The document summarizes the key activities in the software testing process according to ISTQB, including test planning, monitoring and control, analysis, design, implementation, execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It provides details on each activity, such as the objectives of test planning, factors to consider for test analysis, and outputs that should be captured during test closure.
Tool Support for Testing as Chapter 6 of ISTQB Foundation 2018. Topics covered are Tool Benefits, Test Tool Classification, Benefits of Test Automation, Risk of Test Automation, Selecting a tool for Organization, Pilot Project, Success factor for using a tool
Chapter 4 - Quality Characteristics for Technical TestingNeeraj Kumar Singh
The document discusses quality characteristics for technical testing, focusing on reliability testing. It provides definitions and explanations of reliability sub-characteristics like maturity, fault tolerance, and recoverability. It describes approaches to measuring software maturity and reliability over time. Types of reliability tests discussed include fault tolerance testing, recoverability (failover and backup/restore) testing, and availability testing. General guidance is provided on planning and specifying reliability tests, noting the need for production-like environments and long test durations to obtain statistically significant results.
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 3 of ISTQB Advance Agile Technical Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 3 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 6 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 6 of ISTQB Advance Technical Test Analyst certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Agile Technical Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Chapter 3 of ISTQB Foundation 2018 syllabus with sample questions. Answers about what is static testing, what is review, types of review, informal review, walkthrough, technical review, inspection.
Continuous integration, testing, and delivery processes aim to provide fast feedback on code changes. This is done through frequent automated testing and deployment of code changes. Some key aspects discussed are:
- Continuous integration involves automatically testing code changes through builds and running automated tests. Frequent and immediate feedback is the goal but all tests may be too time-consuming.
- Continuous testing executes tests early and often based on code modifications to provide quick feedback.
- Continuous delivery deploys code changes to testing environments after builds to allow more testing, including performance and load tests. Continuous deployment then automatically deploys to production.
Prioritizing tests, running different test configurations, increasing non-UI testing, and splitting test
This is chapter 5 of ISTQB Advance Technical Test Analyst certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Test Case Design Techniques as chapter 4 of ISTQB Foundation. Topics included are Equivalence Partition, Boundary Value Analysis, State Transition Testing, Decision Table Testing, Use Case Testing, Statement Coverage, Decision Coverage, Error Guessing, Exploratory Testing, Checklist Based Testing
Chapter 2 - Testing Throughout the Development LifeCycleNeeraj Kumar Singh
The document discusses testing throughout the software development life cycle. It describes different software development models including sequential, incremental, and iterative models. It also covers different test levels from component and integration testing to system and acceptance testing. The document discusses different types of testing including functional and non-functional testing. It also covers topics like maintenance testing and triggers for additional testing when changes are made.
This is chapter 5 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is the chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Test Automation Engineer certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare content of certification.
Chapter 1 - The Technical Test Analyst Tasks in Risk Based TestingNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 1 of ISTQB Advance Technical Test Analyst certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Technical Test Analyst certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 1 of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Chapter 1 of ISTQB Agile tester extension certification. This chapter will give you the understanding about the content of chapter 1 of the certification.
CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a framework for improving product quality and development efficiency. It has five maturity levels for processes ranging from initial/ad hoc to optimizing. There are also staged and continuous representations. CMMI assessments evaluate an organization's processes against the model. Major benefits include increased productivity, quality, and meeting goals. Top IT companies in Pakistan have achieved various CMMI levels up to level 5.
This document provides an overview of quality management systems and Six Sigma. It discusses key concepts such as total quality management (TQM), Six Sigma methodology, ISO standards, quality gurus, quality costs, and the principles of quality management. The document summarizes TQM goals and components, the DMAIC and DMADV processes of Six Sigma, roles in Six Sigma implementation, common quality tools and standards like ISO 9001, and principles of quality management systems including customer focus, leadership, and continual improvement. It aims to introduce fundamental aspects of establishing and maintaining an effective quality management approach.
According to new syllabus of PCI M.Pharm 1st sem. students can directly utilize this ppt for their study. As per PCI new syllabus QA STUDENTS find this ppt very use full.
The document discusses the County of Riverside's use of unproctored internet testing as part of their recruitment and hiring process. Some key points include:
- The county aims to reach a larger and more diverse applicant pool while reducing costs through unproctored testing.
- Risks of cheating and unreliable testing environments are mitigated through strategies like computerized adaptive testing, resume submission, and traffic monitoring.
- Test scores are validated through subsequent proctored testing using statistical methods to account for measurement error.
- A one-day hiring event pilot filled 68% of vacancies by testing candidates online first then interviewing and hiring top performers the same day.
The document discusses fundamentals of software testing including definitions of testing, why testing is necessary, seven testing principles, and the test process. It describes the test process as consisting of test planning, monitoring and control, analysis, design, implementation, execution, and completion. It also outlines the typical work products created during each phase of the test process.
This document discusses Merrick's differential piece rate system. It establishes rates for workers based on their level of efficiency. Workers receiving 83-100% efficiency receive the normal rate. Those over 100% receive an increased rate, while those under 83% receive the normal rate. It provides an example calculating earnings for workers A, B, C and D based on their individual efficiencies. The advantages include direct incentives and rewards that increase competition. Disadvantages include difficulties setting standards and potential impacts to quality from a focus only on quantity.
Skil storm testing at the speed of business 2Glen Noesen
The document discusses software testing and quality. It provides quotes from experts emphasizing the importance of testing. It also summarizes Juran's trilogy for quality, which includes quality planning, control, and improvement. Finally, it discusses how the Axe testing automation tool can help testers develop test cases without extensive coding knowledge, improving testing efficiency.
