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Presentation used by Lucas Jellema and Marco Gralike during the AMIS Oracle Database 12c Launch event on Monday the 15th of July 2013 (much thanks to Tom Kyte, Oracle, for being allowed to use some of his material)
M.
Oracle Database 12c introduces several new features including pluggable databases (PDB) that allow multiple isolated databases to be consolidated within a single container database (CDB). It also introduces new administrative privileges (SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, SYSKM) and features such as transparent data encryption, invisible columns, object tables, and enhancements to RMAN and SQL.
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Watch the full webinar at: http://embt.co/1pb4Zb4
This presentation is a must-see for anyone interested in Oracle 12! Dan is an Oracle ACE Director and has assembled this presentation with fresh and inside information from Oracle Corp and OOW13. Dan has pulled his top Oracle 12 features from the plethora of new features available and documented in his user group presentations "Oracle 12c New Features for Developers" and "Oracle 12c New Features for DBA's".
Top 10 features will include:
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Pluggable Database
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This document profiles an Oracle DBA with over 18 years of experience. It lists their work experience including being Vice President of an Oracle user group in Guatemala since 2014 and a member of various Oracle communities. It also references a blog they co-wrote with an Oracle Ace from Argentina. The rest of the document discusses performance tuning concepts and strategies including analyzing response times, throughput indicators, and using metrics like average, variance, and dispersion to understand predictability. It provides examples of using Oracle tools to collect job and query timings and demonstrates analyzing backups and elapsed times. The goal is to identify the slowest or least predictable processes or queries for further optimization.
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This document provides interview questions for an experienced 3+ year Oracle DBA divided into 5 sections with increasing difficulty. The sections cover basic Oracle knowledge, moderate daily tasks, advanced topics, RAC-specific questions, and very specialized questions. Example questions address topics like Oracle documentation resources, database startup/shutdown modes, data dictionary views, and RAC components. Separate documents further describe common DBA tasks and default Oracle passwords.
Oracle Architecture document discusses:
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This document provides an overview of SQL tuning concepts and tools in Oracle Database. It discusses the differences between database tuning and SQL tuning. It also covers diagnostic tools like SQL Trace, ASH, EXPLAIN PLAN, AUTOTRACE, and SQL Developer. Active monitoring tools like AWR, SQL Monitor and reactive tools like SQL Diagnostic Tool and SQLD360 are also mentioned. Additional topics include full table scans, adaptive features, statistics, hints, pending statistics, restoring statistics history, and invisible indexes.
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This document discusses new features in SQL Server including MERGE statements, table valued parameters, grouping sets, and FILESTREAM storage. MERGE statements allow inserting, updating, and deleting data in one statement based on matching or non-matching rows between two tables. Table valued parameters allow passing tables of data as parameters to stored procedures. Grouping sets enable grouping data by multiple columns in a single query. FILESTREAM storage integrates the database engine with the file system to allow storing large binary objects on disk for improved performance.
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Oracle SQL Tuning 101 provides an overview of SQL tuning concepts and tools in Oracle Database. It discusses database tuning versus SQL tuning, proactive versus reactive tuning approaches, tools for SQL tracing and monitoring like SQL Trace, ASH, Autotrace, and SQL Monitor. The document also covers topics like full table scans, adaptive optimization features, pending statistics, and restoring or exporting statistics.
Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman presented a comparison of indexing in Oracle and SQL Server databases. They loaded test data into indexes in each platform, altered the fill factor/pctfree settings, and measured performance of data loads, updates, deletes and index storage. SQL Server exhibited page splits when indexes became fragmented, while Oracle showed leaf block splits. Rebuilding indexes with high pctfree in Oracle had significantly worse performance than rebuilding with lower fillfactor in SQL Server. Overall, Oracle generally outperformed SQL Server for indexing and was less prone to fragmentation issues.
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This document summarizes a presentation on DBA commands and concepts that every developer should know. The presentation covers topics such as parallel processing, explain plans, flashback queries, pending statistics, virtual columns, and online table redefinition. It demonstrates several commands and concepts to help developers better understand database administration tasks.
DBA Brasil 1.0 - DBA Commands and Concepts That Every Developer Should KnowAlex Zaballa
This document summarizes a presentation on DBA commands and concepts that every developer should know. The presentation covers topics such as:
- Using SQLcl and DBMS_XPLAN to analyze query performance
- Leveraging parallelism to improve query performance
- Using Flashback Query and Flashback Table to view and recover past data
- Performing table recovery with RMAN
- Managing database schemas and statistics
- Implementing security with Virtual Private Database
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This document provides an overview of new features in SQL Server 2005, including SQLCLR which allows writing functions, procedures and triggers in .NET languages. It discusses how to install and debug SQLCLR assemblies, and create user-defined data types and aggregates that can extend the functionality of SQL Server. Key enhancements to T-SQL are also summarized, such as common table expressions, ranking commands, and exception handling.
