in healthcare. It explains that convergence is a process that facilitates different groups to work together for more efficient service delivery. Convergence can save time, build rapport, increase efficiency and reduce workload. It also discusses the need for convergence to ensure unity of purpose and promote teamwork. Some benefits of convergence include being more participative, economizing efforts, improving quality and avoiding duplication. The document outlines various types of convergence and constraints to inter-sectoral coordination. It provides examples of convergence between health and other sectors like women and child development, water and sanitation, and education.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was initiated in 1975 to improve nutritional and health status of children under 6 years, pregnant and lactating mothers. It provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health checkups, referral services, and non-formal preschool education. The scheme is implemented through Anganwadi centers by Anganwadi workers with support from helpers, ASHA workers, and the health department. Over the years it has expanded its coverage and enhanced services but continues to face issues like irregular food supply and lack of community participation.
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2. Basic Definitions
Data
“Messages not evaluated for their worth
in specific situations”
Primary
Secondary
Information
“Evaluated data”
“A resource with cost & benefit
“Potential knowledge”
“An essential input for decision making
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3. Record
“A document of transaction between a client and
service provider containing details of who did
what to whom, when and where”, e.g.
A bill
A prescription
A discharge ticket
A laboratory report
A register
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4. Information System
“Comprehensive, coherent arrangement
organized on an organizational or major
program basis to collect, process and
provide coordinated information to
serve multiple needs of management
system”
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5. Data Triangulation
The synthesis and integration of data
from multiple sources through
collection, examination, comparison and
interpretation
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6. 12 step approach to triangulation
Planning for triangulation
1.Brainstorm questions
2.Identify questions that are important,
actionable, answerable and appropriate for
triangulation
3.Identify data sources and gather
background information
4.Refine the investigation question(s)
Conducting triangulation
5.Gather data/reports
6.Make observations from each dataset
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7. 12 step approach to triangulation
• Note trends across datasets and hypothesize
• Check (corroborate, refute, modify) hypotheses
• Identify additional data source(s) and return to
step 5
• Summarize findings and draw conclusions
• Communicating the results of triangulation
• Communicate the results and
recommendations
• Outline next steps based on findings
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8. Characteristics of Data Sources
for Triangulation
1. Programmatic data
2. Biological data (surveys)
3. Behavioural data
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9. Health Information System
“an integrated effort to
§ collect,
§ process,
§ report and
§ use health information & knowledge for
• influencing
• policy-making,
• program action, and
• research.
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10. M.I.S. ?
A two directional characteristic of information flow,
with systematically designed arrangement to -
Ø Generate
Ø Collect
Ø Analyze
Ø Store
Ø Present
Ø Make available
required information to different managerial levels
for improved and timely decisions and actions
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11. Definition:
Ø MIS is a system having a combination of
Ø persons,
Ø a set of manuals, and
Ø certain equipments to
Øselect,
Østore, process and
Øretrieve data to -
reduce the uncertainty in decision making by
yielding information to managers at the time
they can most efficiently use it.
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12. Essential Features of Information
System
Ø Reliable
Ø Not too much paper work
Ø Data transmission - accurate and timely
Ø Availability in disaggregated form
Ø Shortest time lag between collection and
transmission
Ø Data must be available to assess both
quantity and quality of health care
Ø Simple- recording reporting and analysis
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13. Service statistics v/s MIS
Ø Service statistics- generate data
Ø MIS -utilization of data in the planning
and control activities, in an organization
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14. Information in Health Care Delivery:
why
Ø Evidence based policy and strategic
decision-making
Ø Program management
Ø Monitoring the process and outcomes
Ø Evaluation of achievements
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15. HMIS- Need
Ø Increasing utilization
Ø Increasing client satisfaction
Ø Increasing health status
Ø Induction of manpower
Ø Problem solving
Ø Resource allocation
Ø Rewards / Promotions
Ø (at times for Fault finding)
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16. HMIS: Objectives
• Strategic planning
• Disease surveillance systems
• Use of ICD-10
• National health database
• Technical support to strengthen data
analysis
• Research
• Use of scientific evidence based on
research
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17. Other objectives
• Medical care-
– Quality assurance &
– Assessment of outcome
• Cost control & productivity enhancement
• Utilization analysis and demand estimation
• Program planning & evaluation
• Simplification of Records
• Education
• Clinical research
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18. Sources of Data
Ø Diaries
Ø Family registers
Ø Hospital registers / Records
Ø Periodic reports
Ø Rapid surveys
Ø Exit interviews
Ø National sample survey
Ø Census
Ø Special studies
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19. Data :attributes
Ø Accurate
Ø Valid
Ø Reliable
Ø Timely
Ø Complete
Ø Retrievable
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20. Collection of Data:
Data Collection Tools
ØReporting Formats
ØOnline reporting
ØEligible Couple Survey
ØConcurrent Evaluation/ Studies
ØSurvey by different Agencies
ØMonitoring and Validation Exercise
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21. Data Requirements at Different
Levels of Decision Making
……Top level…. Quality
Quantity ….Middle level….