This is the chapter 3 of ISTQB Agile Tester Extension certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare content of certification.
Chapter 6 - Transitioning Manual Testing to an Automation EnvironmentNeeraj Kumar Singh
The document discusses factors to consider when transitioning from manual to automated testing. It states that traditionally organizations have developed manual test cases, and when deciding to automate, one must evaluate current manual tests and determine the most effective approach to automating these assets. Not all tests can or should be automated. There are criteria provided for determining what types of tests are good candidates for automation, such as frequency of use and complexity. Steps for automating regression tests are also outlined.
This presentation reviews the regulatory requirements for intended use validation of SaaS-based EDC systems from the Sponsor and CRO perspective and provides best practices for implementing the proper validation in your organization.
The document discusses different processes for pilot selection and training, including traditional single-stage and multistage processes as well as a proposed progressive parallax process. It describes how the progressive parallax process breaks training into small modules, uses statistical models like LDA to predict performance and remove candidates from consideration after each module. It also addresses how these processes could be adjusted to address a pilot shortage by lowering cut-off scores or minimum qualifications.
This document summarizes the results of a cost of quality analysis conducted at an IT client, Beta Company. Over several years, Beta improved its software development processes, implemented formal inspections, and began measuring cost of quality. This led to a dramatic increase in the number of defects found during testing, a decrease in defects found in production, and over $6 million in cost savings and avoidance. Beta also found that implementing Fagan inspections helped find over 85% of defects early in the requirements and design phases, reducing rework costs compared to similar projects without inspections.
Six Sigma is a methodology that aims to improve processes and minimize defects. It uses a data-driven approach called DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) to identify and address sources of variation. The goal of Six Sigma is to achieve nearly perfect processes with fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It was developed by Motorola to improve quality and has since been widely adopted. Key aspects of Six Sigma include defining problems, measuring processes, analyzing sources of variation, improving processes, and controlling improvements.
Six Sigma is a methodology that aims to improve processes and minimize defects. It uses a data-driven approach called DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) to identify and address sources of variation. The goal of Six Sigma is to achieve nearly perfect processes with fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It was developed by Motorola to improve quality and has since been widely adopted. Key aspects of Six Sigma include defining problems, measuring processes, analyzing sources of variation, improving processes, and controlling improvements.
How to Implement and Maintain an Audit-Ready QMS Leveraging TechnologyGreenlight Guru
Despite ever-changing and increasingly complex medical device regulations, many companies have built their compliance systems on risky paper-based quality systems or legacy, general-purpose software not built for med device. You can do better.
Inefficient systems increase your risk of noncompliance and increase your development time. That translates into missed sales opportunities and patients waiting longer for your new medical technologies.
So we’ll show you a modern, purpose-built software that ensures compliance with all the latest regulations to free up your engineers’ time, reduce risk, time to market, and help you pass audits with flying colors.
• Step-by-step instructions on how to implement and maintain an audit-ready QMS leveraging Jon’s S.M.A.R.T. quality management philosophy
• How to accelerate product development efforts — from napkin idea to 510(k) clearance to market release months or years quicker
• How to manage risk to drive the safety and quality of products and processes through QMS per ISO 13485:2016 & 21 CFR Part 820
• How to change their company’s focus from simply meeting regulations to building quality into their processes as a differentiator
• How to understand and stay ahead of the FDA and EU changing quality regulations as leaders instead of followers
This session took place live at the Greenlight Guru True Quality Virtual Summit, a three-day event for medical device professionals to learn to get their devices to market faster, stay ahead of regulatory changes, and use quality as their multiplier to grow their device business.
РАМЕЛЛА БАСЕНКО «Поліпшення процесу тестування, як результат аудиту процесів ...QADay
Online QADay 2021
РАМЕЛЛА БАСЕНКО
«Поліпшення процесу тестування, як результат аудиту процесів на проекті»
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Six Sigma is a disciplined process focused on reducing defects and achieving near-perfect quality. It was created by Bill Smith in the 1980s at Motorola to increase business performance. Total quality management aims to carefully design products/services and ensure the organization can consistently produce the design. Key Six Sigma concepts include the DMAIC cycle of define, measure, analyze, improve, control to identify and eliminate process variation. Poka-yokes are error-proofing mechanisms to prevent human errors.
This document provides guidelines for Module 3 of the PrimusGFS audit, which focuses on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) programs. It discusses the applicability and requirements of HACCP, including management support, developing a written HACCP plan, executing the plan on the plant floor, and verifying the plan. Guidance is provided on scoring audits and determining compliance levels. Requirements include having at least three months of documentation available for review for new auditees. Automatic failures can occur if any question is down scored in areas representing high food safety risks.
This document discusses quality management concepts in healthcare laboratories. It defines key terms like quality, quality assurance, quality control, total quality management. It explains approaches like continuous quality improvement, quality assessment and sigma metrics that are used to monitor performance and ensure reliable test results. The goal of quality management is to deliver accurate and timely reports to healthcare providers and continuously improve laboratory processes.
Tool Support for Testing as Chapter 6 of ISTQB Foundation 2018. Topics covered are Tool Benefits, Test Tool Classification, Benefits of Test Automation and Risk of Test Automation
Test Management as Chapter 5 of ISTQB Foundation. Topics covered are Test Organization, Test Planning and Estimation, Test Monitoring and Control, Test Execution Schedule, Test Strategy, Risk Management, Defect Management
Test Case Design Techniques as chapter 4 of ISTQB Foundation. Topics included are Equivalence Partition, Boundary Value Analysis, State Transition Testing, Decision Table Testing, Use Case Testing, Statement Coverage, Decision Coverage, Error Guessing, Exploratory Testing, Checklist Based Testing
Chapter 3 of ISTQB Foundation 2018 syllabus with sample questions. Answers about what is static testing, what is review, types of review, informal review, walkthrough, technical review, inspection.
