www.seribangash.com
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). The etiology of bipolar disorder involves a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Here's a breakdown of these etiologies:
Genetic Factors:
Family History: Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Studies indicate that having a close relative with bipolar disorder increases the risk.
Genetic Studies: Research has identified specific genetic variations associated with bipolar disorder. These include genes involved in neurotransmitter signaling, ion channel function, and circadian rhythms.
Neurobiological Factors:
Neurotransmitter Imbalance: Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are implicated in bipolar disorder. For example, elevated dopamine levels during manic episodes and decreased levels during depressive episodes.
Neuroendocrine Factors: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and abnormal cortisol levels have been observed in individuals with bipolar disorder.
Neuroanatomical Factors:
Brain Structure and Function: Structural and functional abnormalities in certain brain regions are linked to bipolar disorder. These include the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, which are involved in emotional regulation and cognition.
Environmental Factors:
Stress: Stressful life events, such as trauma, loss, or significant life changes, can trigger or exacerbate episodes of bipolar disorder.
Substance Abuse: Substance use, particularly stimulants or drugs that affect neurotransmitter systems, can precipitate manic episodes or worsen the course of the disorder.
Developmental Factors:
Early Life Experiences: Adverse childhood experiences, including abuse, neglect, or chronic stress, may increase susceptibility to developing bipolar disorder later in life.
Trajectories: Some individuals may have a prodromal phase marked by subthreshold symptoms or other behavioral indicators before full-blown episodes manifest.
This document provides information on psychiatric disorders of depression and anxiety. It discusses the types, symptoms, causes, and treatments of different forms of depression like major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder. It also covers anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. The document outlines biological, genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors that may contribute to the development of these conditions. Treatments discussed include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy using antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications, and alternative therapies like exercise and supplements.
Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest that negatively impact thinking, feelings, and behavior. Symptoms vary by age but can include changes in appetite, sleep, energy levels, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and suicidal thoughts. Depression is caused by biological factors like genetics and brain chemistry as well as environmental factors like stressful life events. The hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex areas of the brain are most affected by depression. Treatment involves medication like SSRIs and SNRIs, psychotherapy such as CBT, and in severe cases ECT. With treatment, 80-90% of people experience relief from depressive symptoms.
Mood disorders:major depressive and bipolar disorderNandu Krishna J
a basic description about mood disorders mainly MDD and bipolar disorder. Can be made useful in presentations and theory exams. Subject was imbibed from different presentations and DSM IV manual. Thanks for viewing.
A 42-year-old man is experiencing a recurrent major depressive episode. He had previously responded well to treatment with imipramine but did not tolerate the anticholinergic side effects. Given his history of responding well to antidepressants and preference to avoid side effects, an SSRI with fewer anticholinergic effects would be a suitable first-line treatment option for this episode. Close monitoring would also be important given his risk of recurrence.
Discussing the prevalence of mental health in Egypt, the biochemical causes of mental health, and recent trends in mental health diagnosis and treatment.
Bipolar disorder affects around 2.9% of the population annually. It can develop at a young age and the average age of onset is 25. Genetics, brain structure, and stress may contribute to its causes, though the specific cause is unknown. There are four main types defined by symptoms: bipolar I involves manic and depressive episodes; bipolar II involves hypomania and depression; cyclothymic disorder involves shifting mood states; and bipolar disorder other/unspecified involves mood changes not meeting other criteria. Treatment involves medications, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and self-care practices.
Major affective disorders are characterized by disordered feelings or emotions and include bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder involves extreme shifts between manic and depressive states, while unipolar disorder only involves periods of depression without manic episodes. Both conditions require long-term treatment including medication and therapy to control symptoms and prevent new episodes. Biological and genetic factors may contribute to the development of major affective disorders.
PsychologicalDisorders to create lcelh local lanONLYDOWNLOAD1
Psychological disorders are defined by the APA as significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that lead to distress or disability. The DSM-5 classifies and diagnoses disorders based on symptoms. Perspectives include biological factors like genetics or brain abnormalities and psychosocial factors like learning or environment. The diathesis-stress model suggests some people are predisposed to disorders when faced with stressors. Common disorders are anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by periods of extreme mood swings from emotional highs (mania or hypomania) to lows (depression). Symptoms include changes in sleep, energy, and behavior. It is a lifelong condition caused by genetic and environmental factors and is typically treated through a combination of medications and psychotherapy to manage mood swings and improve quality of life.
Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Biopsychosocial Approaches to Mind Body HealthMichael Changaris
Explores psychological, medical and primary care treatment and self-care for bipolar disorder from the biological bases of brain function and medication management to the psychological integrated care and treatment plan for health complexity and bipolar treatment needs.
Depression is a common and treatable medical illness that affects physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It causes persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest that interfere with daily functioning. Symptoms include changes in sleep, appetite, concentration, energy level, and thoughts of death or suicide. While the causes are unclear, depression may be related to genetic, environmental, physical, or biological factors like changes in brain chemistry. It is diagnosed based on symptoms lasting at least two weeks and is treated through psychotherapy, medication, or electroconvulsive therapy. Certain groups like women, older adults, and young adults are at higher risk.
