The document provides a conceptual study for a remote region LNG supply project in Makassar, Indonesia. It analyzes potential supply locations, offtake locations, gas demand, transport modal options including small LNG carriers and barges, and regulatory requirements. The objective is to propose an optimized solution to supply 32 million standard cubic feet per day of natural gas to local power plants in Makassar starting in 2015. Key locations under consideration for the supply point are the Jakarta FSRU hub, Sengkang, Bontang, and Tangguh. For the offtake terminal, locations near Pertamina Depot 7, Paotere Port, and Untea Port are being evaluated.
This program is a valuable, detailed insight into FSRU
technology and markets. It will benefit:
• National Utility Operators and Power Generation
Providers
• Oil & Gas Engineers
• Naval Architects, Design Engineers, Shipbuilders &
Shipyard Managers
• EPCs
• LNG Terminal & Vessel Operators
• LNG Technology and Equipment Providers
LNG has potential as a ship fuel due to its clean burning properties and lower cost compared to diesel. However, it requires specialized cryogenic storage tanks, fuel systems, and safety precautions. Medium speed dual fuel engines are the most common propulsion option and allow ships to run on either LNG or diesel. Key challenges include the lack of LNG bunkering infrastructure and higher capital costs. Ferries and other short-sea vessels are generally best suited for LNG due to storage and bunkering requirements. The document discusses ship design considerations and options for LNG usage.
Introduction to Floating Storage & Regasification Unit (FSRU)petroEDGE
Over the next 2 or 3 decades it is predicted that gas usage will grow at a much faster rate than oil and become the dominant energy source. Up to some 40% of gas comes from Offshore Fields. The transport of gas in the form of LNG is growing very fast – particularly for longer distance export routes. New offshore opportunities for gas production are being developed with the new technologies of Floating LNG (FLNG).
Inshore or Offshore FSRU’s provide safe, strategic and good location for the receiving terminals for LNG and provide the conversion of the methane from the liquid phase back to the gaseous phase to direct consumer usage.
This 2 day training course covers Gas and LNG activities – their Supply Chain from Onshore and Offshore Gas Fields to Market, with FSRU’s providing the last step by converting the LNG back to usable methane gas for local supply and use. Case Studies and videos will be used to illustrate lessons learned from past successful projects. A DVD of the powerpoint presentation and numerous Industry videos will be distributed with the lecture materials.
The document summarizes PT Nusantara Regas's LNG FSRU business model. Some key points:
- PT Nusantara Regas operates an FSRU in Jakarta Bay that receives LNG from carriers and regasifies it for delivery to power plants and other gas buyers.
- The business aims to meet Indonesia's growing gas demand and reduce reliance on fuel subsidies by accelerating domestic gas utilization.
- An FSRU was chosen as it allows rapid deployment and is economically feasible for 10 years, until a permanent onshore terminal can be built.
- The business model involves managing LNG supply from existing sources, gas sales to power company PLN and other buyers,
Asia Days 2013 - Market opportunities for small LNG distributionInnovation Norway
This document summarizes opportunities for small scale LNG distribution and use in Asia. It discusses Innovation Norway's presence in various Asian countries and analyzes LNG opportunities specifically in Singapore, Indonesia, China, India, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. It also provides a case study on potential small scale LNG distribution via milk runs in Vietnam. Key points include Indonesia having 8 small scale LNG terminals planned by 2015 to supply power to Eastern Indonesia, China's growing LNG imports and planned LNG infrastructure expansion, and opportunities for Norwegian LNG companies in China involving regasification, distribution, bunkering, and maritime technologies.
This document discusses using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel for container ships. It notes that regulations have progressively lowered the allowed sulfur content in marine fuels. LNG produces lower emissions of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide compared to traditional ship fuels. For container ships, the payback time for investing in LNG fuel systems is shorter for smaller vessels. Technical challenges include storing the highly pressurized, low temperature LNG and insulating the fuel tanks. Two common storage methods are using ISO type C tanks installed at the stern or ISO LNG containers stored as cargo. The document provides an example calculation for the number of LNG containers needed for a specific container ship voyage. The first ship to use this LNG
Presentation for the award-winning paper of the same name, presented in Power-Gen Asia 2013 by Kari Punnonen, Area BDM, Oil & Gas Business, Wärtsilä Power Plants.
Download the paper at: http://www.wartsila.com/file/Wartsila/en/1278537230339a1267106724867-Small_and_Medium_size_LNG_for_Power_Production_KPunnonen.pdf
The document discusses the emergence of small scale liquified natural gas (LNG) facilities. Traditionally, LNG has been traded through large scale facilities involving long term contracts. However, as LNG production and transportation has increased, smaller scale import terminals are now viable to supply areas without access to gas grids. A typical small scale LNG terminal includes storage tanks, a marine jetty, regasification equipment, and loading facilities to distribute gas via trucks or pipelines. These terminals cost $25-100 million and can supply power plants, industries, shipping, and remote locations with a cleaner alternative to fuel oil or diesel. As energy needs transform and LNG becomes more available, small scale commodity trade of LNG is likely to
Environment, sustainability and reducing emissions are driving fuel flexibility and alternative fuel programs, replacing conventional fuels for combustion engines. LNG is today one of the best commercial and technical feasible options, but the dynamics of this fuel is introducing certain design considerations for such a solution. Wärtsilä is providing power and propulsion system solutions, guaranteeing optimum performance.