The document discusses testing throughout the software development life cycle. It describes different software development models including sequential, incremental, and iterative models. It also covers different test levels from component and integration testing to system and acceptance testing. The document discusses different types of testing including functional and non-functional testing. It also covers topics like maintenance testing and triggers for additional testing when changes are made. Also covers concepts of Agile including DevOps, Shift Left Approach, TDD, BDD, ATDD, Retrospective and Process Improvement
The document discusses fundamentals of software testing including definitions of testing, why testing is necessary, seven testing principles, and the test process. It describes the test process as consisting of test planning, monitoring and control, analysis, design, implementation, execution, and completion. It also outlines the typical work products created during each phase of the test process.
Chapter 4 - Mobile Application Platforms, Tools and EnvironmentNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Chapter 3 - Common Test Types and Test Process for Mobile ApplicationsNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 3 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Chapter 1 - Mobile World - Business and Technology DriversNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 1 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is a Sample Question Paper of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is the answer to Sample Questions of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
ISTQB Performance Tester Certification Syllabus and Study MaterialNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is Syllabus of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 5 of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Chapter 3 - Performance Testing in the Software LifecycleNeeraj Kumar Singh
The document discusses performance testing activities across different software development lifecycles. It describes how performance testing should be conducted iteratively throughout sequential development models, with testing at each stage from concept to acceptance. For iterative models, performance testing is also iterative and can be part of continuous integration. Specific activities discussed include test planning, monitoring, analysis, design, implementation, execution and completion. Performance risks are also discussed for different architectures.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
ISTQB Technical Test Analyst Answers to Sample Question PaperNeeraj Kumar Singh
Here are the answers and justification for the sample question paper for ISTQB Advance Technical Test Analyst for certification preparation. This is a standard paper from ISTQB.
"Making .NET Application Even Faster", Sergey Teplyakov.pptxFwdays
In this talk we're going to explore performance improvement lifecycle, starting with setting the performance goals, using profilers to figure out the bottle necks, making a fix and validating that the fix works by benchmarking it. The talk will be useful for novice and seasoned .NET developers and architects interested in making their application fast and understanding how things work under the hood.
Redefining Cybersecurity with AI CapabilitiesPriyanka Aash
In this comprehensive overview of Cisco's latest innovations in cybersecurity, the focus is squarely on resilience and adaptation in the face of evolving threats. The discussion covers the imperative of tackling Mal information, the increasing sophistication of insider attacks, and the expanding attack surfaces in a hybrid work environment. Emphasizing a shift towards integrated platforms over fragmented tools, Cisco introduces its Security Cloud, designed to provide end-to-end visibility and robust protection across user interactions, cloud environments, and breaches. AI emerges as a pivotal tool, from enhancing user experiences to predicting and defending against cyber threats. The blog underscores Cisco's commitment to simplifying security stacks while ensuring efficacy and economic feasibility, making a compelling case for their platform approach in safeguarding digital landscapes.
Top 12 AI Technology Trends For 2024.pdfMarrie Morris
Technology has become an irreplaceable component of our daily lives. The role of AI in technology revolutionizes our lives for the betterment of the future. In this article, we will learn about the top 12 AI technology trends for 2024.
Generative AI technology is a fascinating field that focuses on creating comp...Nohoax Kanont
Generative AI technology is a fascinating field that focuses on creating computer models capable of generating new, original content. It leverages the power of large language models, neural networks, and machine learning to produce content that can mimic human creativity. This technology has seen a surge in innovation and adoption since the introduction of ChatGPT in 2022, leading to significant productivity benefits across various industries. With its ability to generate text, images, video, and audio, generative AI is transforming how we interact with technology and the types of tasks that can be automated.
Cracking AI Black Box - Strategies for Customer-centric Enterprise ExcellenceQuentin Reul
The democratization of Generative AI is ushering in a new era of innovation for enterprises. Discover how you can harness this powerful technology to deliver unparalleled customer value and securing a formidable competitive advantage in today's competitive market. In this session, you will learn how to:
- Identify high-impact customer needs with precision
- Harness the power of large language models to address specific customer needs effectively
- Implement AI responsibly to build trust and foster strong customer relationships
Whether you're at the early stages of your AI journey or looking to optimize existing initiatives, this session will provide you with actionable insights and strategies needed to leverage AI as a powerful catalyst for customer-driven enterprise success.
TrustArc Webinar - Innovating with TRUSTe Responsible AI CertificationTrustArc
In a landmark year marked by significant AI advancements, it’s vital to prioritize transparency, accountability, and respect for privacy rights with your AI innovation.
Learn how to navigate the shifting AI landscape with our innovative solution TRUSTe Responsible AI Certification, the first AI certification designed for data protection and privacy. Crafted by a team with 10,000+ privacy certifications issued, this framework integrated industry standards and laws for responsible AI governance.
This webinar will review:
- How compliance can play a role in the development and deployment of AI systems
- How to model trust and transparency across products and services
- How to save time and work smarter in understanding regulatory obligations, including AI
- How to operationalize and deploy AI governance best practices in your organization
Self-Healing Test Automation Framework - HealeniumKnoldus Inc.
Revolutionize your test automation with Healenium's self-healing framework. Automate test maintenance, reduce flakes, and increase efficiency. Learn how to build a robust test automation foundation. Discover the power of self-healing tests. Transform your testing experience.