This document discusses SQLcl, a command line interface similar to SQL*Plus but built in Java. It summarizes key features of SQLcl including how to install it, command line editing capabilities, formatting query output, defining aliases for SQL and PL/SQL, and calling PL/SQL functions from SQL queries more efficiently in Oracle 12c and beyond by defining functions using subquery factoring or the PRAGMA UDF.
This is one of the 15 minute "TED" style talk presented as part of the Database Symposium at the ODTUG Kscope18 conference. In this presentation @SQLMaria shares details on 4 useful supplied PL/SQL package with the Oracle Database
By using specially crafted parameters in double quotes, it is possible to bypass the input validation of the Oracle dbms_assert package and inject SQL code. This allows dozens of already patched Oracle vulnerabilities to be exploited again across versions 8.1.7.4 to 10.2.0.2. The researcher notified Oracle of the problem in April 2006. To mitigate risks, privileges like CREATE PROCEDURE should be revoked to prevent injection of malicious functions or procedures.
Tony Jambu (obscure) tools of the trade for tuning oracle sq lsInSync Conference
This document provides an overview of various tools that can be used for tuning Oracle SQL statements. It discusses tuning methodology, generating explain plans and traces, and tools like SQL*Plus autotrace, DBMS_XPLAN, TRCA trace analyzer, and SQLTXPLAIN. Demo examples are provided for many of the tools to analyze SQL performance.
Exploring plsql new features best practices september 2013Andrejs Vorobjovs
The document discusses exploring new features and best practices in PL/SQL for better performance. It covers topics like parsing time, bulk binding, PL/SQL function result cache, subprogram inlining, finer grained dependencies, and new features in Oracle Database 12c. The presentation provides an overview of Oracle SQL Developer and guidelines for writing efficient and readable PL/SQL code.
OTN TOUR 2016 - DBA Commands and Concepts That Every Developer Should KnowAlex Zaballa
The document provides an overview of DBA commands and concepts that every developer should know. It includes sections on availability of Oracle Database 12c, parallel queries, row chaining and migration, explain plans, Oracle Flashback Query and Table, schema management, rollbacks, pending statistics, bulk processing vs row-by-row, Virtual Private Database, extended data types, SQL text expansion, identity columns, and virtual columns. The presentation aims to help developers better understand database administration tasks and functionality.
This document provides an overview of some of the key differences between SQL Server and Oracle databases. It discusses differences in syntax for common SQL statements like joins, subqueries, deletes and data types. It also covers conceptual differences like the connect concept in Oracle and powerful new features in Oracle like regular expressions. The document is intended as a light introduction for SQL Server users moving to Oracle.
This document provides an overview of some of the key differences between SQL Server and Oracle databases. It discusses differences in syntax for common SQL statements like joins, subqueries, deletes and inserts. It also covers conceptual differences like the database/schema structure and data types. The document provides examples to illustrate equivalent syntax between the two database platforms.
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3. Worked for 7 years in Brazil as an Oracle Developer.
2000 - 2007
Worked for 8 years in Angola as an Oracle DBA
for the Ministry of Finance.
2007 - 2015
9. “With more than 500 new features, Oracle
Database 12c is designed to give Oracle
customers exactly what they’ve told us they
need for cloud computing, big data, security,
and availability.”
10. Oracle Announces Beta Availability of Oracle Database 12c Release 2 - Oct 26,
2015
• PLUGGABLE DATABASES
From 252 to 4096
• HOT CLONING
Don’t need to put the source in read-only for cloning
• SHARDING
It’s like partitioning in a shared nothing database
The data is split into multiple databases
• In-Memory
In-Memory column Store on Active Data Guard
Heat Map
• APPLICATION CONTAINER
Pluggable Databases will share application objects
• More isolation, resource manager will limit the memory in addition to CPU and I/O.
• AWR will work on Active Data Guard Database: you can tune your reporting database
11. Availability of Oracle Database 12.2
Source: https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/oracle_database_12_2_just
14. JSON
OTN Article by Alex Zaballa
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/pt/articles
/sql/json-oracle-database-12c-2378776-
ptb.html
15. JSON
• Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 has now native
support for JSON.
• “JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a
lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy
for humans to read and write. It is easy for
machines to parse and generate.”
