“Function of a health system concerned with the accumulation, mobilization and allocation of money to cover the health needs of the people, individually and collectively, in the health system.” (WHO)
Revenue collection :
Taxation-most equitable system of financing
Health insurance contributions
User pays (out of pocket, no reimbursement)
Donor funding/Grants
The document summarizes healthcare financing in India. It discusses that healthcare financing aims to ensure access to health services. The key principles are generating revenue, pooling funds for cross-subsidization between rich/poor and healthy/sick, and purchasing efficient services. In India, healthcare is financed primarily through out-of-pocket payments by households, while government expenditure is low compared to other countries. Reforms like NRHM and RSBY aim to increase public allocation to healthcare. Challenges include expanding coverage with limited resources and improving spending efficiency.
Health economics deals with planning and budgeting for healthcare resources. It determines the price and quantity of limited financial and non-financial resources used to care for the sick and promote health. Health economics uses microeconomics and macroeconomics principles. Microeconomics examines individual and organizational behaviors and their effects on costs and resource allocation. Macroeconomics considers large-scale economic factors like GDP. Economic analyses in health include cost-minimization, cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility analyses. Nurses play an important role in health economics by leading cost containment efforts, improving quality of care, and advocating for patients' needs.
This document provides an overview of conceptual frameworks for understanding health systems. It defines a health system as all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. It discusses several frameworks developed by the WHO and others to conceptualize the different components, actors and relationships within health systems. It acknowledges that health systems are complex and dynamic, with unpredictable paths of implementation for interventions. The document emphasizes that health systems should be viewed holistically as interconnected systems centered around people.
Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value and behaviour in the production and consumption of health and health care.
In broad terms, health economists study the functioning of health care systems and health- affecting behaviour such as smoking.
It is the discipline of economics applied to the health care.
This document discusses factors that influence the demand for healthcare, including education, age, health insurance, income, price, and time costs. It finds that while studies using individual data show healthcare is a normal good with income elasticities between 0-1, macroeconomic data comparing countries shows that healthcare is a superior good, with demand increasing more than proportionately with increases in income. The demand for different types of healthcare varies in its responsiveness to changes in price, depending on the availability of substitutes.
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN HEALTH SECTORfarhad240669
This document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector in Bangladesh. It defines PPPs as contractual agreements between public agencies and private sectors to deliver public services by sharing risks and rewards. The document outlines the goals, objectives, concepts, and principles of PPPs. It discusses global PPP contexts and scenarios in Bangladesh. It examines PPP approaches, targeted outcomes and benefits, challenges, risks, and opportunities of PPPs in the health sector. The key points are accelerating investments, improved quality, timely delivery, reduced costs, and innovative solutions through PPPs in health infrastructure and services.
This document discusses demand and supply in healthcare. It begins by defining health economics as the application of economic principles to healthcare decision making. It then explains the law of demand, stating that demand increases when price decreases and decreases when price increases. Similarly, it describes the law of supply, which says that supply increases when price rises and decreases when price falls. The document outlines Michael Grossman's model of demand for healthcare, which views health as a consumption and investment commodity. It also discusses how supply of healthcare is determined and different types of economic evaluation used to analyze healthcare costs and outcomes.
Healthcare challenges & solutions in indiakripak93
This document discusses the key challenges facing India's healthcare system and potential solutions. The main challenges are the large burden of infectious and chronic diseases, high maternal and child mortality rates, lack of universal access to healthcare, shortage of resources, and inadequate healthcare financing. Proposed solutions include strengthening public health programs, improving access to healthcare in rural areas, providing incentives for medical professionals to work in underserved areas, leveraging public-private partnerships, and increasing public financing of healthcare.
Understanding the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and how can we reach it, both globally and also in India. The presentation also includes HLEG report , which is the proposed architecture for India's guide to reach UHC.
This document discusses health economic evaluations and their importance. It defines key concepts such as health systems, health economics, scarcity, opportunity cost, and efficiency. It explains the basic framework for economic evaluations including defining the problem, identifying options, measuring costs and outcomes, and selecting the appropriate technique. The main techniques discussed are cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-utility analysis, with a focus on measuring and comparing costs and outcomes.
Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare.