….Lower level….
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22. Health information Tools for
Different Levels of the Health System
Modeling
estimates
&
Outbreak Surveillance
Global
Regions
Vital Registration
SRS
Surveys
Countries
Censuses
Provinces
Districts
HMIS
Communities Facilities
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23. Health
determinants
Risk factors
Behaviors
Genetics
Environment
Socio-
economic & Health Health status
demographic
systems
outcomes
Mortality
Health Health
systems systems Service Morbidity/
inputs outputs utilization disability
Policy Information Well-being
Financing Service
Human availability &
resources quality
Organization SIHFW : an ISO 9001:2008 certified institution 23
24. Attributes of HMIS
ØTimeliness
ØAccuracy
ØRelevance
ØUp-to-datedness
ØAdequacy
ØNo Overloading
ØFormat Clarity
ØNo duplication
ØExplicitness
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25. Strengths of HMIS
Ø In streamlining and standardizing of data records.
Ø In creation of an integrated warehouse
Ø In collecting data from different sources
Ø Conducting cross analysis.
Ø Rationalizing of reporting flows
Ø Supporting customized reporting.
Ø Indicator based analysis.
Ø Integration of various software applications such
as GIS and Excel.
Ø Conducting data quality validation.
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26. Ø HMIS does not offer
“Ready - made” solution
Ø Each HMIS is
“Tailor made” specific to an
organization and levels within it
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27. HMIS- Issue
Ø Is there a policy existing for Health Information
system?
Ø Does an organizational structure exist at the
National level for HMIS?
Ø Functional linkages between sub-systems
Ø Capacity building-potential, activities and
resources
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28. Ø Is there a Fixed- frequency review of
reports and records?
Ø How are reports made and who makes
them?
Ø Is there a built in system for checking
reliability of data generated at the lowest
level ?
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29. HMIS- Purpose
Planning
Implementation Needed for
Monitoring Information
Evaluation Purpose
• Monitoring
• Control
- Cost
-Time
-Resources
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30. HMIS-Application
should Provide Support to-
Ø Health Workers:
ØUnderstand health needs
ØPrioritizing clients
ØEstimate requirement
Ø Program Mangers:
ØAssess quality & Coverage
ØAllocate resources
ØReduce wastage and
duplication
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31. ØPolicy Makers:
ØAssess cost-effectiveness
ØDecide content & mode of
service delivery
ØDevelop norms
ØFinancial
ØInfrastructure
ØStaffing
ØLogistics
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32. Prerequisites of HMIS
Ø Existing formats, transmission system &
channels, capacity of data handlers and
analyzers and the resources (hard and
soft) available.
Ø Exploring possibilities of additions and
deletion of parameters
Ø Complimentary or contradictory nature of
sub-systems of the System
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33. Components -Basic Management
process
5 components of the basic mgt. process in healthcare-
1. Establishing goals & Objective
2. Estimate demand for services
3. Allocate resources including manpower to
meet demands
4. Control quality
5. Evaluate performance
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34. Establishing goals & Objective
• Problem indicators
»Mortality
»morbidity
»Social indicators
»Economic data
»Health seeking behavior
• Data on services delivered by other
community organizations
• Resources available
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35. Estimate demand for services
• Data on utilization
• Demographic data
• Community projections
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36. Allocate resources
• Data on work force
• Financial information
• Capital requirements
• Short term demand forecasts
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37. Control quality
• Output measure
• Quality control data
• Work sampling & measurement
• Medical audit
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38. Evaluate performance
• Changes in problem indicators
• Cost benefit analysis
• Changes in community’s capability
to provide services
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39. HMIS- Components
Ø Identification
Ø Collection
Ø Classification
Ø Processing
Ø Communication
Ø Interpretation
Ø Storage
Ø Retrieval
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40. Factors Required to Develop and
Implement HMIS:
Ø Strong political backing
Ø A culture that values and uses information
Ø Involving all levels in changes to HMIS
Ø Starting with improving the paper based
system
Ø Ensuring the feedback loop is continuous
and reliable
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41. Levels at Which We Need Information
Ø Point of entry of client into the System
Ø Point of Service
Ø Point of decision-making
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42. Use of Information
Ø National & State Ministries for
ØAssessing impact
ØPolicy development
ØFinancial allocations
Ø Health care professionals for
