PowerBI Training

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Training
Power BI Beginners learner guide
August 2023

Learning Objectives
1. Overview of PowerBI
2. Connecting to data Sources
○ Extract data from CSV and Excel (xlsx)
○ Transform data using Power Query
○ Extend knowledge of Power Query tools
3. Modelling the Data- Relationships
○ Build data table model relationships
4. Dax functions in Power BI
○ Transform data using DAX formula
○ Measures and Columns
5. Creating Visualizations
○ Building Basic Visuals
○ Dynamic Page navigation
Understand the basics of Power BI, including the different
components of the tool and how they work together:

Overview of PowerBI
Power BI is a Business Intelligence tool developed by Microsoft. It helps you interactively visualize your
data and make intelligence-based business decisions as a result.
Key features of Power BI:
• Quick set up comparative to traditional BI
• Interactive visualizations
• Supports different data sources (Microsoft or otherwise)
• The ability to publish to web (app.powerbi.com)
• Cloud-based, no on-premise infrastructure needed
• Scalable
• Accessibility - view the dashboards/reports on iPad, iPhone,
Android, and Windows
devices Scheduled data refresh

Training Resources data files
For this Beginners training course in Power BI, we will base the learning
activities on several data files. Please create a new folder on your desktop
and download the data files in their current format (csv or xlsx):
1. Data file: data set > link
Microsoft Power BI Desktop is built for the analyst. It combines
state-of-the-art interactive visualizations, with industry-leading data query and
modeling built-in. Create and publish your reports to Power BI. Power BI
Desktop helps you empower others with timely critical insights, anytime,
anywhere.
To download use this link click download and select the option that is
compatible with your system.

Exploring the data files
Tables Description
DimCustomer Master data for customers
DimDate Master data for Date
DimProduct Master data for Products
DimProductCategory Master data for Product Categories
DimProductSubCategory Master data for Product Subcategories
FactinternetSales Transactional Data for all sales
Note: All the Sales level data rolls up to the customer data rows per transaction.
Data 1: Customer’s sales orders

Connecting to Data Sources
This process is followed at the start of a new project, to import the data that you’ll be working with, and at
any point in the future when you need to add new data to the project.
Open PowerBI from your local system • When you launch Power BI Desktop, a welcome splash screen
is displayed.
• To connect to the sample data for this exercise, select Get
Data on the left-hand
menu of the splash screen or from the home ribbon.

Connecting To Data Sources
• You can connect to the data source from that screen, and you can go to the
PowerBI environment.
• On the environment, you can get from the 4 sources on your page or click
on Get Data as shown below for more options.
• Select Text/CSV from the list and click Connect.
• Browse to the unzipped data files you saved in step 3.2, select the
first file DimCustomer.csv, and click Open

Connecting To Data Sources
• When you click Open, the below window appears, displaying sample data
from the selected file.
• Repeat the same process and load all other sample files (DimDate,
FactInternetSales, DimProduct, DimProductCategory, and
DimProductSubCategory).
Note that you will have to load these one at a time.
• At this point it would be useful to Save the Power BI Desktop
model.
The data has now been loaded into the Power BI model and you
have a blank canvas to start working with
Above, you can see the options Load and Transform Data. For now, click Load to
import the data directly into Power BI. This imports the data as it is, and loads it
into Power BI Desktop.

Interface Of Query Editor
• Query Editor consists of 4 Parts
1.Query Ribbon
2.Left Pane
3.Center (Data) Pane
4.Query Settings
The Ribbon in Query Editor consists of four tabs
• Home
• Transform
• Add Column
• View
Home Tab: The Home tab contains the common query tasks, including the first
step in any query, which is Get Data.
Transform: The Transform tab provides access to common data transformation
tasks, such as adding or removing columns, changing data types, splitting
columns, and other data-driven tasks.
Add Column: This tab provides additional tasks associated with adding a
column, formatting column data, and adding custom columns. The following
image shows the Add Column tab.

The PowerBI Desktop Application Interface
1. The left menu is used to switch
between, Report Design, Data
Transformations and Data
Modelling (creating relationships
within your data).
2. The Report Canvas is for Visual
Design and Layout.
3. The Application ribbons contain
all options and settings, visual or
page level properties, and another
settings configuration.
4. The report building panes contain
all the components that may be
added to a
report. You can:
a. Select fields and data from
imported tables on the Data
pane.
b. Select different ways to
display this data from the
Visualizations pane.
c. Apply filtering to the data in
the Filters pane.
Report Design,
Data Transformation and
Data Modeling Views
Report Canvas
Application Ribbons
Data Pane
Visualization
Pane
Page Tabs
Filter Pane

3. Modelling Data
Relationship

Creating Relationships
Once the required data is loaded, there may be a need to use Power Query
Editor to shape the data by removing unnecessary columns, changing data
types, adding new calculated columns, and so on. Power Query Editor is not
covered further in this document.
Power BI Desktop makes creating
relationships easy through an Auto
Detect feature. When the data is
loaded, Power BI Desktop will
attempt to find and create
relationships for you based on
column names in the tables. If there
are matching column names, these
relationships are created
automatically
• Select the Data Modeling view, as indicated below
It is worth noting the following details about relationships:
1. Relationship: The line between two tables represents that a relationship
exists.
2. Direction: The arrow indicates which direction filtering will occur. In this
example: If DimProduct is filtered on a particular value, FactInternetSales
will also be filtered to only show records related to the selected value.
3. “One” side: The 1 indicates that the relationship works off a single unique
record on the DimProduct table.
4. “Many” side: The * indicates that the relationship links to many records
on the FactInternetSales table