The presentation proposes building 3 liquefaction trains capable of producing 12 million tonnes of LNG annually on the existing terminal property. This would reduce the volume of natural gas shipped and allow use of the existing infrastructure. Conceptual site plans show locations for the liquefaction equipment, storage tanks, docks, and support facilities that could save costs and construction time. The adjacent site may also be suitable for worker housing and equipment staging.
Wison Offshore & Marine - FLNG solution Mar 2015Hisham Yusof
Wison provides liquefied natural gas (LNG) solutions including both offshore floating LNG (FLNG) and onshore LNG module fabrication. For the Exmar Caribbean FLNG project, Wison is constructing a floating LNG barge off Colombia's coast that will liquefy and store 0.5 million tonnes per annum of LNG, utilizing Black & Veatch liquefaction technology and LNG storage tanks from TGE. The FLNG barge is being built at Wison's yard in Nantong, China and will be transported to Colombia for installation after commissioning.
The document discusses technologies across the LNG value chain, including for gas production, liquefaction, storage, regasification, and transportation. It focuses on floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) as an emerging technology that allows for offshore natural gas extraction and processing. Key points include:
- FLNG involves extracting gas offshore, processing and liquefying it on a floating facility, then offloading the LNG to tankers for transport.
- The major steps in FLNG gas processing and LNG production include gas reception, stabilization, acid gas removal, dehydration, liquefaction, and storage on the floating facility.
- Technologies that enable FLNG include 3D/4D seismic
The document discusses Trelleborg Marine Systems and the services and solutions they provide for docking, mooring, and transfer applications for LNG facilities. Trelleborg offers a complete portfolio of solutions including quick release hooks, ship-shore links for LNG transfer, fender systems, and integrated project management. They emphasize their experience in the LNG market, worldwide expertise, and ability to provide customized and technically advanced solutions to maximize customer operations and safety.
This document discusses the classification of the largest floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) ever built. The FSRU has a capacity of 263,000 cubic meters, making it larger than any existing FSRU. Extensive analysis was conducted, including liquid motion analysis to study sloshing loads, strength analysis to verify hull structure, and fatigue analysis to ensure the structure can withstand forces over a 40-year lifespan. The classification society Bureau Veritas concluded that the cargo containment system and structural design were suitable and granted approval for the FSRU to operate safely.
This document discusses electric hybrid propulsion systems for ships. It begins by explaining the global environmental regulations driving a reduction in ship emissions. It then discusses the benefits of electric hybrid systems for improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. The document covers various electric hybrid configurations and safety considerations for lithium-ion batteries. It presents case studies of Seaspan ferries that use hybrid systems with liquefied natural gas and batteries. Other ongoing hybrid projects involving ferries and tugs are also summarized. The document aims to provide an overview of why ships are adopting electric hybrid technologies and how these systems work.
Supporting an lng fuelled marine industry future across the entire gas value ...Wärtsilä Marine Solutions
This presentation was given by our Gasbassadors Anil Soni & Mattias Jansson at an LNG bunkering seminar in Langfang, Hebei. It was hosted by ENN , SGMF & CCS. Sponsored by Wartsila & GTT.
In this presentation, they presented the different challenges that the offshore industry is facing & how LNG technology offers a viable option in these challenging markets.
Natural gas is transported long distances as liquefied natural gas (LNG) via specialized carriers. Over the past 40 years, the size of LNG carriers has increased significantly to support growing demand. Early carriers held 0-36,000 cubic meters of LNG, while current largest carriers can hold over 220,000 cubic meters. Larger ships allow for more economical transport of LNG between countries without direct pipeline connections. Carrier designs have also evolved, with different containment systems developed to safely store larger volumes of cryogenic LNG cargo over long voyages.
The presentation gives an excellent overview of the LNG Bunkering infrastructure around the world. The data comes from public available sources and has been compiled and presented by DNV GL.
Please note that the presentation is dated January 2014.
Ada beberapa alternatif untuk mengangkut gas alam, termasuk melalui pipa, CNG (gas alam terkompresi), dan LNG (gas alam cair). Pilihan yang tepat tergantung pada jarak distribusi dan volume gas yang diangkut. LNG lebih baik untuk jarak jauh dan volume besar, sedangkan CNG untuk jarak menengah dan volume kecil. Investasi infrastruktur pendukung seperti pabrik liquefaksi dan regasifikasi juga perlu dipertimbangkan.
