Advance articles
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Corrected Proof
Research Article 19 January 2024
Role of Histiocyte-Derived frHMGB1 as a Facilitator in Noncanonical Pyroptosis of Monocytes/Macrophages in Lethal Sepsis
Yu Tian and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae020, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae020Published: 19 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleThis study uncovers the pivotal role of noncanonical pyroptosis in lethal sepsis progression. Inhibiting pyroptosis alone improves the survival of septic mice. HMGB1 A box suppresses noncanonical pyroptosis, offering potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate lethal sepsis.
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Research Article 17 January 2024
Torque Teno Virus Load Is Associated With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stage and CD4+ Cell Count in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus but Seems Unrelated to AIDS-Defining Events and Human Pegivirus Load
Pia L Esser and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae014, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae014Published: 17 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleTorque teno virus (TTV) load relates to CD4+ T-cell count and human pegivirus load in treatment-naive HIV patients and shows a strong property as a biomarker for immunodeficiency (CDC stages 1–3) but not for human pegivirus load or AIDS-defining events.
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Research Article 17 January 2024
Characteristic Profiling of Soluble Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Neurosyphilis
Dongmei Xu and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae008, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae008Published: 17 January 2024 Section: Major ArticlePatients with neurosyphilis at different stages have distinctive patterns of soluble factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which are correlated with immune status and neuronal damage. Moreover, CSF biomarker panels were identified that may accurately discriminate neurosyphilis at different stages.
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Research Article 17 January 2024
Antibody-Mediated Serum Resistance Protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa During Bloodstream Infections
Sarah M Hickson and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad457, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad457Published: 17 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleCloaking antibodies (cAbs) paradoxically protect bacteria from serum killing. Here we show that cAbs are prevalent in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSIs and allow survival of otherwise serum-sensitive bacteria. Generation of cAbs may increase susceptibility to bloodstream infections.
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Research Article 16 January 2024
Deciphering Factors Linked With Reduced Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Susceptibility in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Irene A Abela and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae002, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae002Published: 16 January 2024 Section: Major Article -
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Brief Report 12 January 2024
Distinct Inflammatory Phenotypes Are Associated With Subclinical and Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Padraig McGettrick and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae007, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae007Published: 12 January 2024 Section: Brief Report -
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Research Article 9 January 2024
Mucosal Immunity to Poliovirus in Children 0–15 Years of Age: A Community-Based Study in Karachi, Pakistan in 2019
Ali Faisal Saleem and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae006, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae006Published: 9 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleOne-seventh (14%) of participants excreted poliovirus after bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine challenge. Most had prior humoral immunity to poliovirus (PV), but some lacked mucosal immunity. This poses PV transmission risk to communities if replication-competent PV, whether wild-type or vaccine-derived, were to be introduced.
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Research Article 9 January 2024
Unraveling the Immune Signature of Herpes Zoster: Insights Into the Pathophysiology and Human Leukocyte Antigen Risk Profile
Romi Vandoren and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad609, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad609Published: 9 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleUsing gene expression and association studies, our research uncovered the major histocompatibility complex locus as a major risk factor for the development of herpes zoster. Additionally, a clear type I interferon and adaptive immune signature were identified in individuals with herpes zoster.
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Brief Report 9 January 2024
Identification of a Spike-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Epitope Following Vaccination Against the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Humans
Caroline E Harrer and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad612, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad612Published: 9 January 2024 Section: Brief ReportThis study reports for the first time the identification of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike-specific CD8+ T-cell epitope in an HLA-A*03/HLA-B*35-positive individual following MVA-MERS-S vaccination. This contributes to the limited understanding of T-cell immunity against MERS-CoV.
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Research Article 5 January 2024
Persistent Low-Level Variants in a Subset of Viral Genes Are Highly Predictive of Poor Outcome in Immunocompromised Patients With Cytomegalovirus Infection
Cristina Venturini and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae001, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae001Published: 5 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleIn this study, we explore the complex relationship between cytomegalovirus infections and clinical outcomes in transplant recipients and propose strategies for monitoring viral dynamics to optimize treatment and prevent failure to respond to antiviral therapies.
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Research Article 5 January 2024
Association of Oral Microbiome With Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Population Study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2012
Xinyi Feng and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiae004, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae004Published: 5 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleOral microbiome α-diversity (within-sample richness and phylogenetic diversity) and β-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and unweighted UniFrac distance) are associated with high-risk oral HPV infection, and the associations are driven by males.
