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Authors: Chen, Guanqun | Yang, Kun | Du, Wenying | Hu, Xiaochen | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to the self-perception of cognitive decline among cognitively normal elderly individuals. SCD related worry confers a higher risk of developing cognitive decline. However, the clinical characteristics of SCD patients with worry are not clear. Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of SCD patients with worry. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with 270 consecutive participants of the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) study. Participants were classified as normal controls (n  = 36), SCD patients without worry (n  = 91), or SCD patients with worry (n  = 143) and were comprehensively compared on 1) their …self-perception of cognitive decline, 2) multiple cognitive domains, 3) neuropsychiatric symptoms, and 4) sleep status. Results: SCD patients with worry had significantly more self-perception of cognitive decline (p  < 0.001); increased depression (p  < 0.001) and anxiety (p  < 0.001); decreased sleep quality (p  < 0.001), sleep latency (p  < 0.05), sleep time (p  < 0.01), and sleep efficiency (p  < 0.05); more sleep disorders (p  < 0.05) and daytime dysfunction (p  < 0.05); and a higher global score on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (p  < 0.001) than normal controls. Although there was a significant increase only in self-perception of cognitive decline (p  < 0.001), anxiety (p  < 0.001), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (p  < 0.05), the severity of the increase in those without worry was between that in SCD patients with worry and normal controls. Conclusion: Our findings show that participants who had SCD with worry showed distinct clinical characteristics compared with normal controls and SCD patients without worry, which could be useful for understanding the higher risk in SCD patients with worry of subsequently developing Alzheimer’s disease. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, clinical characteristic, neuropsychiatric symptoms, prevention trials, sleep disorders, subjective cognitive decline, subjective cognitive decline questionnaire

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-190501

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 443-454, 2019

Authors: Yang, Kun | Chen, Guanqun | Sheng, Can | Xie, Yunyan | Li, Yuxia | Hu, Xiaochen | Sun, Yu | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) and brain reserve (BR) could offer protective effects on cognition in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the effects of CR or BR on cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are not clear. Objective: To explore the effects of CR and BR on cognition in subjects with SCD. Methods: We included 149 subjects from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) study. Education was used as a proxy for CR, and head circumference was used as a proxy for BR. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine the effects of …CR and BR on cognitive scores. Furthermore, we assessed differences in effects between APOE ɛ 4 carriers with SCD (n  = 35) and APOE ɛ 4 non-carriers with SCD (n  = 114) and linear trends among 4 reserve levels (low BR/CR, high BR/low CR, low BR/high CR, and high BR/high CR). Results: Both CR and BR had independent positive effects on multiple cognitive measures in SCD participants, and the effects of CR were greater than those of BR. CR has positive effects on cognitive measures in both APOE ɛ 4 carriers and non-carriers with SCD. However, the positive effects of BR on cognitive measures were observed in APOE ɛ 4 non-carriers with SCD but not in APOE ɛ 4 carriers with SCD. Furthermore, there was a linear trend toward better cognitive performance on all cognitive measures in the BR+/CR+ group, followed by the BR–/CR+, BR+/CR–, and BR–/CR–groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that both CR and BR have the potential to delay or slow cognitive decline in individuals with SCD. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Apolipoprotein E, brain reserve, cognition, cognitive reserve, dementia, education, head circumference, reserve, subjective cognitive decline

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200082

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 249-260, 2020

Authors: Chen, Guanqun | Zhao, Mingyan | Yang, Kun | Lin, Hua | Han, Chunlei | Wang, Xiaoni | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Education plays a potential important effect on the prevalence and incidence of dementia. However, most of the evidence based on convenience sampling. Objective: To explore effects of education on cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and cognitive impairment (CI) from a population-based study. Methods: We examined the effect of education on cognition among individuals with SCD (n  = 451) and CI (n  = 280) from a population-based study. A series of neuropsychological tests of memory, executive, language, and general cognitive function were used to assess the participants. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that education has a positive effect on …cognition in both SCD and CI group in the population-based research. Further stratification study showed that the beneficial effect of education remains in the SCD group regardless of the education level, especially in the SCD participants with a low education level. However, that effect of education exists in the CI group with a low education level and disappears in the high education level. Conclusion: These results from a population-based sample suggest that high educational attainment may delay cognitive decline in the individuals with SCD regardless of high or low educational level, and high education only predicts cognition in those in the low educational level in CI group. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive reserve, dementia, education, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive decline

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-201170

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 653-661, 2021

Authors: Chen, Guanqun | Liu, Chunhua | Yang, Kun | Li, Yuxia | Sheng, Can | Xie, Yunyan | Hu, Xiaochen | Jiang, Jiehui | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Clinical research has demonstrated that brain reserve (BR) could exert positive effects on cognition for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the effects of BR on cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are not clear. Objective: To examine cross-sectional effects of BR on cognition in SCD populations. Methods: One hundred forty-nine subjects were studied from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) study. Head circumference was used as a proxy of BR. Cognition was assessed across four domains (memory, executive, language, and general cognitive functions). Multiple linear regression models were conducted …to examine effects of BR on cognitive scores. Furthermore, we addressed the question that whether the degree of self-perception of cognitive decline modified the effect of BR on cognitive performance in SCD subjects. Results: We found a positive effect of BR on language cognition in subjects with SCD. Furthermore, the positive effect of BR on language cognition survived in SCD participants with a low degree of self-perception of cognitive decline while disappeared in SCD participants with a high degree of self-perception of cognitive decline. Conclusion: This study suggests that BR has the potential to delay or slow down cognitive decline in SCD individuals, especially for mild SCD. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, brain reserve, head circumference, subjective cognitive decline, subjective cognitive decline questionnaire

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200005

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 1203-1210, 2020

Authors: Hao, Lixiao | Wang, Xiaoni | Zhang, Ling | Xing, Yue | Guo, Qihao | Hu, Xiaochen | Mu, Bin | Chen, Yili | Chen, Guanqun | Cao, Jing | Zhi, Xiaodong | Liu, Jiaojiao | Li, Xuanyu | Yang, Liu | Li, Jiachen | Du, Wenying | Sun, Yu | Wang, Ting | Liu, Zhen | Liu, Zheng | Zhao, Xuexue | Li, Hongyan | Yu, Yang | Wang, Xue | Jia, Jianguo | Han, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Substantial studies have reported the prevalence and the affecting factors of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The complaints screening scale has also been used for probing. However, little is known in China. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SCD, and explore an SCD complaints screening scale in China. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling was conducted. 2,689 residents aged 60–80 years completed questionnaire 1. 814 residents were included for clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. Two standards were used to make the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and SCD, and a preliminary screening rate comparison was carried out. Finally, …we assessed the risk factors of SCD and the correlation between the SCD-questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Long Delay Free Recall (AVLT-LR). Results: 1) Standard 1 (ADNI2): the prevalence of SCD was 18.8% (95% CI = 14.7–22.9%) and zero conformed to six criteria (SCD plus). 2) Standard 2 (Jak/Bondi): the prevalence of SCD was 14.4% (95% CI = 10.7–18.1%). 3) Standard 1 had a relatively higher “false” positive rate, whereas Standard 2 had higher “false” negative rate. 4) Age, low education, fewer close friends, and daily drinking were independent risk factors for SCD progressing to MCI. 5) Total points of SCD-Q9 were negatively correlated to the value of AVLT-LR. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCD is high in the ShunYi District in Beijing, China. Age, low education, less social support, and daily drinking are independent risk factors. The brief SCD-Q9 can be used as a reference. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, prevalence, risk factors, SCD-Q9, subjective cognitive decline

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170347

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 371-388, 2017