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3D printable and biocompatible PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloids with high conductivity for rapid on-demand fabrication of 3D bioelectronics
Conventional PEDOT:PSS inks for electrical interfacing with ex-vivo and in-vivo systems are limited by poor rheological and conductive properties. Here, the authors show a one-shot strategy to fabricate 3D printable and biocompatible PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloidal ink for bioelectronics with 2D and 3D structures.
- Byungkook Oh
- , Seunghyeok Baek
- & Steve Park
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Article
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Generation of precision microstructures based on reconfigurable photoresponsive hydrogels for high-resolution polymer replication and microoptics
Microstructured molds play an important role in polymer replication for applied fields like microfluidics and precision optics. Here, authors present a method to generate micromolds based on reusable photoresponsive hydrogels and demonstrate its application for microfluidic devices and optical elements.
- Pang Zhu
- , Qingchuan Song
- & Bastian E. Rapp
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Light-driven C–H activation mediated by 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
C–H activation in long-chain organic molecules remains largely unexplored. Here, the authors report light-driven C–H activation mediated by 2D TMDCs and the resultant synthesis of luminescent carbon dots.
- Jingang Li
- , Di Zhang
- & Yuebing Zheng
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Article
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Ag–thiolate interactions to enable an ultrasensitive and stretchable MXene strain sensor with high temporospatial resolution
This work proposes a cracking control strategy using MXene and silver nanowire composite films to achieve a stretchable strain sensor system with high resolution, range, sensitivity, speed, and stability
- Yang Liu
- , Zijun Xu
- & Jiajie Liang
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Article
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Consecutive multimaterial printing of biomimetic ionic hydrogel power sources with high flexibility and stretchability
Electric eels are an excellent example of harnessing ion-concentration gradient for power generation. Here, authors demonstrate an automatic and high-throughput consecutive multi-material printing strategy to fabricate electric-eel-inspired ionic hydrogel power sources with high stretchability.
- Pei He
- , Junyu Yue
- & Dichen Li
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A bioinspired surface tension-driven route toward programmed cellular ceramics
Three-dimensional architecture engineering allows for higher performance ceramics with more diverse applications. Here, the authors report a simple and efficient manufacturing process for cellular ceramics in programmed cell-based 3D configurations.
- Ying Hong
- , Shiyuan Liu
- & Zhengbao Yang
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Article
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A zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with ultra-high sensitivity
The authors report a zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with sensitivity up to 16.818 kHz/g, which is attributed to the nano-resonators using zinc oxide nanowires and the optimized microleverages and push-pull structures.
- Pengfei Xu
- , Dazhi Wang
- & Yan Cui
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Article
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Programmed multimaterial assembly by synergized 3D printing and freeform laser induction
A freeform multimaterial assembly process (FMAP) is demonstrated, synchronizing laser induction with 3D printing for seamlessly integrating multimaterials into 3D objects, enabling streamlined, flexible, and precise electronic device fabrication.
- Bujingda Zheng
- , Yunchao Xie
- & Jian Lin
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Article
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Hybrid architectures for terahertz molecular polaritonics
Metasurface-based architectures enhance light-matter interactions between a terahertz photonic mode and glucose vibrational resonance. This platform allows new physical and chemical properties of hybrid light-matter states to be exploited.
- Ahmed Jaber
- , Michael Reitz
- & Jean-Michel Ménard
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Article
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Flash heating process for efficient meat preservation
In this work, authors propose a flash Joule heating-based process for meat preservation, enabled by the formation of a thin, microbe-inactivated, and dehydrated layer on the surface. The method is energetically efficient and shown to significantly extend the food shelf life while maintaining food freshness.
- Yimin Mao
- , Peihua Ma
- & Liangbing Hu
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Article
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A filtering reconfigurable intelligent surface for interference-free wireless communications
A filtering reconfigurable intelligent surface is presented with sharp frequency-selecting and 2-bit phase-shifting properties, offering to advance the development of wireless communications with anti-interference and signal-manipulation abilities.