Supply Chain For Marine Telecommunication Cargoarmenaldrin
This document outlines the supply chain for telecommunication cargo for a maritime project in Indonesia. It involves two shipments from Yokohama, Japan to Tanjung Priok, Indonesia in December 2009 and February 2010, transporting equipment via container ships to improve maritime safety systems. The work includes customs clearance, receiving, storage, distribution to 47 sites across Indonesia, unloading containers, and delivery of equipment.
The document provides details on the proposed aids to navigation for the TransLNG FSRU terminal located offshore of West Java Province, Indonesia. It describes the terminal location and key features. Five types of aids are proposed, including a jetty beacon, four special mark buoys to mark the terminal boundaries, and an isolated danger mark buoy. Specifications for each aid such as colors, shapes, lights and coordinates are provided to ensure safe navigation around the terminal area.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan panduan mengenai transfer LNG antar kapal (STS) dan menjelaskan hal-hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan untuk melakukannya dengan aman, seperti studi kompatibilitas kapal, kondisi laut, protokol keselamatan, dan peralatan pendukung yang sesuai standar.
Manual ini memberikan informasi umum tentang operasi terminal LNG TLNG termasuk prosedur masuk dan keluar terminal, kebijakan keselamatan, protokol sandar dan transfer kargo, serta tanggap darurat."
This 3 day course will guide participants through relevant LNG fundamentals including the LNG value chain, commercial aspects of trading LNG, bunkering procedures and technical guidelines, delivery logistics as well as risk and safety considerations. In addition, participants will get to learn how to plan and develop LNG bunkering facilities to accommodate the use LNG as a marine fuel. Also there will be a table top Case study and practical exercise included for participants to achieve first-hand experience to assess the economic viability, design, build and operate a LNG bunkering facility with profitable success!
Super majors have heavily invested in extraction and liquefaction projects; LNG shipping has received too little attention. Most of the players are developing gas extraction and liquefaction plants in key producing countries and regasification facilities in key consuming countries to secure gas reserves and gas distribution, especially to the Atlantic and Pacific Basin. Complex long terms contracts are also decreasing to give space to new short terms contracts in order to improve flexibility in distribution and allow benefits from market opportunities. The LNG demand is now getting higher than supply in targeted countries with extensive capacity of development.
This study was commissioned by MARAD (US government) and conducted by DNV GL.
The study looks at the LNG bunkering of ships in US, so that LNG use as fuel for ships can be developed further.
The report was released to the public by MARAD in September 2014 and hence you can find it here.
Great photos illustrate LNG fuel bunkering logistics in Sweden. Truck to ship LNG loading of Seagas, transport LNG, ship to ship Seagas LNG bunkering fuel to Viking Grace, and description of LNG bunkering process.
Custody transfer or in more general words, Fiscal Metering, plays an important role in Oil and gas industry. Getting familiar with its terms and meaning and affecting factors helps us to act better in this sensitive and expensive field.
Custody transfer system is like your cash register, the better you design it, the lower your extra cost would be.If you want to buy or sell some valuable liquids, you should be able to measure the quality and quantity of that liquid. This what custody transfer is all about, Hope this Power Point helps you on this issue.
This document is a project thesis evaluating technical challenges and need for standardization in LNG bunkering. It provides an overview of the LNG supply chain and safety aspects. LNG bunkering is presented as a solution to reduce emissions and meet new regulations while providing economic advantages over other fuels. The thesis aims to assess critical areas for LNG bunkering through a review of technical processes, equipment, current standards, and barriers to market competition.
This document provides a final report on standards and rules for bunkering gas-fuelled ships. It identifies relevant standardization bodies and studies. It reviews the status of onshore, maritime, and bunkering regulations for liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chains. It identifies regulatory gaps relating to bunkering LNG as ship fuel. Finally, it provides recommendations and a draft of a possible common EU guideline for bunkering gas-fuelled ships. The report was commissioned by the European Maritime Safety Agency to assess the regulatory framework for LNG bunkering operations.
Dr. Himadri Banerji presented at the 2nd FSRU Conference in Singapore on risk management in LNG FSRU projects. He discussed key risks including construction delays and cost overruns, operational issues, upstream and downstream market volatility, and political and legal risks. Effective risk allocation and control requires well-defined contracts that allocate risks to parties best able to manage them. Non-recourse project financing is increasingly common through structures that limit risks for terminal operators, such as tolling agreements that transfer supply and market risks. Evolving contract and insurance structures also help manage risks in LNG FSRU projects.
This summary outlines the design of the OWTISTM ship, which was developed to reduce costs and improve safety for offshore wind turbine installation. The ship has a 1500t crane, large clear deck space, and can operate in deep water and harsh environments. It was designed with a focus on safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Analysis showed this purpose-built floating vessel providing high safety and capacity at low cost per installed unit would better meet the needs of the growing offshore wind industry compared to converted existing vessels.
