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1997 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1997.

Plants

[edit]

Cycadophytes

[edit]

Cycadophyte research

[edit]

Angiosperms

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Eucommia jeffersonensis[4]

Sp nov

valid

Call & Dilcher

Late Eocene

John Day Formation

 USA

Species of Eucommia.

Eucommia rolandii[4]

Sp nov

valid

Call & Dilcher

Middle Eocene

Talahatta Formation

 USA
 Mississippi

Species of Eucommia.
Also identified from the Coldwater Beds, British Columbia

Fungi

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Archaeomarasmius[5]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Hibbett, Grimaldi, & Donoghue

Cretaceous
Turonian

New Jersey amber.

 USA

A tricholomataceous fungi

Archaeomarasmius leggetti

Protomycena[5]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Hibbett, Grimaldi, & Donoghue

Miocene
Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A mycenaceous fungi

Protomycena electra

Paleomycological research

[edit]

Arthropoda

[edit]

Insects

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Baikuris casei[7]

Sp. nov

Valid

Grimaldi, Agosti, & Carpenter

Turonian

New Jersey amber

 USA

An ant of uncertain subfamily placement.
First identified as a sphecomyrmine ant

Boyeria europaea[8]

Comb nov

valid

(Nel, Arillo, & Martínez-Delclòs)

Messinian

 France

An Aeshnid dragonfly.

Boyeria europaea

Brownimecia clavata[7]

Gen et sp. nov

Valid

Grimaldi, Agosti, & Carpenter

Turonian

New Jersey amber

 USA

A stem group ant, type species B. clavata

Brownimecia clavata

Ctenobethylus goepperti

Comb nov

valid

(Mayr, 1868)

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

 Europe

Fossil Dolichoderine ant,
moved from Liometopum goepperti
Senior synonym of Ctenobethylus succinalis

Ctenobethylus goepperti

Makarkinia adamsi[9]

Gen et comb nov

jr synonym

Martins-Neto

Aptian

Crato Formation

 Brazil

A Kalligrammatid lacewing, new genus for Panfilovia adamsi

Makarkiniinae[9]

Subfam nov

jr synonym

Martins-Neto

Aptian

Crato Formation

 Brazil

lacewing subfamily, syn of Kalligrammatidae

Plesiosaurs

[edit]

Newly Named Plesiosaurs

[edit]
Currently Valid Plesiosaur Genera Named in 1997
Name Status Authors Location Images
Augustasaurus Valid taxon
  • Sander

Rieppel Bucher

Augustasauus
Libonectes Valid taxon
Libonectes
Maresaurus Valid taxon
  • Gasparini

Archosauromorphs

[edit]

Pseudosuchians

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Country Notes Images

"Baru" huberi[10]

Sp. nov

Willis

Late Oligocene

White Hunter Site of the Riversleigh WHA

 Australia

A mekosuchine crocodilian. Although named as a species of Baru, later research considers it to be a distinct genus.

Baru wickeni[10] Sp. nov Valid Willis Late Oligocene White Hunter Site of the Riversleigh WHA  Australia A mekosuchine crocodilian. It was established based on new material from the Riversleigh as well as material previously assigned to Baru darrowi.

Mekosuchus whitehunterensis[10]

Sp. nov

Valid Willis Late Oligocene White Hunter Site of the Riversleigh WHA  Australia

A mekosuchine crocodilian. The first species of Mekosuchus to have been named from continental Australia.

Pallimnarchus gracilis[11]

Sp. nov

Valid Willis & Molnar Late Pleistocene Terrace Site of the Riversleigh WHA  Australia

A mekosuchine crocodilian and species of Pallimnarchus, described as having been more gracile than Pallimnarchus pollens. The species is valid, but now placed in the genus Paludirex.

Quinkana meboldi[10]

Sp. nov

Valid Willis Late Oligocene White Hunter Site of the Riversleigh WHA  Australia

A mekosuchine crocodilian. It was a smaller species of the genus Quinkana.

General pseudosuchian research

[edit]
  • A review of Australasian fossil crocodilians is published by Willis (1997).[12]

Pterosaurs

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Newly Named Pterosaurs

[edit]
Currently Valid Pterosaur Genera Named in 1997
Name Status Authors Location Images
Eosipterus Valid taxon
  • Ji
  • Ji
 China