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Research Article 5 January 2024
Metabolomic Signatures Differentiate Immune Responses in Avian Influenza Vaccine Recipients
Leigh M Howard and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad611, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad611Published: 5 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleFollowing AS03-adjuvanted influenza A/H5N1 vaccine, enrichment of tryptophan, tyrosine, and nicotinate metabolism pathways was associated with serologic response. More specifically, increased urine abundance of benzoate-metabolism–related 4-vinylphenol sulfate on day 1 postvaccination was highly associated with serologic response.
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Research Article 3 January 2024
The Ability of a 3-Gene Host Signature in Blood to Distinguish Tuberculous Meningitis From Other Brain Infections
Julie Huynh and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad606, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad606Published: 3 January 2024 Section: Major ArticleHost immune signatures to diagnose tuberculosis show promise, but have not been investigated in tuberculous meningitis. We demonstrate the ability of a whole-blood 3-gene host signature to discriminate tuberculous meningitis from other brain infections, including individuals with HIV.
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Research Article 30 December 2023
Ectopic Expression of C-Type Lectin Mincle Renders Mice Susceptible to Staphylococcal Pneumonia
Femke D Hollwedel and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad608, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad608Published: 30 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study characterized the 2 glycolipids of Staphylococcus aureus, Glc-DAG and Glc2-DAG, acting as molecular patterns with opposing activities in Mincle-dependent lung anti-staphylococcal immunity in mice.
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Research Article 29 December 2023
A Multiseason Randomized Controlled Trial of Advax-Adjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Participants With Chronic Disease or Older Age
Dimitar Sajkov and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad589, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad589Published: 29 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis trial confirmed that an Advax-adjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine was safe and well tolerated in high-risk individuals with chronic disease or older age, with positive impacts on their anti-influenza antibody responses.
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Brief Report 27 December 2023
Oral β-Lactam Pairs for the Treatment of Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease
Dereje A Negatu and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad591, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad591Published: 27 December 2023 Section: Brief Report -
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Research Article 22 December 2023
Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics by Body Mass Index Category in Phase 3/3b Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine Trials
Emilie R Elliot and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad580, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad580Published: 22 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleCAB + RPV LA is effective in the maintenance of HIV-1 virologic suppression in adults regardless of BMI category, with longer-length needles (≥2 inches) recommend for those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 to accommodate individual body habitus and ensure appropriate administration.
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Research Article 22 December 2023
Delayed Mucosal Antiviral Responses Despite Robust Peripheral Inflammation in Fatal COVID-19
Jasmin K Sidhu and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad590, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad590Published: 22 December 2023 Section: Major Article -
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Research Article 22 December 2023
Safety and Immunogenicity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion Maternal Vaccine Coadministered With Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine: A Phase 2 Study
Nerea Hermida and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad560, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad560Published: 22 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein stabilized in the prefusion conformation (RSVPreF3) vaccine was tolerable when coadministered with diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (dTpa) in healthy nonpregnant women, and induced robust immune responses.
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Brief Report 22 December 2023
Seroreversion to Chlamydia trachomatis Pgp3 Antigen Among Children in a Hyperendemic Region of Amhara, Ethiopia
Christine Tedijanto and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad602, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad602Published: 22 December 2023 Section: Brief Report -
Corrected Proof
Research Article 22 December 2023
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infects Peripheral and Spinal Nerves and Induces Chemokine-Mediated Neuropathy
Kevin J Pollard and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad596, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad596Published: 22 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study provides evidence that respiratory syncytial virus, a common respiratory virus, causes neurotoxic infection of dorsal root ganglia peripheral nerves innervating the lungs and spinal cord and could cause release of replicating virus into the central nervous system, triggering monocyte infection, chemokine-induced neuroinflammation, and neurologic dysfunction.
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Brief Report 22 December 2023
Episodic Cost of Lower Respiratory Tract Illness due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among US Infants During the First Year of Life
Ahuva Averin and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad598, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad598Published: 22 December 2023 Section: Brief ReportCosts of lower respiratory tract illness due to respiratory syncytial virus are high in commercially insured and Medicaid-insured infants, especially among the youngest and those born prematurely.
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Research Article 22 December 2023
Concomitant Administration of Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF Protein Vaccine and High-Dose Influenza Vaccine in Adults 65 Years and Older: A Noninferiority Trial
Widagdo Widagdo and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad594, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad594Published: 22 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza vaccines would ideally be coadministered in adults ≥65 years. Coadministration of an RSV vaccine candidate (Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein) and Fluzone-HD had an acceptable safety profile and did not hamper the immunogenicity of either vaccine.