The document discusses health financing in India. It provides information on what constitutes a health system and the functions of health financing mechanisms. The main sources of health financing in India are public funds (20.3% of total funds), private funds like household expenditures (72% of funds), and external support (2.3% of funds). Health expenditure in India is 4.8% of GDP, lower than many other countries. Out-of-pocket expenditures constitute a large portion of private health spending. The majority of public health funds are spent on salaries, while hospitalization and medication costs burden households.
Health economics is concerned with applying economic theory and methods of analysis to the production and consumption of health and health care. It involves studying how scarce resources are allocated among alternative uses for health care and improving health. Key aspects of health economics include efficiency in resource allocation, the health care market, demand and supply of health care, equity in health outcomes and care, and health sector budgeting and planning. Economic evaluation techniques used in health economics include cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-minimization analysis to compare costs and consequences of alternative health interventions or programs.
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
This document provides an overview of health economics and evaluation of healthcare. It begins by defining economics and health economics. Key concepts in health economics are then explained such as demand, supply, costs, and the production of health. The document outlines areas, principles, and importance of health economics. Various methods of economic evaluation used to assess healthcare interventions are described. Factors affecting healthcare costs and indicators used to evaluate economic performance are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of India's healthcare system, including its various components and the roles of the public and private sectors. Some key points:
- The healthcare system comprises sectors like hospitals, insurance, pharmaceuticals, medical tourism, diagnostics, and equipment/supplies.
- The private sector accounts for around 80% of healthcare delivery and has grown significantly due to various factors like reduced government funding and policies encouraging privatization.
- Medical tourism in India is a growing market valued at $3 billion in 2012 due to lower costs compared to other countries.
- The diagnostics sector is highly fragmented but growing at 20% annually with increased healthcare spending and insurance penetration.
- Foreign direct investment
The document provides an overview of health economics. It defines economics and health economics, explaining that health economics applies economic principles to issues related to health and healthcare. It discusses key concepts in health economics including resources, markets, and the roles of micro- and macroeconomics. The importance of health economics is that it can inform policies around resource allocation and program evaluation. Methods discussed include cost analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and others.
This document discusses key topics in healthcare economics including health economics, demand and supply in healthcare markets, economic objectives in healthcare like efficiency and equity, concepts of economic efficiency applied to hospitals, healthcare expenditure trends globally and nationally, and priority areas for investing in health. It provides an overview of these essential healthcare economics concepts in 3 sentences or less.
This document discusses health economics and related topics. It defines health economics as a branch of economics concerned with issues around scarcity in health and healthcare allocation. It also discusses key concepts like the determinants of health, the role of health in economic development, and scarcity in healthcare systems. The document notes that while demand for healthcare is increasing, supply is limited, so administrators must work to increase support and address this healthcare scarcity issue.
The document discusses various options for financing health care, including user charges, public subsidies, community financing, health insurance, and private sector involvement. It notes that while each method has strengths, none are fully adequate alone and that a mix of approaches is typically needed to meet a population's total health care needs.
This document summarizes a presentation on health financing strategies for achieving universal health coverage given by Sourav Goswami and moderated by Dr. Subodh Gupta at MGIMS, Sevagram on June 8th, 2017. The presentation discusses key aspects of health financing policy including universal health coverage goals of access, quality, and financial protection. It covers topics such as revenue raising, risk pooling, purchasing of health services, benefit package design, and principles of rationing health resources. Examples from countries like Moldova and Chile are provided. The current scenario of health financing in India is also summarized, highlighting high levels of out-of-pocket spending and a need to increase public financing to achieve equitable access to
A Comparison of Health Care Payment Systems.docxwrite12
This document provides an overview and comparison of different health care payment systems, including fee-for-service and capitation models. Fee-for-service involves paying providers for each individual service rendered, which can incentivize overtreatment but allows for clinical autonomy. Capitation involves paying providers a fixed amount per patient per time period, which removes profit incentives but may encourage neglect of patients needing extensive care or inclusion of unnecessary healthy patients. The US system uses a mix of private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and other programs to finance care through taxes, premiums, and out-of-pocket payments to both private insurers and the government.