Non-avian dinosauromorphs

[edit]
  • Paleontologist Karen Chin received a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 from strata dating back to the Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan, Canada. The specimen was about 17 inches (44 cm) long and contained fragments of bone. Due to its size, contents and age, the coprolite was believed to have been the remains of Tyrannosaurus rex feces. This discovery was announced in a 1998 paper published in the journal Nature.
  • A Saharan expedition under the leadership of Paul Sereno yielded fruit when a team member stumbled on the bones and skull of Nigersaurus taqueti. During this and a subsequent 1999 expedition about 80% of the animal's skeleton were discovered. Later in the year of the second expedition, a formal description of the animal was published.
  • French paleontologist Philippe Taquet reported the finding of fossilized theropod embryos preserved in Portuguese dinosaur eggs. These eggs were from the Jurassic period dating to about 140 million years ago, nearly twice as old as any previously recovered dinosaur embryos, which had only been known from about 70 million years ago in Late Cretaceous strata.
  • Psittacosaurus gastroliths documented.[13]
  • Panoplosaurus gastroliths documented.[14]

Newly named non-avian dinosauromorphs

[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[15]

Name Status Authors Location Notes Images
Archaeoceratops[16] Valid taxon
  • Azuma
 China
Archaeoceratops
Gojirasaurus
Unenlagia
Gojirasaurus[17] Valid taxon  USA( New Mexico)
Hudiesaurus[18] Valid taxon  China
Protarchaeopteryx[19] Valid taxon
  • Ji Q.
  • Ji S.
 China
Rinchenia[20] Valid taxon
Siluosaurus[21] Nomen dubium.  China
Unenlagia[22] Valid taxon
  • Novas
  • Puerta
 Argentina

Birds

[edit]

Newly named birds

[edit]
Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Aramus paludigrus [23]

Sp. nov.

Valid

D. Tab Rasmussen

Miocene

Honda Group

 Colombia

An Aramidae.

Athene angelis [24]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Michelle Salotti

Elizabeth Pereira

Yves Quinif

Jean-Yves Courtois

Jean-Noël Dubois

Jean-Claude La Milza

Middle Pleistocene

Corsica

 France:

 Corsica

A Strigidae.

Cathayornis caudatus[25]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Valanginian,

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. Originally described as a species of Cathayornis;[25] subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Houornis.[26]

Chauvireria balcanica [27]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Zlatozar N. Boev

Late Pliocene

MN 17

 Bulgaria

A Phasianidae.

Confuciusornis chuonzhous [25]

Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Lower Yixian Formation

 China

A Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995, possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995.

Confuciusornis suniae [25]

Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Lower Yixian Formation

 China

A Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995, possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995.

Cuspirostrisornis houi [25]

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Valanginian,

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cuspirostrisornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus.

Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis [28]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Robert F. Baird

Patricia Vickers Rich

Late Paleocene

Sao Jose de Itaborai

 Brazil

Described in the Cuculidae, transferred to the Gracilitarsidae Mayr, 2001 by Mayr.

Galbula hylochoreutes [23]

Sp. nov.

Valid

D. Tab Rasmussen

Miocene

La Victoria Formation

 Colombia

A Galbulidae.

Heliadornis paratethydicus [29]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jirí Mlíkovský

Late Pliocene

MN 15-16

 Slovakia

A Phaethontidae.

Largirostrornis sexdentoris [25]

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Valanginian, Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cuspirostrisornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus.

Liaoningornis longidigitris [30]

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Liaoningornithiformes L. H. Hou, 1997, Liaoningornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus.

Longchengornis sanyanensis [25]

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Valanginian,

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cuspirostrisornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pasquiaornis hardiei [31]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Tim T. Tokaryk

Stephen L. Cumbaa

John E. Storer

Early Cretaceous

Cenomanian,

Ashville Formation

 Canada:

 Saskatchewan

An Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Baptornithidae American Ornithologists’ Union, 1910, this is the type of the new genus.

Pasquiaornis tankei [31]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Tim T. Tokaryk

Stephen L. Cumbaa

John E. Storer

Early Cretaceous

Cenomanian,

Ashville Formation

 Canada:

 Saskatchewan

An Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Baptornithidae American Ornithologists’ Union, 1910.

Pleistorallus flemingi [32]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Trevor H. Worthy

Pleistocene

Wanganui Subdivision

 New Zealand

A Rallidae.

Rhynchopsitta phillipsi [33]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Amadeo M. Rea

Late Pleistocene

Cave Deposits

 Mexico

A Psittacidae.

Rupelrallus saxoniensis [34]

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Valid

Karlheinz Fischer

Middle Oligocene

MP 23-24

 Germany:

 Saxony

A Gruiformes, Parvigruidae G. Mayr, 2005.

Songlingornis linghensis [25]

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Valanginian,

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Ornithuromorphae Chiappe, Ji, Ji et Norell, 1999, Songlingornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus.

Vanellus madagascariensis [35]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven M. Goodman

Holocene

Madagascar

 Madagascar

A Charadriidae.

Urmiornis brodkorbi [36]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Aleksandr A. Karkhu

Early Miocene

Lower Tarkhanian-Burdigalian?