- Jing Cheng Liang
- , Lei Zhang
- & Tie Jun Cui
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3D printing with a 3D printed digital material filament for programming functional gradients
3D printing of functional gradients often requires specialized equipment and costly materials, constraining scalability. Here, using a conventional desktop FDM printer, authors present a 3D printing strategy using a filament that is itself 3D-printed to produce functional gradients.
- Sang-Joon Ahn
- , Howon Lee
- & Kyu-Jin Cho
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3D printable strong and tough composite organo-hydrogels inspired by natural hierarchical composite design principles
The preparation of composite hydrogels can allow for mechanical properties to be enhanced, and hierarchical structures can be effective. Here, the authors report improved mechanical properties by the addition of ceramic platelets to an organohydrogel in direct ink writing.
- Quyang Liu
- , Xinyu Dong
- & Wei Zhai
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Vapor-induced phase-separation-enabled versatile direct ink writing
The extrusion-based three-dimensional printing of polymers, metals, and composites requires elevated temperatures and may lead to diverse undesirable defects on printed parts. Here, the authors develop a vapor-induced phase separation printing technique to construct polymeric, metallic, and composite parts by using a polymer as a binder.
- Marc Sole-Gras
- , Bing Ren
- & Yong Huang
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3D printing by stereolithography using thermal initiators
Common stereolithography-based 3D printing relies on photopolymerization using photoinitiators. Here, the authors replace the conventional photoinitiators with low-cost, widely used thermal initiators to achieve 3D-printed objects.
- Doron Kam
- , Omri Rulf
- & Shlomo Magdassi
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The first demonstration of entirely roll-to-roll fabricated perovskite solar cell modules under ambient room conditions
The translation of perovskite solar cells to large-area devices fabricated by industry-relevant manufacturing methods remains a critical challenge. Here, authors report solar modules with serially-interconnected cells produced entirely by industrial roll-to-roll printing under ambient conditions.
- Hasitha C. Weerasinghe
- , Nasiruddin Macadam
- & Doojin Vak
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Article
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Scalable production of structurally colored composite films by shearing supramolecular composites of polymers and colloids
Structurally coloured composite films are flexible optical materials with potential in a range of applications, but their production is impacted by long time-frames and limited materials. Here, the authors report a method for the production of large scale films by shearing supramolecular composites.
- Miaomiao Li
- , Bolun Peng
- & Jintao Zhu
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Crystallization of piezoceramic films on glass via flash lamp annealing
Direct growth of piezoelectric oxides on glass is difficult due to high processing temperatures. Here, the authors demonstrate a flash lamp process for the growth of films on various glasses in a few seconds only. The films have piezoelectric e33,f of −5 C m−2 and can be used in haptic devices.
- Longfei Song
- , Juliette Cardoletti
- & Sebastjan Glinšek
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High-strength and crack-free welding of 2024 aluminium alloy via Zr-core-Al-shell wire
Solidification cracking during fusion welding of high-strength aluminum alloys has been a long-standing issue. Here, the authors achieve reliable and crack-free welding of 2024 aluminum alloy using a Zr-core-Al-shell wire and the oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding technique.
- Jun Jin
- , Shaoning Geng
- & Xiangqi Wang
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Article
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Development of multifunctional membranes via plasma-assisted nonsolvent induced phase separation
The structures and properties of membranes depend strongly on their preparation methods. Here, the authors present a plasma-assisted nonsolvent-induced phase separation method that allows to tailor the physicochemical and electrical characteristics of PVDF membranes for various applications.
- Yueh-Han Huang
- , Meng-Jiy Wang
- & Tai-Shung Chung
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Accurate additive manufacturing of lightweight and elastic carbons using plastic precursors
This work reports a simple method to produce 3D printed complex carbon materials with low dimensional shrinkage (<4%) from printed to carbonized state, using commercially available carbon fiber-reinforced polypropylene precursors and a fused filament fabrication-based process.