Grid Logistics is exploring opportunities to deliver liquefied natural gas (LNG) to parts of Asia using cryogenic articulated tug barges (CATBs) as an alternative to pipelines or ships. CATBs could cost-effectively deliver LNG to areas of Indonesia and Japan that lack pipeline infrastructure. They provide a flexible option that is quicker to deploy than fixed assets and can be redeployed if market conditions change. Grid Logistics estimates CATBs could supply LNG to parts of Indonesia at a lower cost than the existing plan to build regasification terminals.
On 16 May 2013, the Global CCS Institute hosted its seventh study meeting in Tokyo. This presentation is by Holger Bietz, the Institute's General Manager, Projects, Financial and Commercial.
Santos operates three producing gas assets in Indonesia and is developing a fourth. It produces gas from the Oyong, Wortel and Maleo fields offshore East Java, which is piped to shore. It also produces oil from the Oyong field, which is exported via an offshore facility. Santos is working to develop the Ande-Ande Lumut oil field in the Northwest Natuna PSC, with plans for a wellhead platform and FPSO to produce an estimated 40,000 barrels of oil per day. The company employs over 200 people in its Indonesian operations.
The document discusses options for supplying natural gas to the Belawan FSRU in Medan, Indonesia. The key points are:
1) The Belawan FSRU has a capacity of 100 MMSCFD and could be supplied by LNG shuttle tankers transporting cargoes of around 75,000 CBM from the Bontang, Senoro or Tangguh LNG terminals in Indonesia, with a round trip time of up to 16 days from Tangguh.
2) PT Pertamina Gas operates the Arbel gas pipeline with a capacity of 300 MMSCFD, which currently supplies 185 MMSCFD of gas from the Arun LNG terminal to
Corrosion Management System and Implementation of IMO PSPC on FPSOPutu Indra Mahatrisna
This document discusses corrosion management and the implementation of IMO standards on floating storage and offloading (FSO) and floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels in Indonesia. It provides an overview of Indonesia's offshore oil and gas operations, detailing the types and numbers of marine vessels used. It then focuses on corrosion management systems for FSOs/FPSOs, outlining the objectives and basic processes. Challenges in corrosion management are also discussed. Finally, it touches on implementing the IMO's Performance Standard for Protective Coatings on these vessels.
The document summarizes the installation of an innovative "Capillary Conveyed" gas lift extension system in a well in Vietnam. The existing gas lift system was no longer effective due to declining reservoir pressures. The new system used a 0.75" diameter capillary string to extend the gas lift injection point deeper into the well. After installation, the well resumed production, flowing for 60 days at rates exceeding expectations before being placed on a production cycle. Cumulative production since was 43,000 barrels of oil, with an estimated payback of only 4 days for the installation. The installation demonstrated that the new technology can effectively reinstate production from wells with inefficient gas lift systems.
The Samarang oil field offshore Malaysia was initially developed by Shell in 1975 but was facing decline by 2003. PCSB took over operations and conducted a major redevelopment evaluation from 2004-2006 involving subsurface experts who created full-field static and dynamic models. This integrated plan identified infill wells and enhanced oil recovery opportunities to double production and extend the field life by 15 more years. The field was also transformed into a producing hub for nearby fields, further improving economics.
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has developed two designs for LNG-FPSOs (floating production, storage, and offloading units): a spherical tank type intended for medium-small fields and an independent prismatic tank type B for large fields.
- The spherical tank type features spherical LNG storage tanks that provide safety against sloshing, high reliability due to their simple structure, and economic construction. The LNG production plant is located separately from the tanks.
- The independent prismatic tank type B utilizes MHI's analysis methods to achieve a highly reliable independent prismatic tank structure and received approval from classification societies.
The document discusses the development of an 8 MMTPA iron ore export terminal at Mormugao Port in Goa. Key points:
- Mormugao Port currently handles significant iron ore exports and additional capacity is needed. A new terminal west of the existing breakwater is proposed.
- The proposed terminal would include construction of a new breakwater, land reclamation, dredging, rail infrastructure, and ore handling equipment.
- Total project cost is estimated at Rs. 1,102 crores. Financial analysis shows the project achieves a 20.5% equity IRR and 17.4% project IRR under base assumptions.
- Sensitivity analysis was conducted on variations in hard costs and O
This document discusses floating storage and regasification units (FSRUs) as an alternative to onshore LNG terminals. FSRUs offer lower upfront costs, faster development timelines, and flexibility in their location compared to onshore terminals. However, FSRUs also face challenges from meteorological conditions that can disrupt operations and availability. The document outlines the opportunities and risks of FSRUs that developers must consider to determine if an FSRU is the best solution for a given LNG import project.
Hassan Halhoul is a senior marine engineer with over 35 years of experience in construction supervision and management consulting for marine infrastructure projects. He has worked on numerous port and oil & gas projects in Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. His current role is overseeing marine civil works as part of a $165 million causeway project in Kuwait linking Shuwaikh Port to Doha Peninsula.