A Comparison of Health Care Payment Systems.docxwrite30
This document compares two common methods for paying healthcare workers: fee-for-service and capitation. Fee-for-service pays providers for each service rendered, which can incentivize overtreatment but gives autonomy. Capitation pays providers a fixed amount per patient per time period regardless of services, which can incentivize undertreatment but reduces profit motive. The US system uses both private insurance and government programs like Medicare and Medicaid to finance payments to providers from taxes, premiums, and out-of-pocket costs.
A Comparison of Health Care Payment Systems.pdfstudywriters
This document provides an overview and comparison of two common health care payment systems: fee-for-service and capitation. Fee-for-service involves paying providers for each individual service rendered, which can incentivize overtreatment but allows for clinical autonomy. Capitation involves paying providers a fixed amount per patient per time period regardless of services rendered, which can incentivize under treatment of patients needing more care but removes profit motives. Both systems provide different cash flows and incentives to providers. The document also briefly discusses the U.S. health care system, including private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and the roles of individuals, businesses, government, and private insurers in financing care.
This document discusses various options for healthcare financing in Nigeria. It outlines direct government financing through taxation or budget allocations. It also discusses out-of-pocket expenses, health insurance (including the National Health Insurance Scheme), donor funding, and voluntary contributions. The National Health Insurance Scheme aims to improve access to healthcare for Nigerians through compulsory contributions from formal sector employers and employees and voluntary community-based programs. However, over 90% of Nigerians still rely on out-of-pocket payments, which can reduce access and cause financial hardship.
This document discusses health care financing in Ethiopia. It provides an overview of Ethiopia's health care financing reform established in 1998 which aimed to promote cost sharing. The key components of the reform included allowing health facilities to retain revenue, systematizing fee waivers for the poor, standardizing exemption services, outsourcing nonclinical services, revising user fees, initiating health insurance schemes, establishing private wings in public hospitals, and providing autonomy to health facilities through governing bodies. The document also covers definitions of health care financing, sources of financing, and payment methods like fee-for-service, capitation, and out-of-pocket payments.
Health financing strategies uhc 27 09 12Vikash Keshri
This document discusses health financing strategies for universal health coverage. It begins by defining universal health coverage and providing historical perspectives. It then discusses the current state of health financing in India, including low public spending, high private out-of-pocket expenditures, and variations between states. The document outlines that achieving universal health coverage requires raising sufficient funds, removing financial barriers, and using resources efficiently. It examines strategies for generating more health resources, utilizing resources effectively to prevent waste, and proposes the key recommendations of India's High Level Expert Group on universalizing access to affordable healthcare.
This document summarizes key concepts about health insurance. It describes how health insurance works to manage risk and uncertainty for individuals and insurance companies. It defines important terms like premiums, deductibles, and cost-sharing. It also explains how managed care plans use various tools to contain costs and utilization, like capitated payments, gatekeepers, and utilization review. Common managed care structures like HMOs, PPOs, and POS plans are outlined. The document provides historical context on the development of health insurance in the United States.
The document discusses key concepts in health financing including definitions of health financing, universal health coverage, and sources of health care financing such as taxes, user fees, and insurance. It also summarizes different financial accounting systems used in Kenya like imprests, vouchers, and facility improvement funds. Finally, it outlines the roles of different government bodies in financial management including the treasury, parliament, and auditor general.
The document discusses key concepts in health financing including definitions of health financing, universal health coverage, and sources of health care financing such as taxes, user fees, and insurance. It also summarizes different financial accounting systems used in Kenya like imprests, vouchers, and facility improvement funds. Finally, it outlines the roles of different government bodies in financial management including the treasury, parliament, and auditor general.
The document discusses the market structure of the health insurance industry and how it affects efforts to expand health insurance coverage and contain healthcare costs. It begins with an introduction that health insurance markets are linked to concerns about the cost, quality, and availability of healthcare. The market structure of the health insurance and hospital industries may have contributed to rising healthcare costs and deteriorating access to affordable insurance and care. Many features of the health insurance market can hinder competition and lead to inefficient outcomes. It then goes on to describe various aspects of the health insurance market structure and how it relates to other parts of the healthcare system.