- Paul Smith
- , Jiayue Hu
- & Zhe Qiang
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Article
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Self-poled piezoelectric polymer composites via melt-state energy implantation
Lightweight flexible piezoelectric polymers are demanded for various applications, but restricted by the low instinctively piezoelectric coefficient and complex poling process. Here, the authors develop a high performance lightweight, flexible self-poled piezoelectric polymer composite towards sustainable self-powered sensing and energy harvesting.
- Zhao-Xia Huang
- , Lan-Wei Li
- & Jin-Ping Qu
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Accelerating process development for 3D printing of new metal alloys
Process development for 3D printing of new metal alloys can be time-consuming and variability in the printing outcome makes it even more challenging. Here, authors demonstrate an in-situ method using high-speed imaging and deep learning to accelerate the process design for a more consistent quality.
- David Guirguis
- , Conrad Tucker
- & Jack Beuth
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3D microprinting of inorganic porous materials by chemical linking-induced solidification of nanocrystals
3D microprinting is considered a next generation manufacturing process for microscale components. Here, authors develop a generalised microscale 3D printing method to produce purely inorganic nanocrystal-linked porous materials that exhibit excellent functionality and hierarchical porosity.
- Minju Song
- , Yoonkyum Kim
- & Jae Sung Son
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Article
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3D printing of self-healing personalized liver models for surgical training and preoperative planning
High-fidelity personalized anatomical models can offer invaluable support for precision medicine. Here, the authors show the 3D printing of self-healing liver models, which can be resected in a trial and-error manner for surgical training to enhance the safety of hepatic surgery.
- Yahui Lu
- , Xing Chen
- & Yuhua Zhang
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Roll-to-plate 0.1-second shear-rolling process at elevated temperature for highly aligned nanopatterns
In this work, authors demonstrate a 0.1-second shear rolling process capable of shearing without peeling up to 280 °C. This enables roll-to-plate fabrication of highly and unidirectionally aligned sub−10 nm block copolymer patterns over large wafer areas.
- Junghyun Cho
- , Jinwoo Oh
- & Jeong Gon Son
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Article
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UV-curable thiol-ene system for broadband infrared transparent objects
Processing of conventional infrared-transparent materials limits their applicability. The authors demonstrate 3D printing of thiol-ene optical components with mid- and long-wave infrared transparency with applications such as reaction temperature monitoring.
- Piaoran Ye
- , Zhihan Hong
- & Rongguang Liang
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Article
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Bioinspired rational design of bi-material 3D printed soft-hard interfaces
Stress concentrations make the design of durable interfaces between hard and soft materials a challenging task. Here, the authors, inspired by nature, combine mechanical tests and simulations on multiple geometries to generate design guidelines that yield strong and tough soft-hard interfaces.
- M. C. Saldívar
- , E. Tay
- & A. A. Zadpoor
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Article
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A general large-scale synthesis approach for crystalline porous materials
The large-scale production of crystalline porous materials remains a challenge. Here the authors report a general approach of high-pressure homogenization that can realize large-scale synthesis of crystalline porous materials under benign conditions.
- Xiongli Liu
- , An Wang
- & Shengqian Ma
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Article
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Autonomous and dynamic precursor selection for solid-state materials synthesis
Solid-state materials synthesis relies on effective precursor design. Here, the authors introduce an algorithm that combines ab-initio computations with insights gained from experimental outcomes to efficiently optimize the selection of precursors.
- Nathan J. Szymanski
- , Pragnay Nevatia
- & Gerbrand Ceder
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Additive manufacturing of alloys with programmable microstructure and properties
The traditional way of beating metals to improve their properties is not practical to 3D printed parts with intricate geometry. Here, the authors demonstrate how to program microstructural modifications of metals site-specifically during 3D printing to tune their properties.