This document provides a summary of Alvin Chen's personal details and work experience. It includes his name, contact information, qualifications, offshore safety training certificates, and employment history with various offshore construction companies from 2003 to 2012. His roles included technical assistant, vessel maintenance planner, barge administrator, and radio operator. He was involved in numerous offshore pipeline and facility installation projects in Malaysia and other countries.
The document provides a CV for Paolo Aguzzi, an Italian national with over 30 years of experience in oil and gas plant and pipeline construction projects. He has worked as a construction manager, project engineer, project superintendent and other roles on projects in Italy, Qatar, Nigeria, Singapore and other locations. The CV lists his educational background and details his extensive work experience managing engineering projects and contractors across various disciplines for companies in the oil and gas industry.
The document provides a CV for Paolo Aguzzi, an Italian national with over 30 years of experience in oil and gas plant and pipeline construction projects. He has worked as a construction manager, project engineer, project superintendent and other roles on projects in Italy, Qatar, Nigeria, Singapore and other locations. The CV lists his educational background and details his extensive work experience managing engineering projects and contractors across various disciplines.
This document lists 6 projects that an individual was involved in between 2012-2014. The projects include proposals for modifications to increase gas recovery from the Berantai Marginal Field in Indonesia, development plans for the Ande Ande Lumut Field involving installation of infrastructure and wells, a feasibility study of an FPSO for refurbishment, providing support for proposals for the development of the Tembikai and Chenang fields through a risk service contract, evaluating assets and potential modifications for the KSB, PTT, PTB Aceh Onshore fields, and a proposal for converting a Floating Production Unit for the Husky CNOOC Madura Field in Indonesia.
1. Petredec opened a new 15,000 metric ton LP Gas terminal in Mauritius in March 2014, representing an investment of $42 million.
2. Three 5,000 tonne LP Gas vessels were transported over 8,200 km by ship from Italy to Mauritius, then offloaded and installed at the terminal site in just eight days through careful planning and coordination.
3. The new terminal aims to transform Mauritius into a regional LP Gas hub and allows Petredec to more efficiently supply Mauritius and other East African markets in the future.
FSRU procurement for Oil and Gas Upstream Business (clauses and legal concern...AHRP Law Firm
Indonesia as a maritime country has its own challenges in meeting its domestic needs, including the needs for oil and natural gas. The spread of large cities across Indonesia creates the need for sophisticated and efficient transportation equipment related to natural gas needs. Floating Storage and Regasification Unit or what is known as FSRU is one answer to this problem. The form of FSRU is in the form of a ship and most of it comes from foreign countries, making its procurement interesting to study further. Find out more of our insights on this topic in our Legal Publication.
Similar to Remote Region LNG Supply Study - Makassar Project (20)
4. 1. Introduction
1.1 Site Location
In order to support The Indonesian Government to maintain and to keep the stage of
Energy Sustainability especially in eastern part of Indonesia, BBG is pro-actively taking
part in to the campaign, by providing an alternative solution as to give an answer of short
energy supply in the East Indonesian areas nowadays.
After resuming from The Jatim - Jateng Project, and it’s first Micro LNG Project, BBG
plans to develop 2nd
Micro LNG (“Remote region LNG Supply”) Business in some pre-
targeted markets / areas, that is expected to be able to start delivering (supply) LNG for
several local Power Plants in east Indonesia areas in the forthcoming 2015.
BBG intent to utilize necessary free cash flow for the operation research and competency
development for the purpose stated above.
BBG’s targeted delivery points will be Makassar, Pomalaa, Bali, Mataram, Kupang,
Menado, Ternate and Ambon. Whilst several supply points indicated as Jakarta FSRU
Hubs, Equity Energy Sengkang, Donggi Senoro, Bontang as well as Tangguh are taken in
to consideration.
The BBG objective in 2025 (or earlier) is to reach a state where the company can supply a
demand of 400 Bbtud of LNG to islands of Indonesia for power generation and industries.
However on its first stage of development, adopting Blue ocean strategy, BBG decided to
focus only on certain markets where it’s relatively less developed by virtue of its less
competition.
Of which as to initiate the Study, it’s decided to chose Makassar with the demand of abt.
32 mmscfd Natural gas, consumed for the Tello Power generation (State owned Power
Plant / PLN Makassar)
1.2 Study Background
The BBG strategy is to develop the most optimized solution that able to deliver an un-
interruptible service of abt. 32 mmscfd gas supplies to The Tello Power Plant at Makassar,
at a reasonable economic cost by constructing the most suitable infrastructures as well as
utilizing the right assets that’s fit to its entirely logistic design calculation.