Tax-based systems finance healthcare through taxes collected from the entire population of taxpayers, allowing risks to be pooled across a large group. This subsidizes care for the poor and sick by transferring wealth from the rich and healthy. However, overuse of free services remains a problem. Pay-as-you-go user fee systems represent a market-based solution but fees disproportionately reduce access for the poor. Risk-based private insurance guarantees entitlement by collecting risk-adjusted premiums but rising costs can cause the poor and sick to lose coverage. Social health insurance compulsorily collects premiums from a broad base to ensure universal coverage unlike private systems. Donor funding significantly finances developing countries' healthcare through government systems or private organizations.
This document provides an overview of the Philippine health care system. It begins by defining key terms like health care system, health care delivery, and Philippine health care system. It then discusses the WHO health systems framework and describes the four essential functions of a health system: service provision, resource generation, financing, and stewardship. The document outlines different health care system models and describes the main components of the Philippine system, including its national health insurance program, PhilHealth. It discusses factors like leadership and governance, health care financing, the health workforce, access to medicines and technologies, health information and research, and health service delivery. Overall, the document comprehensively summarizes the organization and structure of the Philippine health care system.
Health insurance in India- Dr Suraj ChawlaSuraj Chawla
The document discusses health insurance in India. It defines health insurance and outlines some key milestones in its development. It describes various social health insurance schemes run by the central and state governments like CGHS, ESI and RSBY. It also discusses private health insurance schemes like Mediclaim and the roles of IRDA and TPAs. Overall, it provides a comprehensive overview of the health insurance landscape in India.
Australia vs India: Health care insuranceVedica Sethi
Health care insurance: A Comparative overview.
The retrospective review focuses on the timeline of Healthcare systems and development of Healthcare Insurance policies of India and Australia. The review also includes
the consensus and impact of Healthcare legislature in India and Australia and offers a
comparison to the development in the BRICS countries.
The document provides information about health insurance in India. It discusses:
- The introduction of health insurance in India in 1986 and key government schemes since then like RSBY.
- The importance of health insurance in India given that only 10-20% of Indians have coverage.
- The different types of health insurance plans in India including public sector schemes like ESIS and private plans.
- Community-based health insurance models that are managed by NGOs and target underserved groups.
- The prominent Yashaswini health insurance scheme in Karnataka that provides coverage to farmers.
NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BOARD FOR TESTING AND CALIBRATION LABORATORI0ES (NABL)SAM VIVEK
NABL specifies the general requirements for the competence to carry out tests and calibrations, including sampling. It covers testing and calibration performed using standard methods, non-standard methods, and laboratory-developed methods.
Benefits of Accreditation:
Potential increase in business due to enhanced customer confidence and satisfaction.
Savings in terms of time and money due to reduction or elimination of the need for re-testing .
Better control of laboratory operations and feedback to laboratories as to whether they have sound Quality Assurance System and are technically competent.
International converget healthcare systemSAM VIVEK
1. CONVERGENCE AMONG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS, EDUCATION, AND SCIENCE
2. CONVERGENCE AMONG HOSPITALS AND INSURERS
3. CONVERGENCE AMONG MEDICAL PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES
4. PRIVATIZATION, COMMERCIALIZATION, AND AMERICAN MEDICINE
Organized efforts and procedures for identifying workplace hazards and reducing accidents and exposure to harmful situations and substances. It also includes training of personnel in accident prevention, accident response, emergency preparedness, and use of protective clothing and equipment.
COMMON ETIQUETTE IN WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Focus on format
Structuring of the content
Ensuring connectivity
Tempering the content as per the level of formality
Avoid short form
Importance of grammar, spelling and punctuation
Importance of creativity
Avoiding excessive use of jargon
Awareness of the audience/medium
Corruption is a strategic action undertaken by two or more people to illegally transfer money or power for personal gain in a way that circumvents legal or moral rules. Corruption in India started as some people were not satisfied with what they had and wanted to afford more through illegal means driven by selfishness. This led more people in India to become corrupted as engaging in corruption provided better outcomes than remaining corruption-free. The document discusses how corruption negatively impacts India's GDP growth and gives examples of some major corruption scams in India's politics, land, services, armed forces and religious institutions. It suggests ways to cure corruption, such as through value education, vigilance, responsible citizenship, strong leadership and media support.
“Processes by which goods, services, capital, people, information, and ideas flow across national borders.”
The process of integration of economic, financial, cultural and political systems across the world.
