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Authors: Wang, Xiaoni | Sun, Yu | Li, Taoran | Cai, Yanning | Han, Ying

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the main cause of dementia, is characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ). This pathophysiological process starts many years to decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and amyloid positron emission tomography scans are two standard methods to measure brain Aβ, but their invasive nature and expense limit their usage as screening tools. Therefore, peripheral Aβ studies have grown exponentially during the past few years. In this review, we discuss recent studies on plasma Aβ and its potential as a reliable biomarker of AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, biomarker, cognitive decline, plasma amyloid-beta

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-190714

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 819-832, 2020

Authors: Chen, Guanqun | Zhao, Mingyan | Yang, Kun | Lin, Hua | Han, Chunlei | Wang, Xiaoni | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Education plays a potential important effect on the prevalence and incidence of dementia. However, most of the evidence based on convenience sampling. Objective: To explore effects of education on cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and cognitive impairment (CI) from a population-based study. Methods: We examined the effect of education on cognition among individuals with SCD (n  = 451) and CI (n  = 280) from a population-based study. A series of neuropsychological tests of memory, executive, language, and general cognitive function were used to assess the participants. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that education has a positive effect on …cognition in both SCD and CI group in the population-based research. Further stratification study showed that the beneficial effect of education remains in the SCD group regardless of the education level, especially in the SCD participants with a low education level. However, that effect of education exists in the CI group with a low education level and disappears in the high education level. Conclusion: These results from a population-based sample suggest that high educational attainment may delay cognitive decline in the individuals with SCD regardless of high or low educational level, and high education only predicts cognition in those in the low educational level in CI group. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive reserve, dementia, education, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive decline

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-201170

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 653-661, 2021

Authors: Sheng, Can | Lin, Li | Lin, Hua | Wang, Xiaoni | Han, Ying | Liu, Shu-Lin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the earliest symptomatic manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Gut microbiota may serve as a susceptibility factor for AD. Altered gut microbiota has been reported in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia. However, whether gut microbial compositions changed in SCD remains largely unknown. Objective: To characterize the gut microbiota in SCD. Methods: In this study, a total of 105 participants including 38 normal controls (NC), 53 individuals with SCD, and 14 patients with cognitive impairment (CI) were recruited. Gut microbiota of all participants isolated from fecal samples were investigated using 16S …ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Illumina Miseq sequencing technique. The gut microbial compositions were compared among the three groups, and the association between altered gut microbiota and cognitive performance was analyzed. To validate the alteration of gut microbiota in SCD, we conducted amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) in selected participants and further compared the gut microbiota among subgroups. Results: The abundance of phylum Firmicutes , class Clostridia , order Clostridiales , family Ruminococcaceae , and genus Faecalibacterium showed a trend toward a progressive decline from NC to SCD and CI. Specifically, the abundance of the anti-inflammatory genus Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in SCD compared with NC. In addition, altered bacterial taxa among the three groups were associated with cognitive performance. The findings were validated in SCD participants with positive amyloid evidence. Conclusion: The composition of gut microbiota is altered in individuals with SCD. This preliminary study will provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of AD. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, gut microbiota, 16S ribosomal RNA, subjective cognitive decline

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210259

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 513-526, 2021

Authors: Sheng, Can | Yang, Kun | Wang, Xiaoni | Li, Hongyan | Li, Taoran | Lin, Li | Liu, Yi | Yang, Qin | Wang, Xiaoqi | Wang, Xue | Sun, Yu | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered the earliest symptomatic manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, given the lack of effective and curable pharmacological treatments for AD, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) for individuals with SCD may provide a valuable opportunity for the secondary prevention of AD. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, aimed to investigate the benefits of current NPIs in the population with SCD. Methods: The online electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of NPIs for SCD. …Intervention strategies were psychological and health-related education interventions, mind-body therapy, lifestyle modification, cognitive training, and multidomain interventions. Outcomes included subjective memory, objective memory, global cognitive function, psychological well-being, and mood. Study quality was determined using the criteria of the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. The Hedges’ g of change was analyzed. Results: Eighteen studies were included in this review and meta-analysis. Overall, psychological and health-related education interventions exhibited a medium effect on objective memory function (Hedges’ g  = 0.53, p  = 0.01). Cognitive training led to a small effect on objective memory, which was marginal statistically (Hedges’ g  = 0.19, p  = 0.05). In addition, cognitive training also significantly improved subjective memory performance (Hedges’ g  = 0.49, p  = 0.0003) and psychological well-being (Hedges’ g  = 0.27, p  = 0.03). Conclusion: Overall, the psychological intervention and cognitive training may be beneficial to cognitive function and psychological well-being. NPIs may be effectively implemented in older adults with SCD. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive training, intervention, lifestyle, non-pharmacological, psychological, subjective cognitive decline