- Shubo Gao
- , Zhi Li
- & Matteo Seita
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Material-agnostic machine learning approach enables high relative density in powder bed fusion products
Exploring laser powder bed fusion in manufacturing, the authors demonstrate a machine learning-based method to optimize processing conditions achieving materials with relative density greater than 98% and experimentally verify its generality for multiple distinct powder materials.
- Jaemin Wang
- , Sang Guk Jeong
- & Byeong-Joo Lee
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Fully automatic transfer and measurement system for structural superlubric materials
A critical step to enable practical structural superlubricity (SSL) applications is to enable high throughput to both fabrication and performance evaluation. Here, the authors demonstrate an automated system for efficient and multiple SSL materials transfer and tribological measurement.
- Li Chen
- , Cong Lin
- & Ming Ma
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Mechanism of the noncatalytic oxidation of soot using in situ transmission electron microscopy
In this work, authors investigate mechanisms of noncatalytic soot oxidation and establish models applicable to different types of soot based on the particles oxidation behaviour using in-situ transmission electron microscopy.
- Ming Gao
- , Yongjun Jang
- & Fuchen Wang
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Article
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Efficient electrospray deposition of surfaces smaller than the spray plume
Electrospray deposition is a promising technique for depositing functional coatings at the micro-/nano-scale. Here, the authors establish the necessary conditions for high efficiency electrospray deposition of small targets, establishing promise as an alternative to other conformal coating methods.
- Sarah H. Park
- , Lin Lei
- & Jonathan P. Singer
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Article
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Rapid prototyping of high-resolution large format microfluidic device through maskless image guided in-situ photopolymerization
The utility of microfluidic devices has been limited by several drawbacks including low resolution, inferior feature fidelity, poor repeatability. Here the authors address these challenges by developing a strategic approach of image guided in-situ maskless lithography to fabricate a variety of microfluidic devices and resolve critical proximity effect and size limitations in rapid prototyping.
- Ratul Paul
- , Yuwen Zhao
- & Yaling Liu
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Conductance stable and mechanically durable bi-layer EGaIn composite-coated stretchable fiber for 1D bioelectronics
The mechanical and electrical properties of liquid-metal particle fibers are limited by incompatible coating techniques. Here, Lee et. al. present a solution shearing-based deposition technique for high performance bi-layer stretchable fibers, showcasing applications in smart clothing and 1D bioelectronics.
- Gun-Hee Lee
- , Do Hoon Lee
- & Steve Park
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Controlled alignment of supermoiré lattice in double-aligned graphene heterostructures
The reliable fabrication of 2D heterostructures with controllable moiré patterns is important for the investigation of their emergent physical properties. Here, the authors report an alignment technique enabling the fabrication of double-aligned hBN/graphene/hBN supermoiré lattice structures with a yield close to 100%.
- Junxiong Hu
- , Junyou Tan
- & A. Ariando
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Article
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Formation mechanism of high-index faceted Pt-Bi alloy nanoparticles by evaporation-induced growth from metal salts
Faceted nanoparticles with high-index planes exposed usually bear promising material functionalities. Here, the authors directly observe the coarsening and facet regulation process of tetrahexahedra Pt nanoparticles by using in-situ gas-phase TEM.
- Kunmo Koo
- , Bo Shen
- & Vinayak P. Dravid
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Article
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Radial bimetallic structures via wire arc directed energy deposition-based additive manufacturing
Bimetallic wire arc additive manufacturing has traditionally been limited to deposition of planar interfaces. Here, the authors demonstrate deposition of complex radial interfaces with in situ mechanical interlocking, resulting in the prestressed compressive effect in the as-built parts.
- Lile Squires
- , Ethan Roberts
- & Amit Bandyopadhyay
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Article
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Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer
Marangoni swimmers have high relative speed, considering the body length and absence of a mechanical system but the fabricating is complex. Song et al. transform simple pen strokes into dynamic, programmable robots that can ‘swim’ with striking versatility.