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Research Article 20 December 2023
Detecting Residual Chronic Salmonella Typhi Carriers on the Road to Typhoid Elimination in Santiago, Chile, 2017–2019
Rosanna M Lagos and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad585, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad585Published: 20 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleAlthough autochthonous (non-travel-related) typhoid cases in Santiago, Chile, are currently rare compared to the 1977–1991 hyperendemic era, 5 of 16 recent cases (2017–2019) were linked to 4 elderly female chronic carriers by household investigations and whole genome sequencing of isolates.
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Research Article 14 December 2023
Immunogenicity and Safety Following 1 Dose of AS01E-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Older Adults: A Phase 3 Trial
Tino F Schwarz and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad546, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad546Published: 14 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleOne dose of prefusion F protein–based vaccine for older adults administered to ≥60-year-olds induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses that remained above pre–dose 1 levels for at least 1 year. The vaccine was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile.
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Research Article 13 December 2023
Combinatorial Host-Response Biomarker Signature (BV Score) and Its Subanalytes TRAIL, IP-10, and C-Reactive Protein in Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Cihan Papan and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad573, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad573Published: 13 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleIn this study on the host-response biomarker BV score and its subanalytes TRAIL, IP-10, and CRP, children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia have atypically low levels of the BV score, resembling a viral infection.
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Research Article 8 December 2023
Long-term Sudan Virus Ebola Survivors Maintain Multiple Antiviral Defense Mechanisms
Ariel Sobarzo and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad555, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad555Published: 8 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleOur study in naturally recovered long-term Sudan virus survivors revealed durable polyfunctional humoral and cellular memory immune responses with distinctive gene expression signatures, which may provide long-lasting protective immunity and help to define the ebolavirus correlate of protection.
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Brief Report 8 December 2023
Characterization of Humoral Responses to Nipah Virus Infection in the Syrian Hamster Model of Disease
Florine E M Scholte and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad557, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad557Published: 8 December 2023 Section: Brief ReportHamsters infected with NiV develop antibodies against the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein. While neutralizing antibodies do not develop until late in infection, early nonneutralizing antibodies possess Fc-mediated effector functions such as antibody-dependent complement deposition and antibody-dependent phagocytosis.
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Research Article 7 December 2023
Harnessing Endogenous Peptide Compounds as Potential Therapeutics for Severe Influenza
Alison C West and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad566, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad566Published: 7 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleExcessive pulmonary inflammation and damage are characteristic features of severe influenza virus infections. LAT9997 is a linear peptide fragment derived from human growth hormone. This study provides preclinical evidence that therapeutic LAT9997 treatment limits viral burden, hyperinflammation, and lung damage.
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Research Article 7 December 2023
The Annual Economic Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults in the United States
Justin Carrico and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad559, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad559Published: 7 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleRSV cases in US adults aged ≥60 years were estimated to contribute a total annual cost of $6.6 billion (95% uncertainty interval, $3.1–$12.9 billion), including $2.9 billion in direct costs and $3.7 billion in indirect costs.
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Research Article 7 December 2023
A Bedaquiline, Pyrazinamide, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, and Clofazimine Second-line Regimen for Tuberculosis Displays Similar Early Bactericidal Activity as the Standard Rifampin-Based First-line Regimen
Kayvan Zainabadi and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad564, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad564Published: 7 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study reports that the early bactericidal activity of a bedaquiline-based second-line regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is similar to that of the standard rifampin-based first-line regimen for drug-sensitive TB.
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Research Article 2 December 2023
Clinical Impact of Serious Respiratory Disease in Children Under the Age of 2 Years During the 2021–2022 Bronchiolitis Season in England, Scotland, and Ireland
Thomas C Williams and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad551, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad551Published: 2 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleThe BronchStart study collected data on 17 899 presentations in children aged <2 years with serious respiratory disease following the lifting of lockdown measures. For infant admissions, 51.3% were not associated with RSV; the majority were in previously healthy term infants.
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Research Article 2 December 2023
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Emergency Department, Urgent Care, and Hospitalization Encounters Among US Adults, 2022–2023
Mark W Tenforde and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad542, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad542Published: 2 December 2023 Section: Major ArticleAmong US adults, including older adults and persons with high-risk medical conditions, influenza vaccination provided moderate protection against influenza A–associated emergency department or urgent care encounters (vaccine effectiveness [VE], 44%) and hospitalizations (VE, 35%) during the 2022–2023 influenza season.
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Research Article 30 November 2023
RSV Neutralizing Antibodies in Dried Blood
Jonne Terstappen and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad543, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad543Published: 30 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleNeutralizing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in serum and dried blood are highly correlated, are stable in dried blood for 6 months, and can withstand temperature variation. Dried blood samples are a patient-centered and logistical solution for clinical trials.