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-191295

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 903-920, 2020

Authors: Sheng, Can | Sun, Yu | Wang, Min | Wang, Xiaoni | Liu, Yi | Pang, Dongqing | Liu, Jiaqi | Bi, Xiaoxia | Du, Wenying | Zhao, Mingyan | Li, Yuxia | Li, Xiaobo | Jiang, Jiehui | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Visual rating scales for medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and posterior atrophy (PA) have been reported to be useful for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis in routine clinical practice. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of combined MTA and PA visual rating scales to discriminate amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients from healthy controls. Methods: This study included T1-weighted MRI images from two different cohorts. In the first cohort, we recruited 73 patients with aMCI and 48 group-matched cognitively normal controls for training and validation. Visual assessments of MTA and PA were carried out for each participant. Global gray matter volume and …density were estimated using voxel-based morphometry analysis as the objective reference. We investigated the discriminative power of a single visual rating scale and the combination of the MTA and PA rating scales for identifying aMCI. The second cohort, consisting of 33 aMCI patients and 45 controls, was used to verify the reliability of the visual assessments. Results: Compared with the single visual rating scale, the combination of the MTA and PA exhibited the best discriminative power, with an AUC of 0.818±0.041, which was similar to the diagnostic accuracy of the gray matter volumetric measures. The discriminative power of the combined MTA and PA was verified in the second cohort (AUC 0.824±0.058). Conclusion: The combined MTA and PA rating scales demonstrated practical diagnostic value for distinguishing aMCI patients from controls, suggesting its potential to serve as a convenient and reproducible method to assess the degree of atrophy in clinical settings. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging, medial temporal lobe atrophy, mild cognitive impairment, posterior atrophy, visual rating scales

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200016

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 323-337, 2020

Authors: Hao, Lixiao | Wang, Xiaoni | Zhang, Ling | Xing, Yue | Guo, Qihao | Hu, Xiaochen | Mu, Bin | Chen, Yili | Chen, Guanqun | Cao, Jing | Zhi, Xiaodong | Liu, Jiaojiao | Li, Xuanyu | Yang, Liu | Li, Jiachen | Du, Wenying | Sun, Yu | Wang, Ting | Liu, Zhen | Liu, Zheng | Zhao, Xuexue | Li, Hongyan | Yu, Yang | Wang, Xue | Jia, Jianguo | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Substantial studies have reported the prevalence and the affecting factors of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The complaints screening scale has also been used for probing. However, little is known in China. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SCD, and explore an SCD complaints screening scale in China. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling was conducted. 2,689 residents aged 60–80 years completed questionnaire 1. 814 residents were included for clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. Two standards were used to make the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and SCD, and a preliminary screening rate comparison was carried out. Finally, …we assessed the risk factors of SCD and the correlation between the SCD-questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Long Delay Free Recall (AVLT-LR). Results: 1) Standard 1 (ADNI2): the prevalence of SCD was 18.8% (95% CI = 14.7–22.9%) and zero conformed to six criteria (SCD plus). 2) Standard 2 (Jak/Bondi): the prevalence of SCD was 14.4% (95% CI = 10.7–18.1%). 3) Standard 1 had a relatively higher “false” positive rate, whereas Standard 2 had higher “false” negative rate. 4) Age, low education, fewer close friends, and daily drinking were independent risk factors for SCD progressing to MCI. 5) Total points of SCD-Q9 were negatively correlated to the value of AVLT-LR. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCD is high in the ShunYi District in Beijing, China. Age, low education, less social support, and daily drinking are independent risk factors. The brief SCD-Q9 can be used as a reference. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, prevalence, risk factors, SCD-Q9, subjective cognitive decline

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170347

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 371-388, 2017