Retrieval Augmented Generation Evaluation with RagasZilliz
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances chatbots by incorporating custom data in the prompt. Using large language models (LLMs) as judge has gained prominence in modern RAG systems. This talk will demo Ragas, an open-source automation tool for RAG evaluations. Christy will talk about and demo evaluating a RAG pipeline using Milvus and RAG metrics like context F1-score and answer correctness.
Keynote : Presentation on SASE TechnologyPriyanka Aash
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) solutions are revolutionizing enterprise networks by integrating SD-WAN with comprehensive security services. Traditionally, enterprises managed multiple point solutions for network and security needs, leading to complexity and resource-intensive operations. SASE, as defined by Gartner, consolidates these functions into a unified cloud-based service, offering SD-WAN capabilities alongside advanced security features like secure web gateways, CASB, and remote browser isolation. This convergence not only simplifies management but also enhances security posture and application performance across global networks and cloud environments. Discover how adopting SASE can streamline operations and fortify your enterprise's digital transformation strategy.
Choosing the Best Outlook OST to PST Converter: Key Features and Considerationswebbyacad software
When looking for a good software utility to convert Outlook OST files to PST format, it is important to find one that is easy to use and has useful features. WebbyAcad OST to PST Converter Tool is a great choice because it is simple to use for anyone, whether you are tech-savvy or not. It can smoothly change your files to PST while keeping all your data safe and secure. Plus, it can handle large amounts of data and convert multiple files at once, which can save you a lot of time. It even comes with 24*7 technical support assistance and a free trial, so you can try it out before making a decision. Whether you need to recover, move, or back up your data, Webbyacad OST to PST Converter is a reliable option that gives you all the support you need to manage your Outlook data effectively.
It's your unstructured data: How to get your GenAI app to production (and spe...Zilliz
So you've successfully built a GenAI app POC for your company -- now comes the hard part: bringing it to production. Aparavi addresses the challenges of AI projects while addressing data privacy and PII. Our Service for RAG helps AI developers and data scientists to scale their app to 1000s to millions of users using corporate unstructured data. Aparavi’s AI Data Loader cleans, prepares and then loads only the relevant unstructured data for each AI project/app, enabling you to operationalize the creation of GenAI apps easily and accurately while giving you the time to focus on what you really want to do - building a great AI application with useful and relevant context. All within your environment and never having to share private corporate data with anyone - not even Aparavi.
3. Test Techniques
Introduction
The test design techniques considered in this chapter are divided into the following categories:
Specification-based (or behavior-based or black box)
Defect-based
Experience-based
These techniques are complementary and may be used as appropriate for any given test activity,
regardless of which level of testing is being performed.
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4. Test Techniques
Specification Based Techniques
Specification-based techniques are applied to the test conditions to derive test cases based on an
analysis of the test basis for a component or system without reference to its internal structure.
Common features of specification-based techniques include:
Models, e.g., state transition diagrams and decision tables, are created during test design according
to the test technique
Test conditions are derived systematically from these models
Specification-based tests are usually based on the system requirements documents.
Neeraj Kumar Singh
5. Test Techniques
Specification Based Techniques
There are a number of specification-based testing techniques. These techniques target different types
of software and scenarios.
Equivalence Partitioning
Boundary Value Analysis
Cause Effect Graphing
State Transition Testing
Decision Table Testing
Combinatorial Testing Techniques
Use Case Testing
User Story Testing
Domain Analysis
Neeraj Kumar Singh
6. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews
6 Defect
Management
7 Test Tools
8. Test Techniques
Equivalence Partitioning
Neeraj Kumar Singh
It divides inputs into ranges(partition or class) where all the elements of a particular range are
expected to behave same.
As per EP we take just 1 test case from each range.
9. Test Techniques
Equivalence Partitioning
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A company has set up an employee wellness program and combined it with the premium for health insurance:
The full standard premium for a health insurance policy is $400.
The program has the following rules:
1) Employees who make a pledge — on the honor system — that they don't smoke, or that they take a stop-
smoking class, and have a BMI below 30, get 10% off their contribution toward the full standard insurance
premium.
2) Employees who fill in a "health risk assessment" with more health details will be rewarded with a $25
reduction in premium.
3) Employees who participate in a yearly health control at the company a) receive a $50 reduction in their
premium for having a BMI of 27.5 or less, and a $25 reduction for having a BMI below 30. And b) if they are
non-smokers, they receive an additional $50 reduction in their premium, and those that have joined a
stop-smoking class receive a $25 reduction. Smokers pay an additional premium of $75.
How many test cases are needed to achieve 100% test coverage of equivalence partitions of the input
parameters, when testing this specification by applying the equivalence partitioning test design technique and
what will be the maximum and minimum resulting premium?
10. Test Techniques
Equivalence Partitioning
Neeraj Kumar Singh
1) Employees who make a pledge — on the honor system — that they don't smoke, or that they take a stop-
smoking class, and have a BMI below 30, get 10% off their contribution toward the full standard insurance
premium.
2) Employees who fill in a "health risk assessment" with more health details will be rewarded with a $25
reduction in premium.
3) Employees who participate in a yearly health control at the company a) receive a $50 reduction in their
premium for having a BMI of 27.5 or less, and a $25 reduction for having a BMI below 30. And b) if they are
non-smokers, they receive an additional $50 reduction in their premium, and those that have joined a
stop-smoking class receive a $25 reduction. Smokers pay an additional premium of $75.
Parameter 1) and 2) getting the 10 % reduction for signing pledge of honor and filling out a detailed
assessment and both have 2 partitions either the do it or they don’t. Parameters 3) The smoking and the BMI
parameter each have 3 partitions, so 3 test cases will be sufficient to hit all of the partitions.
