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Rebecca-Jo Thiele, Benjamin Grünhagel, Maximilian Muenchhoff, Maria Pujantell-Graell, Linda Jocham, Arne Düsedau, Jana Hennesen, Heike Hildebrandt, Sven Hendrik Hagen, Deborah Sandfort, Madeleine J Bunders, Oliver T Keppler, Christian Hoffmann, Marcus Altfeld, Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells After TLR7 Stimulation Is Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reservoir Sizes in Cisgender Women With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Therapy, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 229, Issue 6, 15 June 2024, Pages 1781–1785, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae013
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease manifestations differ between cisgender women and men, including better control of viral replication during primary infection and less frequent residual HIV-1 replication on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in cisgender women with HIV-1 (WWH). Investigating plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) functions and HIV-1 reservoir sizes in 20 WWH on stable ART, we observed inverse correlations between interferon-α and tumor necrosis factor responses of pDCs to Toll-like receptor 7/8 stimulation and intact/total proviral HIV-1 DNA levels. Additionally, ISG15 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated with cytokine responses of pDCs. These findings demonstrate an association between higher type I interferon responses and lower HIV-1 reservoir sizes in WWH on ART, warranting studies to identify the underlying mechanisms.