Creating Relationships
As not all relationships have been auto detected, we will need create the
rest of them manually.
The next section explains how we will do this.
• Select New…
• Select DimProduct from the first dropdown box
• Highlight the column ProductSubCategoryKey
• Select DimProductSubCateogory from the
second dropdown box
• Highlight the column ProductSubCategoryKey
• Select Modeling from the top menu. Then select Manage Relationships
• Ensure the Cardinality is set to Many to One (*:1), Cross filter
direction is set to single and “Make this relationship active” is ticked.
• Click Ok
• Click Close to save the relationships.
• Save the model

Data Analytics Expression
What is DAX?
DAX is the abbreviated form of Data Analytics Expressions (DAX). It means
that it is a type of formulae or expressions that are used for the analysis
and calculations of data in Power Query and Power BI. The combination or
collection of different expressions such as constants, operators, and
functions form a formula to give results or output. Power BI DAX helps in
finding more detailed information from raw data.
How does DAX work?
• There are three fundamental concepts for Power BI DAX: Syntax, Context,
and Functions.
Syntax
The Syntax comprises various components that make up a formula and how it’s
written. Look at this simple DAX formula
When is DAX used?
When a new column calculation is needed
When you create a data model on the Power BI Desktop, you can extend a
table by creating new columns. The content of the columns is defined by a
DAX expression, evaluated row by row or in the context of the current row
across that table.
Measures
There is another way of defining calculations in a DAX model, useful if you
need to operate on aggregate values instead of on a row-by-row basis. These
calculations are called measures. One of the requirements of DAX is that a
measure needs to be defined in a table. However, the measure does not
really belong to the table. So, you can move a measure from one table to
another one without losing its functionality. Measure, unlike Columns exist in
the filter context of the data.
Note
A column takes up physical space in your Power BI model, whereas a measure
is calculated and thus only evaluated when needed.
I. Total Sales is the measure name.
II. The equals sign operator (=) indicates the beginning of the formula.
III. SUM adds up all the numbers in the column, Sales[SalesAmount].
IV. There are these parentheses () that surround an expression
containing one or more arguments.
All functions require at least one argument.
V. Sales is the table referenced.
VI. An argument passes a value to a function. The referenced column
[SalesAmount] is an argument
with which the SUM function knows the column on which it has to
aggregate a SUM.

Functions.
Functions are predefined, structured and ordered formulae. They perform
calculations using arguments passed on to them. These arguments can be
numbers, text, logical values or other functions.
Aggregate Functions
MIN(<Column>), MAX(<Column>), SUM(<Column>), AVERAGE(<Column>)
COUNT Functions
DISTINCTCOUNT(<Column>), COUNT(<Column>), COUNTA(<Column>),
COUNTROWS(<Column>), COUNTBLANK(<Column>),
DATE-TIME Functions
DATE(<Year>,<month>,<day>),
HOUR(<Column>),TODAY(),EOMONTH(<Start_date>,<months>),Calendar(<StartD
ate>,<EndDate>)
Naming convention

DAX functions and operators that can be combined to build formulas and
expressions in a more effective way.
Remember: DAX formulas always start with an equal sign (=). You can
provide any expression that evaluates to a scalar, or an expression that can
be converted to a scalar after the equals sign.
Month To Date Sales
• Month-to-date (MTD): a period starting at the beginning of the current
calendar month and ending at the current date.
• Month-to-date is used in various contexts, typically for recording results of an
activity in the time between a date (exclusive since this day may not yet be
"complete") and the beginning of the current month.
• Example: If today is the 15th of the month, and your manager asks you for
the month to date sales figures, you will want to add your sales from the 1st of
the month up to the 14th (as the 15th is not complete yet).

Adding a Time Intelligence Quick Measure
DAX functions and operators that can be combined to build formulas and
expressions in a more effective way.
Month To Date Sales
• Month-to-date (MTD): a period starting at the beginning of the current
calendar month and ending at the current date.
• Month-to-date is used in various contexts, typically for recording results of an
activity in the time between a date (exclusive since this day may not yet be
"complete") and the beginning of the current month.
• Example: If today is the 15th of the month, and your manager asks you for
the month to date sales figures, you will want to add your sales from the 1st of
the month up to the 14th (as the 15th is not complete yet).

Principles of report design
Layout
● Alignment
● Order
● Proximity
● Space
● Sorting
● No clutter
Clarity
● Someone without prior knowledge
can understand the report without
any explanation
● Focus on most important element
● Change ‘left-right and top-down’ by
adding cues like labels, shapes,
borders, size, and colour
Aesthetics
● Meet a business need
● Some ‘beauty’ is required -
emotions kick in first!
● Create a theme or look
● Support, don’t detract
● Apply best practices

Resources
Simplilearn:https://www.simplil
earn.com/power-bi-interview-quest
ions-and-answers-article
Guru99:https://www.guru99.com/
power-bi-interview-questions.html
Edureka:
https://www.edureka.co/blog/intervi
ew-questions/power-bi-interview-q
uestions/
Powerbidocs:
https://powerbidocs.com/interview-
questions-and-answers/
Questions and answers
Continuous practice helps you develop your PowerBI skills and preparation is key for your Data analytics position.
Find below some PowerBI resources for your use
Training resources
Microsoft Learn:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power
-bi/create-reports/sample-datasets
Online courses
Data Analyst Boot Camp:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=rGx1QNdYzvs&list=PLUaB-1hjhk
8FE_XZ87vPPSfHqb6OcM0cF
Datacamp: Link
Microsoft Learn: Link
Learnit:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=e6QD8lP-m6E

Guide to Chart Selection
Source: https://www.sqlbi.com/wp-content/uploads/visuals-reference-sep2018-A3.pdf

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