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2002 in paleontology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2002.

Plants

[edit]

Gymnosperms

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Ginkgo dissecta[2]

Sp nov

Valid

Mustoe

Early Eocene

McAbee site, Kamloops Group

 Canada

Pinus matthewsii[3]

Sp nov

Valid

McKown, Stockey, & Schweger

Pliocene

Ch'ijee's Bluff, Bluefish Basin

 Canada

Angiosperms

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Hymenaea mexicana[4]

sp nov

Valid

Poinar & Brown

Late Oligocene - early Miocene

Mexican amber

 Mexico

A species of Hymenaea, producer of Mexican amber

Trifurcatua flabellata[5]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Mohr & Rydin

Lower Cretaceous

Crato Formation

 Brazil

putative monocot

Arthropods

[edit]

Insects

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cretomerobius wehri[6]

Sp nov.

Jr synonym

Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald

Ypresian

Klondike Mountain Formation

 USA

A drepanepterygine brown lacewing.
Moved to Proneuronema wehri in 2016[7]

Dolichoderus kohlsi[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Colorado

A dolichoderine ant.

Dolichoderus longipilosus[9]

Sp nov

valid

Dlussky

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

 Europe

A Dolichoderine ant

Dolichoderus longipilosus

Dolichoderus nanus[9]

Sp nov

valid

Dlussky

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

 Europe

A Dolichoderine ant

Dolichoderus nanus

Eoformica globularis[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Wyoming

A ant of uncertain placement.

Eoformica magna[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Wyoming

A ant of uncertain placement.

Fibla (Reisserella) cerdanica[10]

Comb nov

Valid

(Nel)

Late Miocene

 Spain

An inocellid snakefly,
moved from Miofibla Nel, 1994

Fibla cerdanica

Formica gustawi[11]

Sp nov

valid

Dlussky

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

 Europe

A formicine ant

Formica gustawi

Klondikia[8]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Klondike Mountain Formation

 United States
 Washington

An ant form genus of uncertain placement.
Type species K. whiteae

Kohlsimyrma[8]

Gen et 2 sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Colorado

An ant form genus of uncertain placement.
Type species K. laticeps
also includes K. gracilis and K. longiceps

Mianeuretus eocenicus[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Colorado

An aneuretine ant

Myrmecites[8]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Colorado

A myrmicine ant form genus.
Type species M. rotundiceps

Pachycondyla labandeirai[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Wyoming

A ponerine ant.

Ponerites[8]

Gen, 3 sp et 1 comb nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Colorado

A ponerine ant form genus.
Type species P. eocenicus
Also includes P. coloradensis, P. hypoponeroides,
& P. umbrus (moved from Ponera umbrus 1932)

Proiridomyrmex[8]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Dlusskys & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Colorado

A dolichoderine ant form genus
Type species P. vetulus

Solenopsites[8]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

Ypresian

Green River Formation

 United States
 Colorado

A myrmicine ant form genus.
Type species S. minutus

Wesmaelius mathewesi[6]

sp. nov

valid

Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald

Ypresian

Coldwater Formation

 Canada

first description of fossil Wesmaelius

Conodonts

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Eolinguipolygnathus[12]

Gen et comb nov

valid

Bardashev, Weddige, & Ziegler

early Devonian

An eopolygnathid conodont,
type species E. dehiscens
moved from Polygnathus dehiscens (1967)

Archosauromorphs

[edit]

Dinosaurs

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[13]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Agnosphitys[14]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Fraser, Padian, Walkden, & Davis

late Triassic

 England

A possible chimera

Agnosphitys cromhallensis

Anabisetia[15]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Coria & Calvo

Late Cretaceous

Cerro Lisandro Formation

 Argentina

An Iguanodont

Anabisetia saldiviai

Aucasaurus[16]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Coria, Chiappe, & Dingus