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Research Article 30 November 2023
Ceftriaxone Efficacy for Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease in the Hollow Fiber and Translation to Sustained Sputum Culture Conversion in Patients
Devyani Deshpande and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad545, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad545Published: 30 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleLung disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex shows response rates in only 40% of patients treated with the standard-of-care combination regimen. Ceftriaxone, an old drug, demonstrated better efficacy and is predicted to shorten therapy duration in patients 2.4-fold.
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Brief Report 29 November 2023
Differences in Rotavirus Shedding and Duration by Infant Oral Rotavirus Vaccination Status in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2011–2014
Jenna Ciszewski and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad502, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad502Published: 29 November 2023 Section: Brief ReportWe estimated the effect of rotavirus vaccination on duration and quantity of rotavirus shed during rotavirus gastroenteritis in Bangladesh. Virus quantity was lower in symptomatic vaccinated children compared to symptomatic unvaccinated children, but differences in episode duration were small.
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Research Article 29 November 2023
The Potential Benefits of Delaying Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Selections for the Northern Hemisphere: A Retrospective Modeling Study in the United States
Kyueun Lee and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad541, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad541Published: 29 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleWith expedited vaccine production, reconsidering existing timelines for seasonal influenza vaccine selection could result in substantial epidemiological advantages, especially when additional data could enhance the antigenic alignment between vaccine and prevalent viruses.
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Research Article 29 November 2023
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy Against Laboratory-Confirmed Seasonal Influenza Among Infants Under 6 Months of Age in Ontario, Canada
Deshayne B Fell and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad539, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad539Published: 29 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleInfluenza vaccination during pregnancy was protective against influenza infection and influenza hospitalization among infants <6 months of age. Because influenza vaccines are not available for this age group, vaccination during pregnancy can offer passive protection to young infants.
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Brief Report 23 November 2023
Variant-Specific IgA Protects Against Omicron Infection
Yun Shan Goh and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad525, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad525Published: 23 November 2023 Section: Brief ReportHigher variant-specific IgA, but not IgG, antibody response at 1 month after booster vaccination was associated with infection risk, where individuals, who remained uninfected over the follow-up period of at least 8 months, had higher variant-specific IgA than individuals who became infected.
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Research Article 23 November 2023
Cutavirus Infection in Large-Plaque Parapsoriasis, a Premalignant Condition of Mycosis Fungoides
Yumiko Hashida and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad521, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad521Published: 23 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study reports preferential detection of high levels of cutavirus DNA with the expression of viral mRNA in large-plaque parapsoriasis. This suggests a potential role for cutavirus in the pathogenesis of the disorder, a premalignant condition of mycosis fungoides.
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Review Article 22 November 2023
The Novavax Heterologous Coronavirus Disease 2019 Booster Demonstrates Lower Reactogenicity Than Messenger RNA: A Targeted Review
Anthony M Marchese and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad519, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad519Published: 22 November 2023 Section: Review -
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Research Article 16 November 2023
Immunogenicity and Safety of Heterologous Omicron BA.1 and Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Booster Vaccines: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial
Chijioke Bennett and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad508, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad508Published: 16 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleThe Omicron BA.1 variant–specific vaccine NVX-CoV2515 elicited a superior neutralizing antibody response against the Omicron BA.1 subvariant as compared with the prototype vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, when administered as a fourth dose. Safety data were consistent with the established safety profile of NVX-CoV2373.
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Research Article 16 November 2023
Varicella Zoster Virus Downregulates Expression of the Nonclassical Antigen Presentation Molecule CD1d
Renee Traves and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad512, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad512Published: 16 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study demonstrates the striking suppression of nonclassical antigen presentation molecule CD1d by varicella zoster virus (VZV). In identifying a novel VZV immunoevasive strategy, we also demonstrate preliminary investigations in the mechanisms underpinning the VZV-mediated downregulation of CD1d.
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Brief Report 16 November 2023
Cumulative Detection of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Over 2-Year Follow-up in Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in France
Jean-Damien Combes and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad506, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad506Published: 16 November 2023 Section: Brief ReportAmong 410 men having sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus and undergoing annual anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy, 33% had high-grade anal lesions detected within 2 years; strongest determinants were baseline positivity for human papillomavirus 16 and p16/Ki67.
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Research Article 15 November 2023
Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Type IV Secretion Effector SspA-1 Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production via TLR2 Endosomal and Type I Interferon Signaling
Supeng Yin and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad454, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad454Published: 15 November 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study revealed that SspA-1 of the highly virulent Streptococcus suis 2 strain induces an excessive inflammatory response via TLR2 endosomal and type I IFN signaling, unveiling a novel role of type I IFN in S. suis infection.