As for the maximum premium: An employee not signing the pledge of honor, and not filling out the detailed
assessment being a smoker and having a BMI of 30 or more will have to pay the full standard premium + extra
$75. On the other hand, an employee, signing the pledge of honor filling out the detailed assessment, being a
nonsmoker and having a low BMI of less than 27.5 will get deductions of: 40 + 25 + 50 + 50 = 165 leaving $235
in premium.
11. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews
6 Defect
Management
7 Test Tools
13. Test Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Allows a scenario to be tested strictly on boundaries with valid and invalid inputs.
It is stronger technique than equivalence partitioning
Has two type two point and three point boundary value analysis
14. Test Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A speed control and reporting system has the following characteristics:
If you drive 50 km/h or less, nothing will happen. If you drive faster than 50 km/h, but 55 km/h or less, you
will be warned. If you drive faster than 55 km/h but not more than 60 km/h, you will be fined. If you drive
faster than 60 km/h, your driving license will be suspended.
The speed in km/h is available to the system as an integer value.
Which would be the most likely set of values (km/h) identified by applying the boundary value analysis, where
only the boundary values on the boundaries of the equivalence classes are relevant?
a) 0, 49, 50, 54, 59, 60.
b) 50, 55, 60.
c) 49, 50, 54, 55, 60, 62.
d) 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61.
Select ONE option.
15. Test Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A speed control and reporting system has the following characteristics:
If you drive 50 km/h or less, nothing will happen. If you drive faster than 50 km/h, but 55 km/h or less, you
will be warned. If you drive faster than 55 km/h but not more than 60 km/h, you will be fined. If you drive
faster than 60 km/h, your driving license will be suspended.
The speed in km/h is available to the system as an integer value.
Which would be the most likely set of values (km/h) identified by applying the boundary value analysis, where
only the boundary values on the boundaries of the equivalence classes are relevant?
a) 0, 49, 50, 54, 59, 60.
b) 50, 55, 60.
c) 49, 50, 54, 55, 60, 62.
d) 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61.
Select ONE option.
≤ 50 51 - 55 56 - 60 61 ≤
16. Test Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A system is being specified for use by automotive dealers. The system will provide the ability to configure a
vehicle’s optional characteristics (e.g. engine size, external trim, color), visualize the configured vehicle and
generate the retail price of the vehicle. An existing system can provide a visual model of any single
configuration, but it does not enable the user to modify the configuration in the same session. This system is
being used as a development prototype from which it is expected that the required functionality can be
generated more quickly than working from scratch, and time scales have been adjusted for a rapid delivery.
Which of the following test case design techniques would together give the best chance of achieving
acceptable test coverage in the available time frame?
a) State Transition Testing
b) Classification Tree
c) Boundary Value Analysis
d) Use Story Testing
e) Equivalence Partitioning
Select TWO options.
17. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews
6 Defect
Management
7 Test Tools
19. Test Techniques
Decision Table Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Decision table testing is specification based techniques used to derive various possible combinations of
given conditions and their respective outputs.
Each combination is a test in this technique
In advance level its further divided into two types
Collapsed Decision Table
Non Collapsed Decision Table
20. Test Techniques
Decision Table Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
The insurance company GoodHealth has launched a new health insurance product - for all customers both new
and existing - with the following specification:
Standard premium fee is $500.
A bonus program offers customers buying the health insurance product with a $25 discount to the standard
premium fee to accept participating in the medical tests even if they are not participating.
The customers get a $25 discount to the standard premium for each one of four medical tests (BMI, blood
pressure, glucose, and cholesterol) that they take as part of the yearly medical test plus an extra $75 if they
take all the tests.
How many test cases are needed when using a collapsed decision table? How many test cases are needed when
using a non-collapsed decision table but with the limitation to test customers who do not accept to participate
in any medical tests, only with one test case?
a) 4 tests are needed for a collapsed decision table.
b) 5 tests are needed for a collapsed decision table.
c) 6 tests are needed for a collapsed decision table.
d) 16 are needed for the not-collapsed decision table.
e) 17 are needed for the not-collapsed decision table.
Select TWO options.
21. Test Techniques
Decision Table Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Accepting to
Participate
N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
BMI N/A Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N N N
Blood Pressure N/A Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y N N N Y N
Glucose N/A Y Y N N Y N Y N Y N Y Y N Y N N
Cholesterol N/A Y N Y N Y Y N N Y N N N Y Y Y N
Discount N/A 175 75 75 50 75 50 50 25 75 25 50 25 25 50 50 25
2^4 = 2*2*2*2 = 16
22. Test Techniques
Decision Table Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Accepting to
Participate
N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
BMI N/A Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N N N
Blood Pressure N/A Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y N N N Y N
Glucose N/A Y Y N N Y N Y N Y N Y Y N Y N N
Cholesterol N/A Y N Y N Y Y N N Y N N N Y Y Y N
Discount N/A 175 75 75 50 75 50 50 25 75 25 50 25 25 50 50 25
2^4 = 2*2*2*2 = 16
23. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews
6 Defect
Management
7 Test Tools
25. Test Techniques
Cause Effect Graphing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Cause-effect graphs may be generated from any source which describes the functional logic (i.e., the
"rules") of a program, such as user stories or flow charts. They can be useful to gain a graphical overview
of a program's logical structure and are typically used as the basis for creating decision tables.
In particular, a cause-effect graph shows condition combinations that cause results (causality), condition
combinations that exclude results (not), multiple conditions that must be true to cause a result (and) and
alternative conditions that can be true to cause a particular result (or). These relationships can be easier
to see in a cause-effect graph than in a narrative description.
Cause-effect graphing requires additional time and effort to learn compared to other test design
techniques. It also requires tool support. Cause-effect graphs have a particular notation that must be
understood by the creator and reader of the graph.