This document discusses different theories of attitudes. It defines an attitude as an evaluative statement indicating one's feelings toward people, objects, events, or situations. It then outlines three major attitude theories: balance theory, which involves how a person relates to others and objects; congruity theory, which is based on how consistently a person holds attitudes; and cognitive dissonance theory, which examines the link between attitudes and behaviors and proposes that people seek to reduce inconsistencies between their actions and beliefs.
Module 7- Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, Working in the Comm...Reliable Assignments Help
Module 7: Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, Working in the Community Assignment Help
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Don’t let the complexities of care planning, restorative care, and community work overwhelm you. Reach out to GPAShark.com today and experience the difference expert assignment help can make!
The Future of Hair Loss Treatment: Harnessing Stem Cells with Dr. David GreeneDr. David Greene Arizona
Hair loss is no longer a condition that must be endured in silence. Thanks to the groundbreaking work of experts like Dr. David Greene, stem cell therapy is emerging as a powerful tool in the fight against hair loss. With continued research and development, this innovative approach holds the promise of transforming the lives of those affected by hair loss, offering a future where a full head of hair can be restored naturally and effectively.
Dawn of new Era: Digital Human, Agentic AI, and Auto sapiensJAI NAHAR, MD MBA
This interactive talk focuses on Intelligent Digital
agents, Digital human, and Embodied agents, which
are important emerging applications of Generative AI
in 2024 and beyond.
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2025 QPP: Proposed Changes from the PFS Proposed RuleShelby Lewis
CMS has released the 2025 PFS Proposed Rule and proposed several changes to the Quality Payment Program. Here is a slideshow that highlights the key changes.
Management of materials and finance hospital pharmacysibirajpharmdoff
Definition:
It is concerned with the planning, organizing & controlling the flow of materials from their initial purchase through internal operations to the service point through distribution
Aims of material management:
The right quality
Right quality of supplies
At the right time
At the right place
For the right cost
A price that is appropriate for massage therapy enables cost-effective healthcare access. If such treatments cost is low, it would provide more individuals with an opportunity to enjoy frequent massages which are crucial in relieving anxiety and pain. Because it is cheap, individuals may incorporate such treatments in their healthcare lifestyles without having to be concerned about how much they spend on themselves. At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we are providing all types of massage services @ 99 AED. Visit us today.
In the healthcare field, precise and comprehensive documentation is essential for delivering high-quality patient care. One of the most critical components of clinical documentation is the SOAP note. At GPAShark.com, we specialize in providing expert SOAP note writing services, tailored to meet the needs of nursing students, healthcare professionals, and medical practitioners. Our goal is to help you master the art of SOAP note writing, ensuring your documentation is thorough, accurate, and effective.
Understanding SOAP Notes
SOAP stands for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan. This structured method of documentation is used widely in healthcare settings to ensure consistent and clear communication among healthcare providers. Each component of a SOAP note serves a specific purpose:
Subjective (S):
This section captures the patient's narrative, including their chief complaint, history of present illness (HPI), past medical history (PMH), family history (FH), social history (SH), and review of systems (ROS). It reflects the patient's perspective and is crucial for understanding their condition and concerns.
Objective (O):
The objective section includes measurable and observable data collected during the physical examination and diagnostic tests. This might involve vital signs, laboratory results, imaging studies, and physical exam findings. Objectivity is key to providing a factual basis for the assessment.
Assessment (A):
In the assessment section, the healthcare provider synthesizes the subjective and objective data to formulate a diagnosis or differential diagnoses. This analysis helps in understanding the patient's condition and guiding the treatment plan.
Plan (P):
The plan outlines the course of action, including treatment strategies, medications, diagnostic tests, patient education, and follow-up appointments. It provides a roadmap for managing the patient's condition and achieving desired health outcomes.
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Maximize efficiency and accuracy in medical billing with our comprehensive solutions tailored to your practice's needs. Our expert team ensures timely reimbursements and minimized denials, so you can focus on providing quality patient care. visit: www.velanhcs..com
BURNS, CALCULATION OF BURNS, CALCULATION OF FLUID REQUIREMENT AND MANAGEMENT.pdfDolisha Warbi
Nursing assessment of burns, Rule of nine,calculation of fluid by Parkland formula, Brooke formula and Evan's formula, Definition of Burns, causes of burns, classification of burns, pathophysiology of burns, clinical manifestation, Diagnostic evaluation, medical management, surgical management, nursing diagnosis, nursing management, phase of burn care, first aid, complication of burns.