Thus included but not limited to chartering and deploying an FSRU (Floating Storage &
Regasification unit), developing small scale land-based Terminal, or gravity based
Terminal, developing mooring Terminal, jetty & platforms, pipeline (sub-sea and onshore),
onshore receiving facilities, chartering the right size & types of the transporting vehicles
(i.e. Small scale LNG vessels, LNG barges), etc
1.3 Study Objective
The conceptual study was aimed to propose the most optimized solutions to develop
Makassar LNG terminal to be able to supply natural gas at 32 mmscfd to local power
plants and Industries starting 2015 onwards.
5. 2. Pre-screening Studies
2.1 Supply Location Selection
There are several sources of supply locations in Indonesia taken in to consideration, such
as;
- Jakarta FSRU Hub, distance abt. 600 NM away from Makassar
- Energy Equity Sengkang, distance abt. 100 NM away
- Donggi Senoro, distance abt. 300 NM away
- Bontang Kaltim, distance abt. 500 NM away
- Tangguh Papua, distance abt. 900 NM away
The availability of all would be still subject to the firmed allocation from BP MIGAS
Indonesia in regard to the Domestic market obligation
2.2 Off take Location Selection
At this preliminary stage study, there are 3 proposed locations available for the off take
Terminal at Makassar, i.e;
a) In way of Pertamina Depot 7 UPMS Makassar Port
b) In way of Paotere Port
c) In way of Untea Port
All of them are having each advantages and disadvantages, further detailed as follows;
Pertamina Depot 7 UPMS
Advantages Disadvantages
Crowded International Port
Abt 10 km away from PLTG Tello High Potential social challenges
Close to the existing UPMS 7 Depot facility
supplying fuel oil (HSD) to PLTG Tello
International navigational channel
Too many interests involved
Paotere
Advantages Disadvantages
Abt 9 km away from PLTG Tello Crowded traditional boat terminal
High Potential social challenges
Untea
Advantages Disadvantages
Abt 15 km away from PLTG Tello Green-field not developed yet
Initially designed and planned for fisheries port
6. Figure 1. Map of Makassar
Beside the above advantages and disadvantages as a preliminary study for location
selection. Further, crossing to existing pipelines or cables, traffic, pipeline routing safety
shall be put in to consideration on the further study.
Last but not least The Latest updated and approved by Local Government Makassar City
MasterPlan has to be put in to consideration for the location choices.
As to summarize, at this preliminary stage, the location in between Paotere port and Untea
Port is believed to be the most suitable for the purposes, considering all the aspects
involved, however detailed proposed pipe route still need to be further defined in the next
stages of study.
2.3. Gas Demand Study
The preliminary data obtained from The PLN Power Plant Sector Tello Makassar, the
following demand are figured out.
No Power Plant
Unit
Type Existing
Fuel
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Capacity
(MW)
Gas
Demand
(MMSCFD)
1. Westcan Gas Firing HSD 14.5 9 2.30
2. Alstom#1 Gas Firing HSD 21.4 12 3.07
3. Alstom#2 Gas Firing HSD 20.1 12 3.07
4. GE – 2 x 33,4 Gas Firing HSD 66.8 55 14.07
5. Mitsubishi 2 x
12,6
Diesel
Firing
MFO 25.2 18 4.61
6. SWD 2 x 12,4 Diesel
Firing
HSD 24.8 18 4.61
172.8 124 31.73
7. The above were calculated based on the requirement of both power plants which so far
consumed diesel oil as well as those which are originally designed for gas consumed
engines.
From which at this preliminary stage, for the sake of Preliminary Study supply unit size
was defined at abt. 32 MMSCFD.
Figure 2. Location of PLTD/PLTG PLN Sektor Tello Makassar
8. 2.4. Transport Modal Selection
There are several marine based modes of gas transportation put in to consideration as
follows;
2.4.1. Mini / Small Scale Gas carrier
There are several ship’s (vessel’s based) designs which were developed from the
originally conventional LNG carrier, with however small scale capacity (sizes) that is
considered to be fit for the purposes.
Those designs are as follows
a) MV. Pioneer Knutsen
So far known to be the World smallest LNG Carrier that performs Norwegian west
coastal service. It was designed by MARINTEK with the total cargo capacity of
1,100 CBM, consists of two each 550 CBM C Type Cargo Tanks. The vessel’s
detailed particular are as follows;
- LOA : 69 m
- Beam : 11.8 m
- Draft : 3.3 m
- DWT : 640 T
- Class : DNV Class
Figure 3. 1,100 CBM LNG Carrier MV. Pioneer Knutsen
9. b) MV. Shinju Maru No.1
She was performing Japanese coastal service since 2003. It was designed by one
Japanese Ship Designer and Classed by NKK. The vessel total capacity is 2513
CBM, consists of two C Type Cargo Tanks.