Source: http://json.org/
19. Data Redaction
OTN Article in English by Alex Zaballa
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/d
atabase/data-redaction-odb12c-2331480.html
20. Data Redaction
• One of the new features introduced in Oracle
Database 12c
• Part of the Advanced Security option
• Enables the protection of data shown to the
user in real time, without requiring changes to
the application
25. SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets
create table tabela_teste (id number, name varchar2(20), salary number);
insert into tabela_teste values (1,'Alex' ,100);
insert into tabela_teste values (2,'Joao' ,200);
insert into tabela_teste values (3,'Maria' ,300);
insert into tabela_teste values (4,'Pedro',400);
insert into tabela_teste values (5,'Paulo',500);
insert into tabela_teste values (6,'Fernando',600);
insert into tabela_teste values (7,'Rafael',700);
insert into tabela_teste values (8,'Samuel',700);
insert into tabela_teste values (9,'Daniel',800);
insert into tabela_teste values (10,'Luciano',1000);
26. SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets
Top-N Queries – Pré 12c
select * from ( select id, name, salary
from tabela_teste
order by salary desc)
where rownum <= 5;
27. SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets
select id, name, salary
from tabela_teste
order by salary desc
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;
28. SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets
select id, name, salary
from tabela_teste
order by salary
FETCH FIRST 30 PERCENT ROWS ONLY;
29. SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets
select id, name, salary
from tabela_teste
order by salary desc
OFFSET 2 ROWS FETCH NEXT 2 ROWS ONLY;
31. Invisible Columns
CREATE TABLE tabela_teste
(
coluna1 NUMBER,
coluna2 NUMBER,
coluna3 NUMBER INVISIBLE,
coluna4 NUMBER
);
SQL> desc tabela_teste
Name
-----------------------------------------
COLUNA1 NUMBER
COLUNA2 NUMBER
COLUNA4 NUMBER
32. Invisible Columns
INSERT INTO tabela_teste
(coluna1,coluna2,coluna3,coluna4) VALUES
(1,2,3,4);
INSERT INTO tabela_teste VALUES (1,2,4);
33. Invisible Columns
SET COLINVISIBLE ON
SQL> desc tabela_teste
Name
-----------------------------------------
COLUNA1 NUMBER
COLUNA2 NUMBER
COLUNA4 NUMBER
COLUNA3 (INVISIBLE) NUMBER
39. PL/SQL From SQL
with
function Is_Number
(x in varchar2) return varchar2 is
Plsql_Num_Error exception;
pragma exception_init(Plsql_Num_Error, -06502);
begin
if (To_Number(x) is NOT null) then
return 'Y';
else
return '';
end if;
exception
when Plsql_Num_Error then
return 'N';
end Is_Number;
select rownum, x, is_number(x) is_num from t;
41. Session Level Sequences
Session level sequences are used to produce
unique values in a session. Once the session
ends, the sequence is reset.
Generating Primary Keys for a Global Temporary
Table would be a field where those kinds of
sequences could be used.
45. Extended Data Types
SQL> create table tabela_teste(campo01
varchar2(4001));
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00910: specified length too long for its
datatype
46. Extended Data Types
- VARCHAR2 : 32767 bytes
- NVARCHAR2 : 32767 bytes
- RAW : 32767 bytes
47. Extended Data Types
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP UPGRADE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET max_string_size=extended;
@?/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
**Once you switch to extended data types you can't switch back
49. Multiple Indexes on the same set of
Columns
Pre 12c:
ORA-01408: such column list already indexed
error.
50. Multiple Indexes on the same set of
Columns
Is the ability to create more than one index on
the same set of columns in 12c.
**Only one of these indexes can be visible at a
time
51. Multiple Indexes on the same set of
Columns
Why would you want to do that?
• Unique versus nonunique
• B-tree versus bitmap
• Different partitioning strategies
53. READ Object Privilege and READ ANY
TABLE System Privilege
What is the difference to SELECT and SELECT
ANY TABLE?
54. READ Object Privilege and READ ANY
TABLE System Privilege
SELECT and SELECT ANY TABLE provides the
ability to lock rows:
LOCK TABLE table_name IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
SELECT ... FROM table_name FOR UPDATE;
55. READ Object Privilege and READ ANY
TABLE System Privilege
SQL> grant select on scott.emp to teste;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> lock table scott.emp in exclusive mode;
Table(s) Locked.
56. READ Object Privilege and READ ANY
TABLE System Privilege
SQL> grant read on scott.emp to teste;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> lock table scott.emp in exclusive mode;
lock table scott.emp in exclusive mode
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
58. Session private statistics for Global
Temporary Tables
Pre 12c, statistics gathered for global temporary
tables (GTTs) were common to all sessions.
