Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the antennal morphology and the distribution and typology of sensilla in antennae of male and female Caligo illioneus illioneus Cramer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), examined by scanning electron microscopy—SEM. The insect was identified by morphological and molecular means, and the COI gene of this subspecies was sequenced and deposited in GenBank. The SEM results showed that antennae of both sexes do not present dimorphism, as they cannot be distinguished from each other in terms of morphology. In addition, the ventral region of the flagellum has longitudinal carinae. In both sexes, seven types of sensilla were identified along the scape, pedicel and flagellum: Böhm’s bristles and sensilla auricillica, basiconica, chaetica, coeloconica, squamiformia, and trichodea. Subtypes I and II were characterized for Böhm's bristles and sensilla basiconica and chaetica according to the length, because morphometric result was statistically different among individuals of the same sex. In addition, the flagellum contains the vast majority of sensilla and their subtypes, except for Böhm’s bristles, present only in the basal region. This study provides valuable information about the antennal morphology and sensilla typology in C. i. illioneus, contributing with morphological evidence on the sensory system of butterflies, mainly in the genus Caligo, which is helpful to assist behavioral and electrophysiological studies.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and/or analysed in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The genetic sequence obtained in the present study was deposited in GenBank database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) under acession number MT792803.1.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to Agropalma S/A, Tailândia, PA, Brazil, for providing the study material (insects); and to Dra. Mirna Martins Casagrande, from Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, for identifing the subspecies of Caligo.
Funding
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001; the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas (FAPEAL); and the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) Semioquímicos na Agricultura (CNPq Proc. 465511/2014–7).
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Conceptualization: CBDS, KBDS and ECG. Methodology: CBDS, KBDS, ECG, FMF and JGDC. Investigation: CBDS, ECG, JDDF, KBDS. Data acquisition: CBDS, JMDDF, JDDF, KBDS, FMF. Data analysis: CBDS, JDDF, KBDS, FMF, JGDC. Writing–original draft preparation: CBDS, KBDS, ECG. Writing–review and editing: all authors. Supervision: GSC, CHG, HFG, AEGS.
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All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. No endangered species or animals from protected areas were used for this study. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
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Da Silva, C.B., Da Silva, K.B., De Freitas, J.M.D. et al. Antennal morphology and ultrastructural sensilla characterization in Caligo illioneus illioneus Cramer (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) adults. Zoomorphology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-024-00672-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-024-00672-5