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Research Article 31 October 2023
High-Resolution Geospatial Mapping of Zero-Dose and Underimmunized Children Following Nigeria's 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey/National Immunization Coverage Survey
Anne Eudes Jean Baptiste and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad476, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad476Published: 31 October 2023 Section: Major ArticleNigeria has the highest number of children missing out on all routine immunization vaccinations—“zero-dose children.” Geospatial models can predict areas with zero-dose and underimmunized children for targeted interventions to achieve the Immunization Agenda 2030 goals.
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Research Article 11 October 2023
Trends for Syndromic Surveillance of Norovirus in Emergency Department Data Based on Chief Complaints
Soyeoun Kim and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad437, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad437Published: 11 October 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study aimed to determine if emergency department (ED) data could reflect norovirus trends. A significant correlation was found between reported cases, especially in children, and specific ED visit complaints. ED data can help detect infectious disease trends early.
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Research Article 6 October 2023
Adenosine Triphosphate Release From Influenza-Infected Lungs Enhances Neutrophil Activation and Promotes Disease Progression
Carola Ledderose and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad442, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad442Published: 6 October 2023 Section: Major ArticleInfluenza infection releases adenosine triphosphate that primes peripheral neutrophils and causes their excessive activation after they infiltrate the lungs. Thus, adenosine triphosphate–induced neutrophil priming may be a therapeutic target to reduce lung tissue damage in severe influenza cases.
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Research Article 5 October 2023
The Clinical and Economic Burden of Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Patients With Varicella Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Real-World Data in England
Stephanie A Kujawski and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad420, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad420Published: 5 October 2023 Section: Major ArticleThis study highlights high antibiotic use and healthcare resource utilization associated with varicella management, particularly in patients with complications. A national varicella vaccination program in England may reduce varicella burden and related complications, medication use, and costs.
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Research Article 5 October 2023
Protein Dose-Sparing Effect of AS01B Adjuvant in a Randomized Preventive HIV Vaccine Trial of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and Adjuvanted Bivalent Subtype C gp120
Zvavahera Mike Chirenje and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad434, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad434Published: 5 October 2023 Section: Major ArticleWe report results of HIV vaccine trial HVTN 120, which evaluated ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) boosted with MF59 or AS01B adjuvanted with gp120 at 2 doses. The highest CD4+ T-cell and binding antibody responses were in the lower dose gp120/AS01B regimen.
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Research Article 3 October 2023
Clinical Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subtypes in Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Ang Wei and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad435, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad435Published: 3 October 2023 Section: Major ArticleDifferent subtypes in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection demonstrated specific clinical features. Generally, patients with CD8+ T-cell type had a poor prognosis.
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Research Article 22 September 2023
The Fading of the Mpox Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Mathematical Modelling Study
Maria Xiridou and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad414, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad414Published: 22 September 2023 Section: Major ArticleModelling study shows that the decline in mpox cases among MSM in the Netherlands was primarily due to infection-induced immunity among those with high sexual activity levels and accelerated by behavioral adaptions. The outbreak could have faded even without vaccination.
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Research Article 22 September 2023
Oral Favipiravir Exposure and Pharmacodynamic Effects in Adult Outpatients With Acute Influenza
Frederick G Hayden and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad409, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad409Published: 22 September 2023 Section: Major ArticleIn influenza treatment, oral favipiravir failed to consistently reach target plasma concentrations and showed wide interindividual variability in concentrations associated with differences in favipiravir's metabolism and body weight. Higher oral doses and in seriously ill patients intravenous dosing require study.
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Brief Report 15 September 2023
Levels of Angiopoietin 2 Are Predictive for Mortality in Patients Infected With Yellow Fever Virus
Cornelia A M van de Weg and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad389, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad389Published: 15 September 2023 Section: Brief ReportMarkers of endothelial cell activation were measured in patients with yellow fever virus infection at the time of presentation. Extremely increased levels of angiopoietin 2 were detected in nonsurvivors vs survivors, suggesting that angiopoietin 2 could serve as a predictive marker for mortality.
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Research Article 4 September 2023
Genome-wide Association Study of Susceptibility to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization in Young Children <5 Years of age
Amanda Marie Egeskov-Cavling and othersThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad370, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad370Published: 4 September 2023 Section: Major ArticleWe conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate the association between the severity of RSV infection and genetic markers. Despite this being the largest GWAS of severe RSV infection, we did not detect any genome-wide significant loci.