Each possible cause to effect line must be tested, including the combination conditions, to achieve
minimum coverage. Cause-effect graphs include a means to define constraints on the data and constraints
on the flow of logic.
26. Test Techniques
Cause Effect Graphing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Circumstances - under which Cause-Effect Diagram used
To Identify the possible root causes, the reasons for a specific effect, problem, or outcome.
To Relate the interactions of the system among the factors affecting a particular process or effect.
To Analyze the existing problems so that corrective action can be taken at the earliest.
Benefits :
It Helps us to determine the root causes of a problem or quality using a structured approach.
It Uses an orderly, easy-to-read format to diagram cause-and-effect relationships.
It Indicates possible causes of variation in a process.
It Identifies areas, where data should be collected for further study.
It Encourages team participation and utilizes the team knowledge of the process.
It Increases knowledge of the process by helping everyone to learn more about the factors at work and how they
relate.
27. Test Techniques
Cause Effect Graphing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Steps for drawing Cause-Effect Diagram:
Step 1 : Identify and Define the Effect
Step 2 : Fill in the Effect Box and Draw the Spine
Step 3: Identify the main causes contributing to the effect being studied.
Step 4 : For each major branch, identify other specific factors which may be the causes of the EFFECT.
Step 5 : Categorize relative causes and provide detailed levels of causes.
28. Test Techniques
Cause Effect Graphing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Which of the following statements about cause-effect graphing is NOT true?
a) Cause-effect graphs can show only one type of relationship (and, or, is, is not) in the diagram at a time.
b) Cause-effect graphs are often created to support the creation of decision tables, but they can easily
become too large to be practical.
c) Cause-effect graphing can be more time-consuming and challenging to learn than other techniques, since
they require the use of notation that has been agreed upon with all the parties involved.
d) Cause-effect graphs are used to show the functional logic of the test object visually.
Select ONE option.
29. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst Exam Preparation
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4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews
6 Defect
Management
7 Test Tools
31. Test Techniques
State Transition Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
State transition testing exhibits the various states of scenario/system and possible transition between
them.
This representation is called as State Transition Diagram(STD).
A STD shows all Valid Transitions.
In advance level we will understand further about this technique.
S1 S2 S3
A
D C
B
32. Test Techniques
State Transition Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Requested
Accepted
Activated
Closed
Removed
Disputed
When an employee requests payment of a claim from his/her health
insurance, this request follows the sequences of states shown in the diagram
from being requested until it is closed and removed.
If information is missing or changed, the claim may be moved back to an
earlier state to prevent payment. There are the following restrictions: If a
claim in state Accepted has been Closed it can only be restored to the same
state Accepted. If a claim in state Activated has been Closed it can only be
restored to state Activated.
Starting from Activated, what is the number of 0-switch transitions and what
is the number of allowed 1switch?
a) 3 0-switch transitions
b) 4 0-switch transitions
c) 5 0-switch transitions
d) 8 1-switch transitions
e) 9 1-switch transitions
Select TWO options
36. Test Techniques
Classification Tree
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Classification trees support certain black-box test techniques by enabling a graphical representation of the
data space to be created which applies to the test object. The data is organized into classifications and
classes as follows:
Classifications: These represent parameters within the data space for the test object. These can be input
parameters, which can further contain environment states and pre-conditions, as well as output
parameters.
For example, if an application can be configured many different ways, the classifications might include client,
browser, language, and operating system.
Classes: Each classification can have any number of classes and sub-classes describing the occurrence of
the parameter. Each class, or equivalence partition, is a specific value within a classification.
In the above example, the language classification might include equivalence classes for English, French and Spanish.
Classification trees allow the Test Analyst to enter combinations as they see fit. This includes, for
example, pairwise combinations, three-wise combinations, and single-wise.
40. Test Techniques
Pairwise Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Pairwise testing is used when testing software in which several input parameters, each with several
possible values, must be tested in combination, giving rise to more combinations than are feasible to test
in the time allowed.
Pairwise testing uses combinatorial arithmetic to ensure that each parameter-value pair gets tested once
against each parameter-value pair of each other parameter (i.e., 'all pairs' of parameter-value pairs get
tested), while avoiding testing all combinations of parameter-value pairs.
Classification trees are often used in conjunction with pairwise testing. Classification tree design is
supported by tools and enables combinations of parameters and their values to be visualized (some tools
offer a pairwise enhancement).
There are different combinations which are used under pairwise testing technique.
1-wise coverage
2-wise coverage
3-wise coverage….
41. Test Techniques
Pairwise Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
For example Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Classification 1 A B C
Classification 2 L M N
Classification 3 X Y Z
1-Wise Coverage (3 x 1)
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
A M Y
B L Z
C N X
2-Wise Coverage (3 x 3)
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
A L X
A M Y
A N Z
B L Y
B M Z
B N X
C L Z
C M X
C N Y
42. Test Techniques
Pairwise Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A company offering house insurance policies has several policy options. They depend on the following factors:
Building type: house, semi-detached, apartment building, cottage
Material: wood, concrete, brick, mixed
Location: city, suburb, countryside, wilderness
You are testing the system and using the pairwise technique for creating test cases.
Using the pairwise technique, how many test cases are required to achieve 2-wise coverage?
a) 16
b) 12
c) 256
d) 4
Select ONE option.
43. Test Techniques
Pairwise Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A company offering house insurance policies has several policy options. They depend on the following factors:
Building type: house, semi-detached, apartment building, cottage
Material: wood, concrete, brick, mixed
Location: city, suburb, countryside, wilderness
You are testing the system and using the pairwise technique for creating test cases.
Using the pairwise technique, how many test cases are required to achieve 2-wise coverage?
a) 16
b) 12
c) 256
d) 4
Select ONE option.
44. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst 2019 Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
46. Test Techniques
Use Case Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Use case testing provides transactional, scenario-based tests that should emulate intended use of the
component or system specified by the use case. Use cases are defined in terms of interactions between
the actors and a component or system that accomplishes some goal. Actors can be human users, external
hardware, or other components or systems.
Use cases describe interaction between actor and system.
It is helpful for deriving test cases for the Integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing.
47. Test Techniques
Use Case Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Easytravel is a card which is used for paying journeys on buses and
undergrounds. The user can store credit to the card at the Easytravel
Loading Machines and the system automatically deducts the fee of the
journey while the user shows the card to the card reader on a bus or at
the underground station.
You are working on an Easytravel system maintenance project and the
following use case has been given to you for reviewing.
USE CASE: ADD TO EASYTRAVEL BALANCE FROM CREDIT CARD Use case
ID: UC-201201 Purpose: User is increasing the balance on their
Easytravel card. Actors: user, system
Pre-conditions: User has a valid Easytravel card and a credit card.
End-result: User’s Easytravel card balance has been increased with the
selected amount and the equal amount has been charged to the credit
card.
How many test cases are required to achieve the minimum coverage
for this use case?
a) 2
b) 1
c) 9
d) 6
Main Scenario
Exception
48. Test Techniques
Use Case Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Easytravel is a card which is used for paying journeys on buses and
undergrounds. The user can store credit to the card at the Easytravel
Loading Machines and the system automatically deducts the fee of the
journey while the user shows the card to the card reader on a bus or at
the underground station.
You are working on an Easytravel system maintenance project and the
following use case has been given to you for reviewing.
USE CASE: ADD TO EASYTRAVEL BALANCE FROM CREDIT CARD Use case
ID: UC-201201 Purpose: User is increasing the balance on their
Easytravel card. Actors: user, system
Pre-conditions: User has a valid Easytravel card and a credit card.
End-result: User’s Easytravel card balance has been increased with the
selected amount and the equal amount has been charged to the credit
card.
How many test cases are required to achieve the minimum coverage
for this use case?
a) 2
b) 1
c) 9
d) 6
Main Scenario
Exception
49. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst 2019 Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
51. Test Techniques
Combining Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Sometimes techniques are combined to create test cases. For example, the conditions identified in a
decision table might be subjected to equivalence partitioning to discover multiple ways in which a
condition might be satisfied.
Test cases would then cover not only every combination of conditions, but also, for those conditions which
were partitioned, additional test cases would be generated to cover the equivalence partitions. When
selecting the particular technique to be applied, the Test Analyst should consider the applicability of the
technique, the limitations and difficulties, and the goals of the testing in terms of coverage and defects to
be detected.
These aspects are described for the individual techniques covered in this chapter. There may not be a
single “best” technique for a situation. Combined techniques will often provide the most complete
coverage assuming there is sufficient time and skill to correctly apply the techniques.
52. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst 2019 Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
54. Test Techniques
Experience Based Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Experience-based testing utilizes the skill and intuition of the testers, along with their experience with
similar applications or technologies to target testing in order to increase defect detection. These test
techniques range from “quick tests” in which the tester has no formally pre-planned activities to perform,
through pre-planned sessions to scripted sessions.
Experience-based testing has the following advantages:
It is effective at finding defects.
It may be a good alternative to more structured approaches in cases where system documentation is poor.
It can be applied when testing time is severely restricted.
It helps the team become familiar with the software as it is produced.
It is effective when operational failures are analyzed.
Experience-based testing has the following disadvantages:
It may be inappropriate in systems requiring detailed test documentation.
High-levels of repeatability are difficult to achieve.
The ability to precisely assess test coverage is limited.
Tests are less suited for subsequent automation.
55. Test Techniques
Error Guessing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
When using the error guessing technique, a Test Analyst uses experience to guess the potential errors that
might have been made when the code was being designed and developed. When the expected errors have
been identified, a Test Analyst then determines the best methods to use to uncover the resulting defects.
For example, if a Test Analyst expects the software will exhibit failures when an invalid password is
entered, tests will be run to enter a variety of different values in the password field to verify if the error
was indeed made and has resulted in a defect that can be seen as a failure when the tests are run.
In addition to being used as a test technique, error guessing is also useful during risk analysis to identify
potential failure modes.
The following limitations and difficulties apply to error guessing:
Coverage is difficult to assess and varies widely with the capability and experience of the Test Analyst.
It is best used by an experienced tester who is familiar with the types of defects that are commonly introduced in the
type of code being tested.
It is commonly used, but is frequently not documented and so may be less reproducible than other forms of testing.
Test cases may be documented but in a way that only the author understands and can reproduce.
56. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst 2019 Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
58. Test Techniques
Checklist Based Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
When applying the checklist-based test technique, an experienced Test Analyst uses a high-level,
generalized list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which
a test object has to be verified. These checklists are built based on a set of standards, experience, and
other considerations. A user interface standard checklist can be employed as the basis for testing an
application and is an example of a checklist-based test. In Agile projects, checklists can be built from the
acceptance criteria for a user story.
Checklist-based testing is most effective in projects with an experienced test team that is familiar with
the software under test or familiar with the area covered by the checklist (e.g., to successfully apply a
user interface checklist, the Test Analyst may be familiar with user interface testing but not the specific
system under test). Because checklists are high-level and tend to lack the detailed steps commonly found
in test cases and test procedures, the knowledge of the tester is used to fill in the gaps. By removing the
detailed steps, checklists are low maintenance and can be applied to multiple similar releases.
Checklists are well-suited to projects where software is released and changed quickly. This helps to
reduce both the preparation and maintenance time for test documentation. They can be used for any test
level and are also used for regression testing and smoke testing.
59. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst 2019 Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
61. Test Techniques
Exploratory Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Exploratory testing is characterized by the tester simultaneously learning about the test object and its
defects, planning the testing work to be done, designing and executing the tests, and reporting the
results. The tester dynamically adjusts test goals during execution and prepares only lightweight
documentation.
Good exploratory testing is planned, interactive, and creative. It requires little documentation about the
system to be tested and is often used in situations where the documentation is not available or is not
adequate for other test techniques. Exploratory testing is often used to add to other test techniques and
to serve as a basis for the development of additional test cases.
Difficulty with exploratory sessions is to accurately track them in a test management system. This is
sometimes done by creating test cases that are actually exploratory sessions. This allows the time
allocated for the exploratory testing and the planned coverage to be tracked with the other test efforts.
Since reproducibility may be difficult with exploratory testing, this can also cause problems when needing
to recall the steps to reproduce a failure. Some organizations use the capture/playback capability of a
test automation tool to record the steps taken by an exploratory tester. This provides a complete record
of all activities during the exploratory session (or any experience-based testing session).
Charters may be designed for specific tasks, objectives, and deliverables. Exploratory sessions are then
planned to achieve those criteria. The charter may also identify where to focus the test effort, what is in
and out of scope of the test session, and what resources should be committed to complete the planned
tests.
62. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
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Chapter 3
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4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
64. Test Techniques
Applying the Best Technique
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Defect- and experience-based techniques require the application of knowledge about defects and other
testing experiences to target testing in order to increase defect detection. They range from “quick tests”
in which the tester has no formally pre-planned activities to perform, through pre-planned sessions to
scripted sessions.
They are almost always useful but have particular value in the following circumstances:
No specifications are available
There is poor documentation of the system under test
Insufficient time is allowed to design and create detailed tests
Testers are experienced in the domain and/or the technology
Diversity from scripted testing is a goal to maximize test coverage
Operational failures are to be analyzed
Defect- and experience-based techniques are also useful when used in conjunction with specification
based techniques, as they fill the gaps in test coverage that result from systematic weaknesses in these
techniques. As with the specification-based techniques, there is not one perfect technique for all
situations.
65. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
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Chapter 3
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4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
67. Test Techniques
Defect Based Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A defect-based test technique is one in which the type of defect sought is used as the basis for test design,
with tests derived systematically from what is known about the type of defect. Unlike blackbox testing
which derives its tests from the test basis, defect-based testing derives tests from lists which focus on
defects. In general, the lists may be organized into defect types, root causes, failure symptoms and other
defect-related data.
Standard lists apply to multiple types of software and are non-product specific. Using these lists helps to
leverage industry standard knowledge to derive the particular tests.
Defect-based testing may also use lists of identified risks and risk scenarios as a basis for targeting testing.
This test technique allows a Test Analyst to target a specific type of defect or to work systematically
through a list of known and common defects of a particular type.
Defect-based testing can be applied at any testing level but is most commonly applied during system
testing.
68. Test Techniques
Defect Based Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh
Which of the following describes typical characteristics of defect-based testing techniques?
a) Defect-based techniques are based on the analysis and classification of previously found defects.
b) Defect-based techniques are mainly used at the component test level.
c) Defect-based techniques concentrate on defects found during the analysis of the documentation of a
system.
d) Defect-based techniques are a sub-category of specification-based techniques.
Select ONE option.
69. Test Techniques
1 Testing Process 2 Test Management 3 Test Techniques
Software Testing
ISTQB Advance Test Analyst 2019 Exam Preparation
Chapter 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh
4 Testing Quality
Characteristics
5 Reviews 6 Test Tools
70. Test Techniques
Sample Questions
1. Which of the following statements BEST explains experience-based testing?
a) If the testers are experienced and have good knowledge of the system under test, experience based
techniques are a viable alternative to more formal techniques if there are problems with the quality
of the documentation or if the project is under a tight schedule.
b) Experience-based techniques should generally be used if there are no suitable formal techniques or
if it takes too much time and effort to use them.
c) Experience-based techniques rely on the tester’s knowledge and experience and can therefore be
used to increase the test coverage as the tester knows which areas need more testing.
d) If checklists are used, experience-based testing can be more systematic and efficient and can
replace specification-based techniques.
Select ONE options
Neeraj Kumar Singh
71. Test Techniques
Sample Questions
2. You are a Test Analyst on a new project. The requirements documents are on a very high level,
containing little detail about the problem the software should address. As a result, your manager has
decided that exploratory testing will be a primary test technique used for this project. You have
been given the task of specifying, executing, and recording the test sessions.
Which of the options below define what you will need or will use for specifying, executing, and
recording the sessions.
a) Use debriefing sessions with the test manager or a test lead to record the results of the test
sessions.
b) Log defects into the defect management system but do not record a pass/fail for the exploratory
session because duplicating the results could be difficult.
c) Define the test cases to be executed and enter them into the test management tool for tracking.
d) Procure domain knowledge to be applied during the exploratory session.
e) Record the results in email and send the email to the test manager and test lead.
Select TWO options
Neeraj Kumar Singh
72. Test Techniques
Sample Questions
3. You are testing an application that handles credit card transactions. Because of the nature of the
application, the demands for the quality of the system are high: the system shall work accurately
and in compliance with the regulations regarding the applications dealing with credit cards. In
addition, as there are many systems to which this application is connected to, the interaction
between them is critical and shall be flawless.
Which of the following techniques would be MOST appropriate when testing this application?
a) Error guessing
b) Decision table testing
c) Usability testing
d) State transition testing
e) Exploratory testing
Select TWO options
Neeraj Kumar Singh