The vessel’s detailed particular are as follows;
- LOA : 86.29 m
- Beam : 15.10 m
- Draft : 4.17 m
- DWT : 1,781 T
- Class : NKK Class
Figure 4. 2,513 CBM LNG Carrier MV. Shinju Maru No.1
10. c) MV. Coral Methane
A 7500 CBM Coral Methane was the first multipurpose gas carrier built for Holland
based company named Anthony Veder, who owned and operated fleet of LNG
carriers of various size. This vessel was built at one Polish shipyard and delivered
in the year of 2009. She is flying Dutch flag, and classed under BV Class. The
cargo containment system is using IMO Type C Tank.
The vessel under long time (15 years) chartered by Norwegian Gas Utility, Gasnor
AS, and served LNG distribution along the rugged coast of Norway.
Technology application & design wise pretty close and similar to those IM Skaugen
SE / Norgas’s vessels.
11. Figure 5. 7,500 CBM Coral Methane with 2 x Azipull Thruster Total 5,000 kW
d) MV. Norgas Innovation & Norgas Creation
Design was developed by I.M Skaugen SE; the design was developed in to two
basic designs of each 10,000 CBM as well as 12,000 CBM Multigas Carriers.
They’re using Type C cargo tank / containment systems. A DNV Classed vessel.
12. Figure 6. 10,000 & 12,000 CBM Multigas Carrier by IM. Skaugen SE
2.4.2. Mini / Small Scale LNG Barges
Several designs of Small scale LNG Barges were taken in to consideration such as
Waller marine designs as well as IM. Skaugen barge designs. The followings are
typical of the barge designs.
13. Figure 7. Typical of abt. 4,000 to 5,500 CBM LNG Barge designs
All above mentioned modes of transportation are having each advantage and
disadvantages, further detailed as follows;
Mini / Small Scale LNG Carriers
Advantages Disadvantages
Navigationally safe for ocean going voyages Relatively more costly, and took longer time for
fabrication
High speed more TRV’s Carry relatively less cargo tonnage
Draft constraints
Mini / Small Scale LNG Barges
Advantages Disadvantages
Relatively cheaper, and faster to fabricate Not so safe for ocean going voyages due to stability
issues, more fit for coastal sails only
Carry relatively more cargo tonnage Having less speed, longer TRV days
Able to reach area with less water depth due
to minim draft
Beside the above advantages and disadvantages as a preliminary study for
transportation modal selection, the cargo sizing vs the available vessel’s space / capacity
for cargo would be the next crucial issues in the logistic service design and calculation.
14. The IM Skaugen SE design for the 10,000 CBM Multigas Carrier has been selected
preliminary as the marine transportation modal, since it’s designed size was believed to
be the most ultimate suits to deliver and perform an uninterruptable supply of 32
MMSCFD gas to the Plant.
2.5. Regas Modal Selection
There are several Regassification Technologies taken in to consideration as follows;
2.5.1. Land-based Regassification Plant
15. Figure 8. Typical Small Scale Receiving Terminal at Norwegian Coast
2.5.2. Mini Scale Regassification Plant on top of Jetty Platform/Barge
16. Figure 9. SBM Offshore solution for Mini Scale Regassification Plant on top of Jetty
Platform/Barge complete with Cryonom inset
2.5.3. Hybrid Floating Storage and Re-gasification Vessel
Figure 10. TGE Concept Design for Hybrid LNG-FSRU
17. Land Based Re-gasification Plants
Advantages Disadvantages
Cheaper to construct Land Acquisition to meet safety criteria will be
difficult to get
Easier to construct Land acquisition will be pricy
More difficult to get permit
Small Scale Re-gasification on Barges
Advantages Disadvantages
Quicker to implement Location selection in relation with permit to be
considered as a barrier
Cost relatively moderate
No land acquisition is required
Hybrid Floating Storage & Regas Vessel
Advantages Disadvantages
Compact / Sophisticated design The most expensive
Longest time to build
2.6. Storage Requirement Study
At this preliminary stage, selection was made toward the available options of the LNG
storage system on the basis of the most suitable choices to the requirement (fit for
purposes)
The available options are detailed as follows;
2.6.1. Small Scale FSRU
Figure 11. IM Skaugen SE Small Scale FSRU
18. This concept was first introduced and developed by Waller Marine of US and IM
Skaugen SE, with the LNG capacity ranged from 6,000 CBM up to 10,000 CBM.
2.6.2. Gravity Based Floating Storage
Figure 12. BW Terminal Gravifloat
Concept first introduced and developed by BW Group, offering stage of flexibility
in sizing and relocation after decommissioning. Flexible in handling due to its
19. modular forms, construction on shipyard, towed, installed and commissioned on
site.
2.6.3. On-Shore / Land-based Storage
Figure 13. IM Skaugen SE Small Scale Land based Terminal using Modular Tanks
The concept is offering advantages such as flexibility in sizing and relocating
the assets due to its modular forms, relatively cheaper and faster to build, in
fact is a solution that is more endurable to the bad weather compare to any
typical floating assets.
