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1985 in paleontology

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List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1985.

Molluscs

[edit]

Bivalves

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Oryzoconcha[2]

gen et sp nov

not valid

He & Pei

Early Cambrian

Henan province

 China

synonym of Pojetaia runnegari

Tuarangia[3]

Ord, Supfam, fam, gen et sp nov

valid

MacKinnon

late Middle Cambrian

Tasman Formation

 New Zealand

one of four accepted Cambrian bivalves

Arthropods

[edit]

Insects

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Azteca alpha[4]

Sp nov

valid

Poinar

Burdigalian

Dominican Amber

 Dominican Republic

A dolichoderine ant

Azteca alpha

Azteca eumeces[4]

Sp nov

valid

Poinar

Burdigalian

Dominican Amber

 Dominican Republic

A dolichoderine ant

Dominickus[5]

gen et sp. nov

valid

Tindale

Priabonian

Florissant Formation

 USA

A castniid butterfly-moth, monotypic

Echinoderms

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Castericystis[6]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Ubaghs & Robison

Middle Cambrian

Marjum Formation

 United States

A solutan.

Castericystis

Marjumicystis[6]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Ubaghs & Robison

Middle Cambrian

Marjum Formation

 United States

An eocrinoid.

Fish

[edit]

Newly named Cartilaginous fish

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Lissodus wirksworthensis[7]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Duffin

Early Carboniferous

Eyam Limestone

 United Kingdom

A hybodont, moved to Reesodus wirksworthensis in 2013[8]

Archosauromorphs

[edit]
  • Psittacosaurus gastroliths documented.[9]

Newly named pseudosuchians

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Postosuchus[10]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Chatterjee

CarnianNorian

Cooper Canyon Formation
Chinle Formation
Newark Supergroup

 United States

A rauisuchid.

Newly named pterosaurs

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Anhanguera

Gen et sp

Valid

Campos & Kellner

Aptian

Crato Formation

 Brazil

A pterodactyloid belonging to Anhangueridae.

Anhanguera santanae

"Palaeolimnornis"[11]

Gen et sp nov

Nomen nudum

Jurcsák & Kessler

Early Cretaceous

Bauxite mine

 Romania

An informal name applied to Palaeocursornis. An azhdarchoid pterosaur.[12]

Newly named non-avian dinosaurs

[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[13]

Name Status Authors Location Notes Images
Abelisaurus[14] Valid taxon
  • Novas
A short-handed Flesh-eating Dinosaur.
Abelisaurus
"Aliwalia"[15]

Junior synonym.

Junior subjective synonym of Eucnemosaurus.

Blikanasaurus[16] Valid taxon
  • van Heerden
Camelotia[17] Valid taxon A British Melanorosaur.
Camelotia
Carnotaurus[18] Valid taxon An Abelisaurid. The Horned Cheetah of the Cretaceous.
Carnotaurus
"Dachungosaurus"[19]

Nomen nudum.

  • Zhao X. (as Chao S.)
"Dystylosaurus"[20]

Junior synonym.

Junior synonym of Supersaurus.

Gasosaurus[21] Valid taxon
Gasosaurus
"Mifunesaurus"

Nomen nudum

  • Hisa
"Moshisaurus"

Nomen nudum.

  • Hisa
"Oshanosaurus"[19]

Nomen nudum.

  • Zhao X. (as Chao S.)
"Sanchusaurus"

Nomen nudum

  • Hisa
Supersaurus[20] Valid taxon
Supersaurus
"Ultrasaurus"[20]

Preoccupied name.

Preoccupied by Kim H. M., 1983 and renamed Ultrasauros.

"Xuanhuasaurus"[19]

Nomen nudum.

  • Zhao X. (as Chao S.)