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness classified as a mood disorder that causes severe shifts in mood between depression and mania. During depressive episodes, people experience sadness, crying, loss of energy and suicidal thoughts, while manic episodes involve excessive happiness, irritability, racing thoughts and grand plans. There are different types of bipolar disorder defined by the severity and frequency of mood episodes. The exact causes are unknown but genetics and environmental triggers are believed to play a role. Treatment involves medications, psychotherapy and lifestyle management to control mood symptoms and enable people to live normal lives.
Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems .
Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, and poor concentration. There are several types of depression including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, postpartum depression, and seasonal affective disorder. Symptoms include feelings of sadness, changes in appetite and sleep, fatigue, anxiety, and thoughts of death or suicide. Depression is caused by genetic, environmental, biochemical and physiological factors and can be effectively treated with antidepressant medication, psychotherapy like CBT or IPT, and lifestyle changes to reduce stress and improve sleep and social support.
-Definition of mental health
-Definition of mental illness
-When do you need to see a psychiatrist?
-Causes of mental illness
-Consequences of mental illness
-Treatment team
-Medications used in mental illness
-Myths and facts about mental illness (misconceptions)
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression. It can cause shifts in mood, energy levels, and ability to function. The document discusses the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder according to the DSM-V, including symptoms of mania, hypomania, psychosis and depression. It also covers the prevalence of bipolar disorder, potential causes, evaluation process, treatment options including mood stabilizers, psychotherapy and alternatives if monotherapy fails. Treatment trends are discussed for children, adolescents, and the elderly population.
Similar to Etiologies of Bipolar disorders. Power Point Presentation ptx (20)
INTELLIGENCE TESTS ALL TYPES OF EXAMS.pptxseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
Intelligence tests for exams are structured assessments crafted to evaluate an individual's cognitive capabilities comprehensively. These tests are specifically designed to measure various facets of intelligence, such as verbal comprehension, logical reasoning, perceptual speed, and working memory.
Key Characteristics of Intelligence Tests:
Multi-Faceted Assessment: Intelligence tests encompass a range of cognitive domains to provide a holistic view of an individual's intellectual abilities. These domains typically include verbal abilities (like vocabulary and comprehension), quantitative reasoning (mathematical and logical problem-solving), and non-verbal reasoning (pattern recognition and spatial visualization).
Standardization: Tests are carefully standardized to ensure reliability and validity. Standardization involves establishing uniform testing procedures, norms, and scoring criteria, which enable meaningful comparisons of an individual's performance against a relevant peer group.
Types of Questions: Test questions vary widely to assess different aspects of intelligence. Verbal sections may include tasks like defining words or understanding complex passages. Numerical sections often involve solving mathematical problems or interpreting data. Non-verbal sections might require identifying patterns or completing visual sequences.
Predictive Validity: Intelligence test results can predict academic performance to some extent, helping educators understand a student's potential for learning and identifying areas where additional support may be needed.
Educational Applications: Test outcomes guide educational strategies and interventions. They inform educators about a student's strengths and weaknesses, facilitating tailored instructional approaches that cater to individual learning styles and needs.
Ethical Considerations: Test development and administration prioritize fairness and inclusivity, aiming to minimize cultural bias and accommodate diverse linguistic and cognitive backgrounds.
Intelligence tests for exams play a crucial role in education by providing insights into cognitive strengths and areas for improvement, thereby contributing to personalized learning and academic success.
Prospectus of Company. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
Introduction and Summary: This section gives an overview of the company, its business activities, and the purpose of issuing the securities.
Company Background: Details about the company's history, founders, management team, and organizational structure.
Business Overview: A description of the company's primary business activities, including its products or services, market position, competitive landscape, and any significant industry trends.
Financial Information: Key financial statements such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements for the past few years. This section helps investors assess the company's financial health and performance.
Risk Factors: Disclosure of potential risks and uncertainties that could affect the company's business operations or financial performance. This includes industry-specific risks, regulatory risks, economic risks, and other factors investors should consider.
Use of Proceeds: Explanation of how the funds raised from the offering will be used by the company (e.g., for expansion, debt repayment, research and development).
Management and Governance: Information about the company's management team, their experience and qualifications, compensation details, and corporate governance practices.
Legal and Regulatory Information: Details about the legal structure of the company, any pending litigation, regulatory compliance, and other legal matters that may impact the company.
Offering Details: Specifics about the securities being offered (e.g., common stock, preferred stock, bonds), including the offering price, number of shares or units, and any conditions related to the offering.
Additional Information: Any other relevant information that investors should be aware of, such as material contracts, major customers or suppliers, intellectual property rights, and environmental considerations.