August 2024. Smart hospitals use advanced technologies like the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), AI, ML, NLP, and blockchain to improve efficiency, sustainability, and patient experience. Smart hospital applications include electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, and MHealth. Smart and sustainable hospitals offer many benefits, like enhanced care, cost savings, and pollution reduction. However, challenges like high electricity consumption and cyberattack vulnerability exist. To overcome these, smart hospitals must adopt energy-efficient technologies, use renewable energy, and enhance cybersecurity. In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, benefits, challenges, sustainability strategies, UN policy, and global statistics of smart hospitals and smart healthcare.
VENEERS: YOUR SMILE'S BEST KEPT SECRET.pptxSatvikaPrasad
Veneers are a transformative dental solution that offers a seamless blend of aesthetics and functionality, making them a popular choice for enhancing smiles. These thin, custom-fabricated laminates are primarily constructed from either high-grade porcelain or composite resin materials, both selected for their superior aesthetic and functional properties. Veneers are meticulously bonded to the labial surfaces of anterior teeth, providing a definitive solution for a variety of dental conditions, including intrinsic discoloration, enamel defects, minor malalignments, diastemas, and structural deficiencies such as chips or fractures. The preparation for veneer placement typically involves minimal reduction of the tooth structure, preserving the maximum amount of healthy tooth while allowing for optimal adhesive bonding. This conservative approach is pivotal in maintaining tooth vitality and structural integrity. The precise customization and application of veneers require a thorough understanding of dental materials, occlusion, and esthetic principles, underscoring their role as a sophisticated and effective treatment modality in contemporary prosthodontic practice.
NATURAL, COLORFUL, YUMMY COSMETICS BRAND FOR YOUR BEAUTYzcodebro
Organic Mimi is a real treat for skin and hair care. A healthy and pleasant pampering experience when you want to indulge yourself with organic natural ingredients for skin beauty and delicious fragrances for cheerful mi-mi mood. Our products are "no-fuss": pure formulations and simple application ensure your skin's basic needs for hydration, nourishment and protection are covered. Fun packaging, reminiscent of ice-cream cups, and mimi-aromatherapy turn your everyday skincare routine into a genuine beauty ritual causing beauty addiction
Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market by Product Type, Distribution Ch...IMARC Group
The global left atrial appendage closure devices market size reached US$ 1.5 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 6.3 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 16.85% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/left-atrial-appendage-closure-devices-market
Database Creation in Clinical Trials: The AI AdvantageClinosolIndia
The use of AI in creating and managing databases for clinical trials offers significant advantages, transforming how data is collected, managed, and analyzed. Here are the key benefits and approaches of leveraging AI in this context
2. Health Care Finance
“Function of a health system concerned
with the accumulation, mobilization and
allocation of money to cover the health
needs of the people, individually and
collectively, in the health system.” (WHO)
4. Revenue collection :
1. Taxation-most equitable system of financing
2. Health insurance contributions
3. User pays (out of pocket, no reimbursement)
4. Donor funding/Grants
5. Taxes for Government Healthcare Funds
Similar to the “Education Cess on Income Tax”
and “Secondary and Higher Education Cess on
Income Tax”, the Government can consider
introducing a health related component within the
Income Tax structure that will act as a secondary
source for Government Healthcare funds to be
utilized in public health services
6. Health insurance
Health insurance is a type of insurance
coverage that covers the cost of an insured
individual's medical and surgical expenses.
8. USER PAY
Your expenses for medical care that aren't
reimbursed by insurance. Out-of-pocket
costs include deductibles, coinsurance, and
copayments for covered services plus all
costs for services that aren't covered.
9. Donor funding/Grants
Donor/Grants are non-repayable funds or
products disbursed by one party, often a
government department, corporation, foundation or
trust, to a recipient, often a nonprofit entity,
educational institution, business or an individual.
12. Purchasing of health services :
It is done by public or private agencies that spend money
either to provide services directly or to purchase services
for their beneficiaries.
Purchaser :
Ministry of health (MOH)
Social security agencies
District health board
Insurance organization
Individual or household