Santonian

Anacleto Formation

 Argentina

An Abelisaurid

Aucasaurus garridoi

"Byranjaffia"[17]

gen nov

Nomen nudum

Novacek

Late Cretaceous

 Mongolia

Officially named Byronosaurus

Crichtonsaurus[18]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Dong

Late Cretaceous

Sunjiawan Formation

 China

An ankylosaurid

"Cryptovolans"[19]

gen et sp nov

Junior synonym

Czerkas, Zhang, Li, & Li

Aptian

Jiufotang Formation

 China

Jr synonym of Microraptor

"Epidendrosaurus"[20]

gen et sp nov

junior synonym

Zhang, Zhou, Xu, & Wang

Late Jurassic

Yixian Formation

 China

jr synonym of Scansoriopteryx

Erliansaurus[21]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Xu et al.

Late Cretaceous

Iren Dabasu Formation

 Mongolia

A Therizinosauroid

Erliansaurus bellamanus

"Fusinasus"[22]

gen et sp nov

Junior synonym of Eotyrannus

Hutt

Early Cretaceous

Wessex Formation

 England

Jr synonym of Eotyrannus

"Huaxiasaurus"

Nomen nudum

Rey

Officially named Huaxiagnathus in 2004

Incisivosaurus[23]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Xu, Wang, & Chang

Barremian

Yixian Formation

 China

An Oviraptorosaurid

Liaoceratops[24]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Berremian

Yixian Formation

 China

A Ceratopsian

Liaoceratops yanzigouensis

Pycnonemosaurus[25]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Kellner & Campos

Bauru-type red conglomerate sandstone

Maastrichtian

 Brazil

An Abelisaurid

Scansoriopteryx[26]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Czerkas & Yuan

Late Jurassic

Yixian Formation

 China

Possible junior synonym of Epidendrosaurus

Sinovenator[27]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Xu et al.

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

A Troodontid

Sphaerotholus[28] Gen. 2 sp. nov Valid Williamson & Carr Late Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, Hell Creek Formation  United States

( Montana,  New Mexico)

A pachycephalosaurine; originally described with two species, S. goodwini and S. buchholtzae.
Sphaerotholus

Birds

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]
Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Adelalopus [29]

Valid

Gen. et Sp. nov.

Mayr & Smith

Early Oligocene

Borgloon Formation

 Belgium
 Flemish Brabant

A palaelodid
Type species A. hoogbutseliensis

Aegialornis germanicus [30]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Mlíkovský

Middle Eocene

 Germany
 Saxony-Anhalt

An Aegialornithid

Archaeotrogon nocturnus [30]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Mlíkovský

Eocene or Early Oligocene

Phosphorites du Quercy

 France

An archaeotrogonid

Athene trinacriae [31]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Pavia & Mourer-Chauviré

Pleistocene

 Italia
 Sicily

A strigid owl.

Belonopterus downsi [32]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

La Brea Tar Pits

 USA
 California

A charadriid lapwing.

Camusia quintanai [33]

Valid

Gen. et Sp. nov.

Seguí

Pliocene

Vroeg-Midden

 Spain
 Menorca

A gruid crane.

Cathayornis aberransis [34]

?Valid

Sp. nov.

Hou, Zhou, Zhang, & Gu

Valanginian

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A cathayornithid

Cathayornis

Cimolopteryx petra [35]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Hope

Maastrichtian

Lance Formation

 USA
 Wyoming

A cimolopterygid
moved to Lamarqueavis petra in 2010[36]

Collocalia manuoi [37]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Steadman

Quaternary

 Cook Islands

An apodid swiftlet.

Colymboides belgicus [29]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Mayr & Smith

Early Oligocene

Borgloon Formation

 Belgium
 Flemish Brabant

A gaviid.

Delphinornis arctowskii [38]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Myrcha et al.

Eocene

La Meseta Formation

 Antarctica

A spheniscid penguin.

Delphinornis gracilis [38]

Valid

Comb. nov.