ØTreatment in Hospitals/ CHC/ PHC
ØChoosing alternatives between care
lines
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43. Ø Legal bodies
ØAs documentary evidence of care
ØProtect interests of Health care
professionals and patients
Ø Insurance companies for reimbursement of
claims
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44. Information in Health Planning
• Information for assessing need
• Information for controlling utilization and
standards (quality of services)
• Information for controlling deployment of
resources
• Information for increasing effectiveness of
services
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45. HMIS- Designing
Technical Requirements
Ø Data collection instrument
ØSimple
ØMinimum
Ø Develop a data flow mechanism
ØWho generate
ØWho consolidate
ØWhom to be sent & How (mode)
ØWhere & by whom to be analyzed
ØWhom to be reported
ØFrequency of compilation, Analysis &
reporting
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46. Basic steps in designing HMIS
Ø Determine organizational need for
information
Ø Identify sources of information
Ø Decide on amount, form and frequency
Ø Select means of information communication
& processing
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47. HMIS- Designing information system
Steps
ØWhat data is needed
ØWho generates in what form
ØDetermine
ØQuality organizational need for
ØProcessing requirement information
ØIdentify sources of
ØTypes of formats for information
reporting
ØDecide on amount,
ØFrequency of reporting form and frequency
ØData storage system ØSelect means of
information
ØDevices for storage
communication &
ØWhat should be the channel processing
for info. flow
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48. Designing HMIS
1. Design Requirements:
ØClarity of Objectives
ØAwareness of information need
ØFlexibility to change
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49. 2. Considerations in information system design
ØIdentifying & listing of objectives and norms
ØIdentification of all decision points
ØDetermination of relative importance & priority of
identified decisions
ØIdentifying information need for decision
ØIdentification of relationship among decision sets
ØSpecification of information system
ØInstallation
ØEstablishing a review mechanism
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50. 3. Information requirements - governed by
ØDecision structure of Program
ØLevels of decision making
ØQuestions to be answered
ØEconomics of information management, based
on these requirements decision shall be taken
regarding type of information, which could be-
ØScientific& Technical (Related to problem
& solution
ØSituational (Program environment)
ØProgrammatic9001:2008 certified institution system)
SIHFW : an ISO
(Intervention 50
51. HMIS- Process
Formulated information
(fixed)
Constraining Planning Execution
Information
(Dynamic)
Processed
information
(Dynamic)
Monitoring & Control
Reports Processing Reports
inputs
Storage
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52. Analyze the Data:
ØBy allotted ELA/Targets
ØBy comparison of last year progress
ØBy health indicators
ØBy annual action plan
ØBy Five Year plans
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53. HMIS- Problem Areas
Ø Unrealistic expectation of Managers
Ø Addressing to –”Report to higher levels”
rather than convincing of benefits
Ø Too much information asked
Ø Poorly trained, Over worked staff, (30-40 %
time in reporting)
Ø Information-selective & to handle out of
pressure ad hoc exigencies
Ø Many reporting levels- Data lost
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54. Ø Performance indicators
ØShifting priorities within program
ØNew additions- NO deletions
Ø Indicators- simply output oriented
Ø Program priorities & timeliness of information
flow
Ø Retrieval
Ø Duplication
Ø NO periodic review
Ø NO feed back to initiate corrective measures
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55. HMIS supports
Ø Decision makers to:
ØDetect and control emerging and endemic
health problems
ØMonitor progress towards health goals,
ØPromote equity
Ø Empowering individuals and communities with
ØTimely and understandable health-related
information
ØDrive improvements in quality of services
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56. Ø Supports Health Workers, in
Ø Understand health needs (based on
approaches like CNAA)
Ø Prioritizing clients (Estimate requirements
(based on Demographic profile, morbidity
profile, coverage and /or Expectations)
Ø Support Program Mangers, for
Ø Assessing quality & Coverage
Ø Allocating resources
Ø Reducing wastage and duplication
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57. Ø Support Policy makers, to
ØAssess cost-effectiveness
ØDecide content & mode of service delivery
ØDevelop norms:
ØFinancial
ØInfrastructure
ØStaffing
ØLogistics
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58. Reporting Formats under NRHM
Institutions Reporting Format
Sub centre Form No. 6
PHC Form No. 7
CHC/FRU/UFWC Form No. 8
Block level Form No. 9 A
District level Form No. 9
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59. Thank You
For more details log on to
www. Sihfwrajasthan.com
or
contact : Director-SIHFW on
sihfwraj@yahoo.co.in