- Seo Woo Song
- , Sumin Lee
- & Jiyun Kim
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Article
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3D printing of unsupported multi-scale and large-span ceramic via near-infrared assisted direct ink writing
In 3D ceramic printing, the need for additional supports can increase processing time and introduce defects during post-processing removal. Here, authors merge direct ink writing and up-conversion particles-assisted photopolymerization under near-infrared irradiation for support-free printing with controlled curing rates reducing material waste, printing time, and post-processing steps.
- Yongqin Zhao
- , Junzhe Zhu
- & Ren Liu
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Article
| Open Access
Integrated opposite charge grafting induced ionic-junction fiber
Ionic-junction devices are difficult to integrate with fiber-shaped tissues like nerves and muscles for applications in implantable bioelectronics due to their large size and bulk structure. Authors realize here easy to implant fiber-shaped iontronics through an integrated opposite charge grafting process, enabling the construction of ionic logic gates and artificial neural pathways.
- Yi Xing
- , Mingjie Zhou
- & Gang Wang
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Article
| Open Access
Large piezoelectric response in a Jahn-Teller distorted molecular metal halide
Here, the authors utilise a combination of quasi-spherical theory and Jahn-Teller distortion to enhance the piezoelectric response of molecular metal halides, and the resulting piezoelectric energy harvesters exhibit superior power densities to the best-reported molecular hybrid energy harvesters.
- Sasa Wang
- , Asif Abdullah Khan
- & Edward H. Sargent
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Article
| Open Access
Top-down patterning of topological surface and edge states using a focused ion beam
Topological edge states offer the prospect of dissipationless transport for nanoelectronics, but a precise method to spatially engineer such nanoscale conducting channels is still lacking. Here, the authors demonstrate patterning of topological boundary states in Sb2Te3 using a focused ion beam to create amorphous, topologically trivial regions.
- Abdulhakim Bake
- , Qi Zhang
- & David Cortie
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Article
| Open Access
AlphaFlow: autonomous discovery and optimization of multi-step chemistry using a self-driven fluidic lab guided by reinforcement learning
Autonomous exploration of materials design space is hindered by its high dimensionality and the scarcity of data. In this work, we present AlphaFlow, a self-driven lab guided by reinforcement learning that enables accelerated discovery and optimization of multi-step chemistries.
- Amanda A. Volk
- , Robert W. Epps
- & Milad Abolhasani
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Article
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Robust flexural performance and fracture behavior of TiO2 decorated densified bamboo as sustainable structural materials
Fast-growing bamboo still need advanced processing before being fabricated into sustainable structural materials. Here, the authors develop high-performance TiO2 reinforced densified bamboo via in situ hydrothermal synthesis and reveal the flexural failure mechanism of the composite.
- Ziyu Ba
- , Hongyun Luo
- & Robert O. Ritchie
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Article
| Open Access
Mechanical metamaterials made of freestanding quasi-BCC nanolattices of gold and copper with ultra-high energy absorption capacity
The fabrication of freestanding 3D lattice structures with beam diameters less than 100 nm is a considerable challenge. Here, the authors report quasi-BCC nanolattices of gold and copper, featuring beam diameters as low as 34 nm, that demonstrate an exceptionally high capacity for energy absorption.
- Hongwei Cheng
- , Xiaoxia Zhu
- & Jinglai Duan
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Article
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Piezo robotic hand for motion manipulation from micro to macro
Traditional robotic hands are facing several issues due to limitations in structures, principles and transmissions. Here, the authors develop a rigid robotic hand with 4 piezo fingers and 12 DOFs to implement high adaptability multi-DOF motion manipulation from micro to macro, as well as micro grasping operation.
- Shijing Zhang
- , Yingxiang Liu
- & Jie Zhao
Micromachined structures decoupling Joule heating and electron wind force