(Wiman)

Eocene

La Meseta Formation

 Antarctica

A spheniscid penguin
Moved from Ichtyopteryx gracilis (1905)

Enaliornis seeleyi [39]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Galton & Martin

Early Cretaceous

 UK
 England

An enaliornithid

Eocathayornis [40]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Zhou

Valanginian

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An enantiornithelian,
Type species E. walkeri

Giganhinga [41]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Rinderknecht & Noriega

Pliocene-Pleistocene

San José Formation

 Uruguay

An anhingid
Type species G. kiyuensis

Gigantohierax [42]

Valid

Gen et Sp. nov.

Arredondo & Arredondo

Quaternary

Cave deposits

 Cuba

An Accipitridae
Type species G. suarezi

Halimornis [43]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Chiappe, Lamb Jr., & Ericson

Early-Middle Campanian

Mooreville Chalk Formation

 USA
 Alabama

An Euenantiornithalean
Type species H. thompsoni

Hesperornis bairdi [44]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Martin & Lim

Campanian

Pierre Shale Formation

 USA
 South Dakota

A hesperornithid

Hesperornis chowi [44]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Martin & Lim

Campanian

Pierre Shale Formation

 USA
 South Dakota

A hesperornithid

Hesperornis macdonaldi [44]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Martin & Lim

Campanian

Pierre Shale Formation

 USA
 South Dakota

A hesperornithid

Hesperornis mengeli [44]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Martin & Lim

Campanian

Pierre Shale Formation

 Canada
 Manitoba

A hesperornithid

?Idiornis anthracinus [45]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Mayr

Middle Eocene

 Germany
 Saxony-Anhalt

A cuculid cuckoo
Moved to Dynamopterus anthracinus (2013)[46]

Jeholornis [47]

Valid

Gen et Sp. nov.

Zhou & Zhang

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A jeholornithid
Type species J. prima

Jeholornis prima

Jiliniornis [48]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Hou & Ericson

Middle Eocene

Huadian Formation

 China

A charadriid
Type species J. huadianensis

Jinzhouornis [34]

jr synonym

Gen et 2 Sp. nov.

Hou, Zhou, Zhang, & Gu

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

A confuciusornithid
Type species J. yixianensis, also included J. zhangjiyingia
Genus and species synonymized with Confuciusornis sanctus 2018[49]

Confuciusornis sanctus

Jixiangornis [50]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Ji et al.

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An avialaen
Type species J. orientalis

Jixiangornis orientalis

Larus utunui [51]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Steadman

Subrecent

 French Polynesia

A larid gull.

Marambiornis [38]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Myrcha et al.

Eocene

La Meseta Formation

 Antarctica

A penguin
Type species M. exilis

Masillastega [52]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Mayr

Early Middle Eocene

Messel Formation

 Germany
 Hessen

A sulid
Type species M. rectirostris

Masillastega rectirostris

Mesetaornis [38]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Myrcha et al.

Eocene

La Meseta Formation

 Antarctica

A penguin.
Type species M. polaris

Miodytes serbicus [53]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Dimitreijevich, Gál, & Kessler

Early Miocene

Valjevo Basin

 Serbia

A podicipedid grebe.

Novacaesareala [54]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Parris & Hope

Early Danian

Hornerstown Formation

 USA
 New Jersey

A possible torotigid
Type species N. hungerfordi

Oligosylphe [29]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Mayr & Smith

Early Oligocene

Borgloon Formation

 Belgium
 Flemish Brabant

A sylphornithid
Type species O. mourerchauvireae

Omnivoropteryx[55]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Czerkas & Ji

Early Cretaceous

Jiufutang Formation

 China

An Omvivoropterygidae
Type species O. sinousaorum

Oxyura doksana [30]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Mlíkovský

Early Miocene

 Czech Republic

A possible sea duck.

Paraortygoides radagasti [56]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dyke * Gulas

Early Eocene

London Clay

 UK
 England

A gallinuloidid

Parasarcoramphus [57]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Mourer-Chauviré

Bartonian-Late Oligocene

Phosphorites du Quercy

 France
 Occitanie

A cathartid. Type species P. milneedwardsi

Plesiocathartes geiselensis [58]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Mayr

Middle Eocene

 Germany
 Saxony-Anhalt

A leptosomiformean.