20. Small Scale FSRU
Advantages Disadvantages
Compact / Sophisticated design Longer time needed to design and build
Flexible in deployment Relatively costly to build
No land acquisition involved and away from
public, less potential social cost
Vulnerable to Bad weather
Existing LNGC convertible
Gravity Based Floating Storages
Advantages Disadvantages
Quicker to implement Location selection in relation with permit to be
considered as a barrier
Cost relatively moderate Vulnerable to Bad weather
No land acquisition is required, away from
public, less potential social cost
Flexible in re-deployment
Land based Storages
Advantages Disadvantages
Lower Capital cost Land acquisition involved, within range to the
nearest public
Less time required to build
Tank modules could be relocated, possible for
truck transporting
Location selection in relation with permit to be
considered as a barrier
Bad weather endurable Maintain relatively long cryogenic LNG pipe could
be costly
2.7. Gas Transport to Customer
At this preliminary stage of study, it’s defined that the gas transport modal to the customer
would be through pipeline network. The choice was made on the basis of the followings:
Distance from re-gasification terminal to power plant is considered short. Range
distance between 10-15km.
Topographic from re-gasification terminal to power plants relatively flat. No
hydraulic issue to supply using pipeline.
Continuous gas supply to power plant is expected – supply using pipeline will have
a reliability on continues supply
Supply volume is expected to be 30mmscfd. In this case investment cost to build
pipeline will be the lowest compare to other alternative of supply.
2.8. Barrier to Entry Study
It’s known that PERTAMINA & PLN (Indonesia Power) have entered in to an MOU, enable
PERTAMINA or it’s later joint ventures will supply gas to the PLN (IP) power plant at
Makassar area as well as Pomalaa, however till to date there has been nothing
progressing.
21. In the mean time, one local natural gas Producer, Energy Equity Sengkang have delivered
presentation to the local South Sulawesi Province government to deliver their produced
gas of abt. 70 mmscfd to Bali in the form of LNG through it’s LNG vehicle i.e. SS LNG
Sengkang irrespective of local demand of abt. 32 mmscfd to Makassar.
The gas demand of abt. 32 mmscfd for Makassar city have been well known in the market,
according to the Local government owned company (Perusda) there have been at least 8
parties (including BBG) who have declared their interest to develop LNG trade to
Makassar, and offering cooperation-ship with local government owned vehicle for joint
study.
One of them is Prodigy (owned by Bakrie Group who owned of abt. 30% shares of Energy
equity Sengkang), the other parties beside BBG are BOSOWA, TONASA, etc.
One advantage out of BBG was that BBG had once delivered presentation to The Local
Province Governor, and managed to get a positive respond.
Another issues would be again the current price of The Natural Gas at the producer’s end
against the PLN (IP) ability to absorb the price of natural gas at their end, after considering
all the transport, ragas cost fee plus some risk margin of the traders.
3. Scenario Comparison
3.1. Qualification Criteria
The criteria used to qualify the scenario were as follow:
1. FSRT be located in Muara Tawar at water depth 15-16 m
2. Charted FSRT with capacity 125,000-138,000m3
3. Mooring system: Side by side or mooring tower system
4. Pig launcher, pipeline and pig receiver facility to be installed
5. ORF in Muara Tawar
3.2. Scenario Pre-selection
3.3. Scenarios Evaluation
22. The pre-selected scenarios were evaluated in order to select the most appropriate concept based on the
following criteria: technical risk, operating constraint, process flexibility, and impact of construction,
environmental value, safety issues, cost and planning
4. Recommended Scheme
4.1. Technical Costs
The below attached project budget estimate is not fully adequate and thus the reported costs are subject to
detailed review, and should only be considered as a very preliminary assessment.
Reported costs integrate main equipment and bulk procurement, pre-fabrication and site
construction/installation. Cost related to land acquisitions, tie-ins to existing facilities and permits are also
excluded as well as contingencies.
24. 4.2. Execution Plan
An Indicative planning is illustrated below
4.3. Summary
5. Outstanding Issues
The following items should be further followed up/checked/analyzed at pre-project / FEED
level:
5.1. Detail ship specification (ship particular) + charter rate
5.2. Barge option (particular requirements, mode cost, etc)
5.3. Power Plant Profile (Turbine specification, future development, existing pipe route,
current energy supply, gas supply specification, PLN approach, etc)
5.4. Potential Pipeline Route
5.5. Potential Terminal Location
5.6. Source of Supply (detail of supply potential)
5.7. Permiting (Location permit – Pemda, Terminal location permit – Dep. Hub, etc)
25. ATTACHMENT 1 – PHASE OF DESIGN STAGE
ATTACHMENT 2 – TIME FRAME OF DESIGN FACILITIES
26. ATTACHMENT 3 – PIPELINE DESIGN PROCESS
ATTACHMENT 5 – TYPICAL PICTURE OF PIG RECEIVING ON ORF - SSWJ
27. ATTACHMENT 7 – LOCAL LINE PIPE MANUFACTURER
PT KHI PIPE INDUSTRIES