Later renamed Xuanhuaceratops in 2006

Literature on fossil birds

[edit]
  • Storrs Olson: the fossil record of birds [22]

Newly named birds

[edit]
Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Aegialornis szarskii [23]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dieter S. Peters

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany

An Aegialornithidae

Amphipelargus dzabghanensis [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Late Miocene-Pliocene

Chono-Harayah

 Mongolia

A Gruiformes, Eogruidae

Anas molesta [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Late Miocene

Hyargas Nuur 2

 Mongolia

An Anatidae, transferred to the genus Aythya by Nikita V. Zelenkov [25]

Anas schneideri [26]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pleistocene

 USA

An Anatidae.

Anser tchikoicus [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Pliocene

 Mongolia

An Anatidae.

Anthus seductus [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Early Pliocene

 Mongolia

A Motacillidae.

Avisaurus archibaldi [27]

Valid

Gen et Sp. nov.

Michael K. Brett-Surman

Gregory S. Paul

Maastrichtian

Hell Creek Formation

 USA ( Montana and  North Dakota)

An Enantiornithes, Avisauridae Brett-Surman & Paul, 1985 this is the type species of the new genus.

Aythya magna [24]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Early Pliocene

Hyargas Nuur Formation

 Mongolia

An Anatidae.

Aythya shihuibas [28]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Hou Lianhai

Late Miocene

 China

An Anatidae, Nikita V. Zelenkov, 2012 transferred the species to his genus Protomelanitta Zelenkov, 2011.[29]

Bonibernicla ponderosa [24]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Late Miocene

Hyargas Nuur Formation

 Mongolia
 USA

An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Brasilogyps faustoi [30]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga

Early Oligocene

Taubate

 Brazil

A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Centropus colossus [31]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Robert F. Baird

Quaternary

Green Waterhole Cave

 Australia

A Cuculiformes, Centropodidae.

Colius hendeyi [32]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Patricia Vickers Rich

Philippa J. Haarhoff

Early Pliocene

Varswater Formation

 South Africa

A Coliidae.

Corvus solitus [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Late Pliocene

 Mongolia

A Corvidae.

Diangallus mious [28]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Hou Lianhai

Late Miocene

 China

A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Egretta subfluvia [33]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jonathan J. Becker

Late Miocene

Early Hemphillian

 USA:

 Florida

An Ardeidae.

Eudromia olsoni [34]

Valid

Nom. nov.

Claudia P. Tambussi

Eduardo P. Tonni

Late Pliocene

Monte Hermoso Formation

 Argentina

A Tinamidae, new name for the preoccupied Tinamisornis intermedius Dabbene et Lillo, 1913 = Eudromia elegans intermedia (Dabbene et Lillo, 1913).

Geronticus apelex [35]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Early Pliocene

Varswater Formation

 South Africa

A Threskiornithidae.

Grus afghana [36]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Jean-Christophe Balouet

Yves Jehenne

Émile Heintz

Late Miocene

MN 12

 Afghanistan

A Gruidae.

Haliaeetus fortis [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Late Miocene

MN 13,

Hyargas-Nuur 2

 Mongolia

An Accipitridae.

Heliadornis ashbyi [37]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Middle Miocene

Langhian,

Calvert Formation

 USA
 Belgium
 Antwerp

A Phaethontidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Limosa lacrimosa [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Late Pliocene

 Mongolia

A Scolopacidae.

“Lophura” inferna [24]

Not Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene

Shaamar

 Mongolia

A Phasianidae, not a Lophura, the holotype is not diagnostic to genus.[citation needed]

Melopyrrha latirostris [38]

Valid

Sp. nov.

David W. Steadman

Gary S. Morgan

Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene

Cayman Brac cave deposits

 Cayman Islands

A Thraupidae.

Oceanites zaloscarthmus [39]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Early Pliocene

Varswater Formation

 South Africa

An Oceanitidae.

Oenanthe infima [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Late Pliocene

Sharga

 Mongolia

A Muscicapidae.

Orthonyx hypsilophus [31]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Robert F. Baird

Quaternary

Green Waterhole Cave

 Australia

An Orthonychidae.

Pachyptila salax [39]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Early Pliocene

Varswater Formation

 South Africa

A Procellariidae.

Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensis [40]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga

Itaboraian

 Brazil

A Gruiformes, Phorusrhacidae Ameghino, 1889, Psilopterinae Mathilde Dolgopol de Sáez, 1927, this is the type species of the new genus.

Palaeotodus escampsiensis [41]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Late Eocene

Phosphorites du Quercy,

Escamps

 France

A Todidae.

Palaeotodus itardiensis [41]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Oligocene

Phosphorites du Quercy

 France

A Todidae.

Pandion lovensis [42]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jonathan J. Becker

Latest Clarendonian

 USA

A Pandionidae.

Pelecanoides cymatotrypetes [39]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Early Pliocene

Varswater Formation

 South Africa

A Pelecanoididae.

Perdix margaritae [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Late Pliocene

Chikoi River

 Soviet Union:

 Russia

A Phasianidae.

Phalaropus eleonorae [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Late Pliocene

 Mongolia

A Phalaropidae.

Phasianus lufengia [28]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Hou Lianhai

Late Miocene

Shihuiba

 China

A Phasianidae.

Podiceps solidus [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Late Miocene;

Early Pliocene

Hyargas-Nuur 2:

MN 13;
Chono-Harayah 1 and 2
Zogsoo-Harhan 1 and 4

 Mongolia

A Podicipedidae.

Pseudodontornis tenuirostris [43]

Valid ?

Sp. nov.

Colin J. O. Harrison

Late Paleocene

Oldhaven Beds

 UK:

 England

A Pseudontornithidae, possibly a synonymym of Pseudodontornis longidentata[citation needed]

Siphonorhis daiquiri[44]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Quaternary, probably Holocene

Cave deposits

 Cuba

A Caprimulgidae, may still be living.

Syrmaticus kozlovae [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Late Pliocene

Khirgis Nur Formation

 Mongolia

A Phasianidae.

Syrrhaptes kashini [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Miocene-Late Pliocene

 Mongolia

A Pteroclidae.

Tadorna petrina [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Late Pliocene

 Mongolia

An Anatidae.

Yunnanus gaoyuansis [28]

Valid

Gen et Sp nov.

Hou Lianhai

Late Miocene

Shihuiba

 China

A Passeriformes, family Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

Lepidosauromorphs

[edit]