Plesiocathartes kelleri[59]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel Formation

 Germany
 Hessen

A Leptosomiformean.

Polarornis [60]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Chatterjee

Late Cretaceous

López de Bertodano Formation
Seymour Island

 Antarctica

A vegaviid[61]
Type species P. gregorii

Sapeornis[62]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Zhou & Zhang

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A omnivoropterygid
Type species S. chaoyangensis

Sapeornis chaoyangensis

Septentrogon [63]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Kristoffersen

Ypresian

Fur Formation

 Denmark

A trogonid
Type species S. madseni

Shenzhouraptor [64]

valid

Gen et sp nov.

Ji et al.

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Avialae. Type species S. sinensis

Shenzhouraptor sinensis

Spheniscus urbinai [65]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Stucchi

Late Miocene-Early Pliocene

Pisco Formation

 Peru

A spheniscid penguin.

Taubatornis [66]

Valid

Gen et sp nov.

Olson & de Alvarenga

Late Oligocene or Early Miocene

Tremembé Formation

 Brazil

A teratorn
Type species T. campbelli

Teratornis olsoni [67]

jr synonym

Sp. nov.

Arredondo & Arredondo

Pleistocene

Cave deposits

 Cuba

A teratorn
Moved to Oscaravis olsoni in 2009[68]

Teratornis woodburnensis [69]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Campbell & Stenger

Late Pleistocene

 USA
 Oregon

A teratorn

Teviornis [70]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Kurochkin, Dyke, & Karhu

Maastrichtian

Nemegt Formation

 Mongolia

A presbyornithid
Type species T. gobiensis

Tyto balearica cyrneichnusae [71]

Valid

Subsp. nov.

Louchart

Late Pleistocene

 France
 Corsica

A tytonid owl subspecies.

Plesiosaurs

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Edgarosaurus

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Druckenmiller

Albian

Thermopolis Shale

 United States
 Montana

A polycotylid
Type species E. muddi

Edgarosaurus muddi

Kaiwhekea

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Cruickshank & Fordyce

Maastrichtian

Katiki Formation

 New Zealand
 Otago

An aristonectine elasmosaurid
Type species K. katiki

Kaiwhekea katiki

Vinialesaurus

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Gasparini et al.

Oxfordian

Jagua Formation

 Cuba

A cryptoclidid
Type species V. caroli
Moved from Cryptocleidus caroli (1949)

Pterosaurs

[edit]

In October, a partial Mesadacylus wing was discovered in the Kingsview Quarry of Colorado.[72] This find marks the first time that a Morrison pterosaur has been found at more than one site in the formation.[72]

New taxa

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Austriadactylus

gen et sp nov

Valid

Dalla Vecchia, Wild, & Reitner

Late Triassic

Seefelder Beds

 Austria

Hatzegopteryx[73]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Buffetaut, Grigorescu, & Csiki

Late Cretaceous

Densuș-Ciula Formation

 Romania

possibly a jr synonym of Quetzalcoatlus

Hatzegopteryx

Jeholopterus

gen et sp nov

Valid

Wang & Zhou

Late Jurassic

Daohugou Beds

 China

Jeholopterus ningchengensis

Piksi

gen et sp nov

Valid

Varricchio

Late Cretaceous

Two Medicine Formation

 United States

At first thought to be a bird, but subsequently reinterpreted as a pterosaur, likely a member of Ornithocheiroidea.[74]

Pterorhynchus

gen et sp nov

Valid

Czerkas & Ji

Late Jurassic

Daohugou Beds

 China

Thalassodromeus

gen et sp nov

Valid

Kellner & Campos

early Cretaceous

Santana Formation

 Brazil

Thalassodromeus sethi

Utahdactylus

gen et sp nov

Valid

Czerkas & Mickelson

Late Jurassic

Morrison Formation, Utah

 USA

Lepidosauromorphs

[edit]

Squamates

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

"Lakumasaurus"[75]

Gen et sp nov

Jr synonym

Novas et al.