 Kazakhstan

An Eogruidae Wetmore, 1934, perhaps should be transferred to the genus Amphipelargus Lydekker, 1891.

Synapsids

[edit]

Eutherians

[edit]
Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images

Granastrapotherium snorki[37]

Valid

  • Johnson
  • Madden

1997

Middle Miocene

 Colombia
 Peru

An astrapotherian

Granastrapotherium

Xenastrapotherium aequatorialis[37]

Valid

  • Johnson
  • Madden

1997

Early Miocene

 Ecuador

An astrapotherian, a species of Xenastrapotherium

Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis[37]

Valid

  • Johnson
  • Madden

1997

Late Oligocene - Early Miocene

 Colombia

An astrapotherian, a species of Xenastrapotherium

Humans

[edit]
  • Genetecist Michael Hammer reported findings that demonstrate that after the initial "out of Africa" radiation of modern humans at about 100,000 years ago, some humans eventually returned to Africa between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago.

Exopaleontology

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ Hopkins, D.; Johnson, K. (1997). "First Record of cycad leaves from the Eocene Republic flora" (PDF). Washington Geology. 25 (4): 37. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  3. ^ Dillhoff, R.M.; Leopold, E.B.; Manchester, S.R. (2005). "The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relations to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 151–166. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..151D. doi:10.1139/e04-084.
  4. ^ a b Call, V.B.; Dilcher, D.L. (1997). "The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America". American Journal of Botany. 84 (6): 798–814. doi:10.2307/2445816. JSTOR 2445816. PMID 21708632. S2CID 20464075.
  5. ^ a b hibbet, D.S.; Grimaldi, D.S.; Donoghue, M.J. (1997). "Fossil mushrooms from Miocene and Cretaceous ambers and the evolution of Homobasidiomycetes". American Journal of Botany. 84 (8): 981–991. doi:10.2307/2446289. JSTOR 2446289.
  6. ^ LePage, B. A.; Currah, R. S.; Stockey, R. A.; Rothwell, G. W. (1997). "Fossil ectomycorrhizae from the middle Eocene". American Journal of Botany. 84 (3): 410–412. doi:10.2307/2446014. JSTOR 2446014. PMID 21708594. S2CID 29913925.
  7. ^ a b Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. (1997). "New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3208): 1–43.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Nel, A.; Arillo, A.; Martínez-Delclòs, X. (1996). "New fossil Odonata (Insecta) from the upper Miocene of France and Spain (Anisoptera and Zygoptera)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 199 (2): 167–219. doi:10.1127/njgpa/199/1996/167.
  9. ^ a b Bechly, G.; Makarkin, V. N. (2016). "A new gigantic lacewing species (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas". Cretaceous Research. 58: 135–140. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.014.
  10. ^ a b c d Willis, P.M.A. (1997). "New crocodilians from the late Oligocene White Hunter Site, Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 41: 423–438. ISSN 0079-8835.
  11. ^ Willis, P.M.A.; Molnar, R.E. (1997). "A review of the Plio-Pleistocene crocodilian genus Pallimnarchus" (PDF). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (117): 223–242.
  12. ^ Willis, P. M. A. (1997). "Review of fossil crocodilians from Australasia". Australian Zoologist. 30 (3): 287–298. doi:10.7882/AZ.1997.004. S2CID 84580859.
  13. ^ Xu (1997). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
  14. ^ Carpenter (1997). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
  15. ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  16. ^ Dong, Z.M. and Y. Azuma. 1997. On a primitive neoceratopsian from the Early Cretaceous. In: Sino-Japanese Slik Road Dinosaur Expedition (Z.M. Dong, ed.). China Ocean Press, Beijing: pp. 68-89.
  17. ^ Carpenter, K. 1997. A giant coelophysoid (Ceratosauria) theropod from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA. Neües Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 205 (2): pp. 189-208.
  18. ^ Dong, Z.-M. 1997. A Gigantic Sauropod (Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum gen. et. sp. nov.) from the Turpan Basin, China. In: Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition (Z.-M. Dong, ed.). China Ocean Press: pp. 102-110.
  19. ^ Ji, Q. and S. Ji. 1997. A Chinese archaeopterygian, Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov. Geological Science and Technology (Di Zhi Ke Ji) 238 (1997): pp. 38-41.
  20. ^ Barsbold, 1997 vide Osmolska, H., P.J. Currie, and B. Barsbold. 2004. Oviraptorosauria, Chapter Eight: Holtz, T. R., Jr (2004) Tyrannosauroidea; Chapter Five. In: The Dinosauria (2nd edition, D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska, eds.). California University Press: pp. 165-183.