Newly named pleosiosaurs

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Yuzhoupliosaurus

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Zhang

Middle Jurassic

 China

A rhomaleosauride

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. S2CID 49380913. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  3. ^ MacKinnon, D.I. (1982). "Tuarangia paparua n. gen. and n. sp. A late Middle Cambrian bivalve from New Zealand". Journal of Paleontology. 56 (3): 589–598. JSTOR 1304393.
  4. ^ a b Wilson, E.O. (1985). "Ants of the Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 3. The subfamily Dolichoderinae". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 92: 17–37. doi:10.1155/1985/20969.
  5. ^ Tindale, N. B. (1985). "A butterfly-moth (Lepidoptera:Castniidae) form the Oligocene shales of Florissant, Colorado" (PDF). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. 24 (1): 31–40. doi:10.5962/p.266764. S2CID 109301568.
  6. ^ a b Ubaghs, Georges; Robison, R. A. (1985-09-12). "A homoiostelean and a new eocrinoid from the Middle Cambrian of Utah". University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. 115: 1–24.
  7. ^ Duffin, C. (1985). "Revision of the hybodont selachian genus Lissodus BROUGH (1935)". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. S2CID 233061921.
  8. ^ Koot, Martha B.; Cuny, Gilles; Tintori, Andrea; Twitchett, Richard J. (2013-03-13). "A new diverse shark fauna from the Wordian (Middle Permian) Khuff Formation in the interior Haushi-Huqf area, Sultanate of Oman: CHONDRICHTHYANS FROM THE WORDIAN KHUFF FORMATION OF OMAN". Palaeontology. 56 (2): 303–343. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01199.x. S2CID 86428264.
  9. ^ Bird (1985). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
  10. ^ Chatterjee, Sankar (1985). "Postosuchus, a new Thecodontian reptile from the Triassic of Texas and the origin of Tyrannosaurs". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 309 (1139): 395–460. doi:10.1098/rstb.1985.0092.
  11. ^ Jurcsak, T. and E. Kessler. 1985. La paleofaune de Comet- implications phylogenetiques et ecologiques. Evolution et Adaptation 11: pp. 137-147.
  12. ^ Federico L. Agnolin and David Varricchio (2012). "Systematic reinterpretation of Piksi barbarulna Varricchio, 2002 from the Two Medicine Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Western USA (Montana) as a pterosaur rather than a bird". Geodiversitas 34 (4): 883–894. doi:10.5252/g2012n4a10.
  13. ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  14. ^ Bonaparte, J.F. and F.E. Novas. 1985. Abelisaurus comahuensis, ng, n. sp., Carnosauria from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Ameghiniana 21: pp. 259-265.
  15. ^ Galton, P.M. 1985. The poposaurid thecodontian Teratosaurus suevicus v. Meyer, plus referred specimens mostly based on prosauropod dinosaurs, from the Middle Stubensandstein (Upper Triassic) of Nordwurttenburg. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. (ser. B) 116: pp. 1-29.
  16. ^ Galton, P.M. and Heerden, J. 1985. Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. and n. sp. representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of South Africa. Geobios 18: pp. 509-516.
  17. ^ Galton, P. M. 1985. Notes on the Melanorosauridae, a family of large prosauropod dinosaurs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha). Geobios 19: pp. 671-676.
  18. ^ Bonaparte, J.E. 1985. A horned Cretaceous Carnosaur from Patagonia. Natl. Geogr. Res. Winter: pp. 149-152.
  19. ^ a b c Chao Shichin. 1985. The reptilian fauna of the Jurassic in China. In: The Jurassic System of China (Wang S., Z. Cheng, and N. Wang, eds.). Geological Publishing House, Beijing: pp. 286-289, 347, pl. 10, 11 [in Chinese].
  20. ^ a b c Jensen, J.A. 1985. Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Great Basin Nat. 45 (4): pp. 679-709.
  21. ^ Dong, Z. and Z. Tang. 1985. Note on the mid Jurassic carnosaur (Gasosaurus constructus gen. et sp. nov.) from Suchuan Basin. China. Vertebrate Palasiatica 23 (1): pp. 77-83.
  22. ^ Storrs L. Olson (1985). "The Fossil Record of Birds" (PDF). In Farner, D.S.; King, J.R.; Parkes, K.C. (eds.). Avian Biology. Vol. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 79–252.
  23. ^ Dieter S. Peters (1985). "Ein Neuer Segler aus der Grube Messel und seine Bedeutung für den Status der Aegialornithidae (Aves: Apodiformes)". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 66 (1–2): 143–164.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Evgeny N. Kurochkin (1985). "[Birds of Central Asia in the Pliocene] [in Russian]". Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Expedition. 26: 1–120.
  25. ^ Nikita V. Zelenkov (1985). "Neogene Geese and Ducks (Aves: Anatidae) from Localities of the Great Lakes Depression, Western Mongolia". Paleontological Journal. 46 (6): 607–619.