Late Campanian

Santa Marta Formation

 Antarctica

Genus synonymized with Taniwhasaurus in 2007

Taniwhasaurus antarcticus

Prognathodon currii[76]

Sp nov

Valid

Christiansen & Bonde

Late Campanian

Mishash Formation

 Israel

A large mosasaur

Prognathodon currii

Synapsids

[edit]

Non-mammalian

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Criocephalosaurus[77]

gen nov

Valid

Kammerer & Sidor

Upper Permian

 South Africa

A dinocephalian. Replacement name for Criocephalus Broom, 1928, preoccupied by Criocephalus Mulsant 1839.

Kitchinganomodon[78]

Gen nov

Valid

Maisch

Upper Permian

 South Africa

A dicynodont. New genus for "Platycyclops" crassus Broom, 1948.

Kwazulusaurus[79]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Maisch

Upper Permian

Beaufort Group

 South Africa

A dicynodont. The type species is Kwazulusaurus shakai.

Lanthanocephalus[80]

gen et sp nov

Preoccupied

Modesto, Rubidge, & Welman

Upper Permian

Koonap Formation

 South Africa

Genus preoccupied by Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000, moved to the replacement Lanthanostegus in 2003

Neotrirachodon[81]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Tatarinov

Middle Triassic

Donguz Formation

 Russia

A cynodont. The type species is Neotrirachodon expectatus.

Ruhuhucerberus[82]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Maisch

Upper Permian

Kawinga Formation

 Tanzania

A gorgonopsian. The type species is Ruhuhucerberus terror.

Titanogorgon[82]

gen nov

Valid

Maisch

Upper Permian

Kawinga Formation

 Tanzania

A gorgonopsian. New genus for "Gorgonognathus" maximus von Huene, 1950.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ Mustoe, G.E. (2002). "Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Botany. 80 (10): 1078–1087. doi:10.1139/b02-097.
  3. ^ McKown, A.D.; Stockey, R.A.; Schweger, C.E. (2002). "A New Species of Pinus Subgenus Pinus Subsection Contortae From Pliocene Sediments of Ch'ijee's Bluff, Yukon Territory, Canada" (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 163 (4): 687–697. doi:10.1086/340425. S2CID 86234947. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-21.
  4. ^ Poinar, G.; Brown, A. (2002). "Hymenaea mexicana sp. nov. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) from Mexican amber indicates Old World connections". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (2): 125–132. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00053.x.
  5. ^ Mohr, B.; Rydin, C. (2002). "Trifurcatia flabellata n. gen. n. sp., a putative monocotyledon angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil)". Fossil Record. 5 (1): 335–344. doi:10.1002/mmng.20020050121.
  6. ^ a b Makarkin, VN; Archibald, SB; Oswald, JD (2003). "New Early Eocene brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 135 (5): 637–653. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.489.5852. doi:10.4039/n02-122. S2CID 53479449.
  7. ^ Makarkin, V.; Wedmann, S.; Weiterschan, T. (2016). "A new genus of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber, with a critical review of the Cenozoic Megalomus-like taxa and remarks on the wing venation variability of the family". Zootaxa. 4179 (3): 345–370. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.2. PMID 27811679.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dlussky, G.; Rasnitsyn, A. (2002). "Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Formation Green River and some other Middle Eocene deposits of North America" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 11: 411–436.
  9. ^ a b Dlussky, G. (2002). "[Ants of the genus Dolichoderus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Baltic and Rovno ambers.]". Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 2002 (1): 54–68.
  10. ^ Nel, A. (1993). "Nouveaux Raphidioptères fossiles du Cénozoïque de France et d'Espagne". École Pratique des Hautes Études, Biologie et Évolution des Insectes. 6: 99–108.
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