  21. ^ Dong, Z.-M. 1997. A small ornithopod from Mazongshan area, Gansu Province, China. In: Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition (Z.-M. Dong, ed.). China Ocean Press, Beijing: pp. 24–26.
  22. ^ Novas F.E.; Puerta P.F. (1997). "New evidence concerning avian origins from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Nature. 387 (6631): 390–392. Bibcode:1997Natur.387..390N. doi:10.1038/387390a0. S2CID 4353732.
  23. ^ a b D. Tab Rasmussen (1997). "Birds". In: Kay, R.F.; Madden, R.H.; Cifelli, R.L. & Flynn, J.J., Eds. Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna of la Venta, Colombia Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.: 171–183.
  24. ^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré; Michelle Salotti; Elizabeth Pereira; Yves Quinif; Jean-Yves Courtois; Jean-Noël Dubois; Jean-Claude La Milza (1997). "Athene angelis n. sp. (Aves, Strigiformes) Nouvelle Espèce Endémique Inlaire Éreinte du Pléistocène Moyen et Supérieur de Corse (France)" (PDF). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris. 324: 677–684. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-27. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Hou Lianhai (1997). "Mesozoic Birds of China" (PDF). Natou, Taiwan: Taiwan Feng Huang Gu Bird Garden, English Translation: 1–153.
  26. ^ Min Wang; Di Liu (2015). "Taxonomical reappraisal of Cathayornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 14: 1–19. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.994087. S2CID 86665059.
  27. ^ Zlatozar N. Boev (1997). "Chauvireria balcanica Gen. N., Sp. N. (Perdicinae - Galliformes) from the Middle Villafranchian of Western Bulgaria". Geologica Balcanica. 27 (3–4): 69–78. doi:10.52321/GeolBalc.27.3-4.69. S2CID 256180034.
  28. ^ Robert F. Baird; Patricia Vickers Rich (1997). "Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis Gen. et Sp. Nov., an Early Cuckoo (Aves: Cuculidae) from the Late Paleocene of Brazil". Alcheringa. 21 (2): 123–127. doi:10.1080/03115519708619179.
  29. ^ Jirí Mlíkovský (1997). "A New Tropicbird (Aves: Phaethontidae) from the Late Miocene of Austria" (PDF). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Ser. A. 98: 151–154. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-22. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  30. ^ Hou Lianhai (1997). "A Carinate Bird from the Upper Jurassic of Western Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 42 (5): 413–417. Bibcode:1997ChSBu..42..413H. doi:10.1007/bf02884235. S2CID 129885640.[dead link]
  31. ^ a b Tim T. Tokaryk; Stephen L. Cumbaa; John E. Storer (1997). "Early Cretaceous Birds from Saskatchewan, Canada, the Oldest Avifauna Known from North-America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 17 (1): 172–176. doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010961.
  32. ^ Trevor H. Worthy (1997). "A Mid-Pleistocene Rail from New Zealand". Alcheringa. 21 (1): 71–78. doi:10.1080/03115519708619186.
  33. ^ Amadeo M. Rea (1997). "The Indeterminate Parrot of Nuevo León". In: A. R. Phillips & R. W. Dickerman (Comp.): The Era of Allan R. Phillips; A Festschrift Albuquerque, New Mexico, Horizon Communications, Robert Dickerman: 167–176.
  34. ^ Karlheinz Fischer (1997). "Neue Vogelfunde aus dem Mittleren Oligozän des Weißelsterbeckens bei Leipzig (Sachsen)". Mauritiana. 16: 271–288.
  35. ^ Steven M. Goodman (1997). "Description of a New Species of Subfossil Lapwing (Aves: Charadriiformes, Charadriidae, Vanellus) from Madagascar". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Section C. Série 4. 18 (1): 607–614.
  36. ^ Aleksandr A. Karkhu (1997). "A New Species of Urmiornis (Gruiformes: Ergilornithidae) from the Early Miocene of Western Kazakhstan". Paleontological Journal. 31: 102–107.
  37. ^ a b c Johnson, Steven C. & Madden, Richard H. 1997. Uruguaytheriinae Astrapotheres of Tropical South America. Chapter 22 in Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Edited by Richard F. Kay, Richard H. Madden, Richard L. Cifelli, and John J. Flynn. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington and London.
  • Carpenter, K. (1997) Ankylosaurs. In J.O. farlow and M.K. Brett-Surman (eds.), The complete dinosaur, pp. 307–316. Bloomington Indiana University Press.
  • Xu, X. (1997) A new psittacosaur (Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis sp. nov.) from Mazongshan area, Gansu province, China. In. Z.-M. Dong (ed.), Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition, pp. 48–67. Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Academia Sinica. Beijing: China Ocean Press.
  • Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.