59. Session private statistics for Global
Temporary Tables
BEGIN
DBMS_STATS.set_global_prefs (
pname => 'GLOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS',
pvalue => 'SHARED');
END;
/
BEGIN
DBMS_STATS.set_global_prefs (
pname => 'GLOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS',
pvalue => 'SESSION');
END;
/
60. Session private statistics for Global
Temporary Tables
BEGIN
dbms_stats.set_table_prefs('SCOTT','GTT_TESTE','G
LOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS','SHARED');
END;
BEGIN
dbms_stats.set_table_prefs('SCOTT','GTT_TESTE','G
LOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS','SESSION');
END;
62. Temporary Undo
Global Temporary Tables (GTT) hold the data in a
temporary tablespace. The data in GTTs are either
deleted after commit or kept until the session is
connected depending of the definition of the
GTT.(ON COMMIT PRESERVE OR DELETE ROWS ).
DMLs in a Global Temporary Tables do not generate
REDO, but generate UNDO and this will result in
REDO generating.
65. Statistics During Loads
The ability to gather statistics automatically
during bulk loads:
- CREATE TABLE AS SELECT
- INSERT INTO ... SELECT into an empty table
using a direct path insert
67. Partial Indexes for Partitioned Table
• You can create local and global indexes on a
subset of the partitions of a table, enabling
more flexibility in index creation.
• This feature is not supported for unique
indexes, or for indexes used for enforcing
unique constraints.
72. SQL*Loader Express
[oracle@oracle01 tmp]$ sqlldr teste/teste TABLE=EMPRESA
SQL*Loader: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 11 12:16:28 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Express Mode Load, Table: EMPRESA
Path used: External Table, DEGREE_OF_PARALLELISM=AUTO
Table EMPRESA:
9 Rows successfully loaded.
Check the log files:
EMPRESA.log
EMPRESA_%p.log_xt
for more information about the load.
77. Limit the PGA
SQL> show parameter pga
NAME TYPE VALUE
-------------------------- ------------- ----------------------
pga_aggregate_limit big integer 2G
78. Limit the PGA
PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT is set to the greater of:
- 2 GB (default value)
- 200% of PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET
- 3 MB times the PROCESSES parameter
79. Full Database Caching
Can be used to cache the entire database in
memory. It should be used when the buffer
cache size of the database instance is greater
than the whole database size.
80. RMAN Table Recovery in 12c
RMAN enables you to recover one or more
tables or table partitions to a specified point in
time.
81. RMAN Table Recovery in 12c
RMAN> RECOVER TABLE HR.REGIONS
UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('01/10/2013
09:33:39','DD/MM/RRRR HH24:MI:SS')"
AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/tmp/backups'
82. In-Database Archiving
SQL> create table tabela_teste(coluna1 number)
row archival;
insert into tabela_teste values(1);
insert into tabela_teste values(2);
insert into tabela_teste values(3);
86. Heat Map, Automatic Data
Optimization and ILM
OTN Article in Portuguese by Daniel Da Meda and Alex Zaballa
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/pt/articles
/database-performance/ilm-e-automatic-data-
optimization-2601873-ptb.html
87. Heat Map, Automatic Data
Optimization and ILM
• Heat Map: Oracle Database 12c feature that stores system-
generated data usage statistics at the block and segment
levels. Automatically tracks modification and query
timestamps at the row and segment levels.
• Automatic Data Optimization (ADO): automatically moves
and compresses data according to user-defined policies
based on the information collected by Heat Map
• ILM: Heat Map and Automatic Data Optimization make
Oracle Database 12c ideal for implementing ILM
88. Heat Map, Automatic Data
Optimization and ILM
Enabling Heat Map
SQL> alter system set heat_map = on;
89. Heat Map, Automatic Data
Optimization and ILM
Heat Map statistics can be viewed graphically
through EM Cloud Control:
90. Heat Map, Automatic Data
Optimization and ILM
Creating ADO policies
Compress the tablespace USER_DATA and all its residing
segments at OLTP level after 30 days of low access:
ALTER TABLESPACE USER_DATA ILM ADD POLICY
ROW STORE COMPRESS ADVANCED
SEGMENT AFTER 30 DAYS OF LOW ACCESS;
91. Heat Map, Automatic Data
Optimization and ILM
Creating ADO policies
Compress the table ORDER_ITEMS including any
SecureFile LOBs at OLTP level after 90 days of no
modification:
ALTER TABLE ORDER_ITEMS ILM ADD POLICY
ROW STORE COMPRESS ADVANCED
GROUP AFTER 90 DAYS OF NO MODIFICATION;
107. In-Memory
Alter table hr.EMPLOYEES inmemory;
ALTER TABLE sales MODIFY PARTITION SALES_Q1_1998
NO INMEMORY;
ALTER TABLE sales INMEMORY NO INMEMORY(prod_id);
CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_test
DATAFILE '+DG01 SIZE 100M
DEFAULT INMEMORY;