  26. ^ Steven D. Emslie (1985). "A New Species of Teal from the Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Wyoming" (PDF). Auk. 102 (1): 201–205. doi:10.2307/4086849. JSTOR 4086849.
  27. ^ Michael K. Brett-Surman; Gregory S. Paul (1985). "A New Family of Bird-Like Dinosaurs Linking Laurasia and Gondwanaland" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 5 (2): 133–138. doi:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011851.
  28. ^ a b c d Hou Lianhai (1985). "Yúnnán Lùfēng wǎn zhōngxīnshì niǎolèi" 云南禄丰晚中新世鸟类 [Upper Miocene Birds from Lufeng, Yunnan]. Rénlèixué xuébào / Acta Anthropologica Sinica (in Chinese). 4 (2): 118–126.
  29. ^ Nikita V. Zelenkov (2012). "A New Duck from the Middle Miocene of Mongolia with Comments on Miocene Evolution of Ducks". Paleontological Journal. 46 (5): 520–530. doi:10.1134/s0031030112050139. S2CID 86178199.
  30. ^ Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1985). "Notas Sobre Os Cathartidae (Aves) e Descrição de um Novo Gênero do Cenozóico Brasileiro". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 57: 349–357.
  31. ^ a b Robert F. Baird (1985). "Avian Fossils from Quaternary Deposits on 'Green Waterhole Cave', Southeastern South Australia" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 37 (6): 353–370. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.37.1985.332.
  32. ^ Patricia Vickers Rich; Philippa J. Haarhoff (1985). "Early Pliocene Coliidae (Aves, Coliiformes) from Langebaanweg, South Africa". Ostrich. 56 (1–3): 20–41. doi:10.1080/00306525.1985.9639567.
  33. ^ Jonathan J. Becker (1985). "Fossil Herons (Aves: Ardeidae) of the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene of Florida". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 5 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011844.
  34. ^ Claudia P. Tambussi; Eduardo P. Tonni (1985). "Un Tinamidae (Aves: Tinamiformes) del Mioceno Tardío de la Pampa (República Argentina) y Comentarios Sobre los Tinamidae Fósiles Argentinos". Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. 14: 4.
  35. ^ Storrs L. Olson (1985). "Early Pliocene Ibises (Aves, Plataleidae) from South-Western Cape Province, South Africa" (PDF). Annals of the South African Museum. 97 (3): 57–69. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-03.
  36. ^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré; Jean-Christophe Balouet; Yves Jehenne; Émile Heintz (1985). "Un Nouvelle Espèce de Grue, Grus afghana (Aves, Gruiformes) du Miocène Supérieur de Molayan, Afghanistan". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C. Series 4. 7: 179–187.
  37. ^ Storrs L. Olson (1985). "A New Genus of Tropicbird (Pelecaniformes: Phaetontidae) from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Maryland" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (4): 851–855. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-16. Retrieved 2014-08-28.
  38. ^ David W. Steadman; Gary S. Morgan (1985). "A New Species of Bullfinch (Aves: Emberizinae) from a Late Quaternary Cave Deposit on Cayman Brac, West Indies" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (3): 544–553. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
  39. ^ a b c Storrs L. Olson (1985). "Early Pliocene Procellariiformes (Aves) from Langebaanweg, South-Western Cape Province, South Africa" (PDF). Annals of the South African Museum. 95 (3): 123–145.
  40. ^ Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1985). "Um Novo Psilopteridae (Aves: Gruiformes) dos Sedimentos Terciários de Itaboraí, Estado Rio de Janeiro, Brasil". VIII Congresso Brasileiro da Paleontologia, 1983, Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia/Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Séria Geologia 27, Paleontologia/Estratigrafia 2: 17-20. NME-DNPM Série Geologia 27 Paleontolgia Estratigraphiá. 2: 17–20.
  41. ^ a b Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1985). "Les Todidae (Aves: Coraciiformes) des Phosphorites du Quercy (France)". Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen B. 88: 407–414.
  42. ^ Jonathan J. Becker (1985). "Pandion lovensis, A New Species of Osprey from the Late Miocene of Florida" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (2): 314–320. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
  43. ^ Colin J. O. Harrison (1985). "A Bony-Toothed Bird (Odontopterygiformes) from the Palaeocene of England". Tertiary Research. 7 (1): 23–25.
  44. ^ Storrs L. Olson (1985). "A New Species of Siphonorhis from Quaternary Cave Deposits in Cuba (Aves: Caprimulgidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (2): 526–532. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
  • Bird, R.T. (1985) Bones for Barnum Brown (V.T. Schreiber, Ed.), Texas Christian Univ. Press. Fort Worth, TX. 225 pp.
  • Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.