Prospectuses are typically required by regulatory bodies like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States to ensure transparency and disclosure to investors. Investors use prospectuses to make informed decisions about whether to invest in a company's securities.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Constitution of Company Article of Associationseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
An Article of Association is a legal document that contains the rules, regulations, and guidelines for the internal management and operation of a company. It is one of the two key documents along with the Memorandum of Association that forms the company's constitution, outlining its structure and objectives. While the Memorandum of Association defines the company's external objectives and powers, the Article of Association deals with its internal affairs.
https://seribangash.com/public-private-company-difference/
Here's a detailed note on the Article of Association:
Contents: The Article of Association typically includes provisions regarding the rights and duties of shareholders, the appointment and removal of directors, the conduct of board and general meetings, the distribution of dividends, the issuance and transfer of shares, borrowing powers of the company, and any other matters relating to the administration and management of the company.
Flexibility: Unlike the Memorandum of Association, which is relatively fixed and requires formal procedures to amend, the Article of Association can be amended more easily by passing a special resolution in a general meeting of shareholders. This flexibility allows companies to adapt their internal rules according to changing circumstances and requirements.
https://seribangash.com/public-private-company-difference/
Standard Provisions: While companies have the flexibility to customize their Articles to suit their specific needs, certain standard provisions are commonly included, such as:
Shareholders' rights and obligations: Including voting rights, procedures for convening meetings, and methods for appointing proxies.
Directors' powers and responsibilities: Specifying the powers of the board of directors, procedures for appointment, retirement, and removal of directors, and rules for board meetings.
Dividend policies: Outlining the procedures for declaring and distributing dividends to shareholders.
Transfer of shares: Stipulating the process for transferring shares, including any restrictions or pre-emption rights.
Borrowing powers: Defining the limits and conditions under which the company can borrow money.
https://seribangash.com/public-private-company-difference/
Winding up procedures: Describing the procedures for voluntary or involuntary winding up of the company.
Legal Requirement: In most jurisdictions, companies are required to have Articles of Association as part of their incorporation documents. These Articles must comply with the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction in which the company is registered.
Public Accessibility: While the Memorandum of Association is a public document that anyone can access, the Article of Association is often kept as an internal document and may not be available for public inspection.
Binding Nature: The provisions contained in the Article of Association are binding on the company, its shareholders, directors, and other officers.
The Mariana Trench remarkable geological features on Earth.pptxseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
The Mariana Trench is one of the most remarkable geological features on Earth. Here are some details about it:
Location: The Mariana Trench is located in the western Pacific Ocean, east of the Mariana Islands. It stretches for about 2,550 kilometers (1,580 miles) and is known as the deepest part of the world's oceans.
Depth: The trench reaches incredible depths, with its deepest point known as the Challenger Deep, which plunges down to approximately 10,984 meters (36,037 feet) below sea level. To put this into perspective, if Mount Everest, the tallest mountain on Earth, were placed at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, its peak would still be over 2 kilometers (1.25 miles) underwater.
Formation: The Mariana Trench was formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Mariana Plate. This process creates a deep trench as the heavier Pacific Plate is forced beneath the lighter Mariana Plate.
Geological Features: The trench is characterized by steep, V-shaped valleys, and its walls are composed of highly compressed sedimentary rock. At the bottom of the trench, there are also large amounts of marine sediment.
Pressure: The pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench is immense, reaching over 1,000 times the pressure at the surface. This extreme pressure creates a challenging environment for exploration and makes it difficult for organisms to survive.
Exploration: Despite its extreme conditions, the Mariana Trench has been the subject of numerous scientific expeditions and explorations. One of the most famous explorations was the dive to the Challenger Deep by Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard and U.S. Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh in 1960. More recently, in 2012, filmmaker James Cameron made a solo dive to the bottom of the Challenger Deep in the Deepsea Challenger submersible.
Biological Discoveries: Despite the harsh conditions, the Mariana Trench is home to a surprising variety of life forms, including unique species of deep-sea fish, crustaceans, and microbial life. Some organisms have adapted to survive in the extreme pressure and darkness of the trench.
Environmental Importance: Studying the Mariana Trench provides valuable insights into the geology, biology, and oceanography of the deep sea. It also helps scientists better understand the processes that shape the Earth's crust and the distribution of life in the oceans.
Conservation: Due to its remote location and extreme depths, the Mariana Trench has remained relatively untouched by human activity. However, there is growing concern about the potential impacts of deep-sea mining and pollution on this fragile ecosystem, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect this unique environment.
https://seribangash.com/barber-shop-business-complete-guide-for-beginners/
https://seribangash.com/legend-virat-kohli-in-cricket-history/
3 Formation of Company.www.seribangash.com.pptseri bangash
The formation of a company marks the genesis of a venture's legal existence and operational journey. It entails a meticulous process involving various legal, financial, and administrative steps. Initially, aspiring entrepreneurs must delineate the company's vision, mission, and objectives, which form the cornerstone of its identity. Next, they navigate through the selection of an appropriate business structure, be it a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC), or corporation, each bearing distinct legal implications and operational frameworks. Subsequently, founders embark on the registration process, adhering to jurisdiction-specific regulations, and meticulously preparing requisite documentation such as articles of incorporation or association, memorandum of association, and shareholder agreements. Throughout this process, careful consideration is given to factors like taxation, liability, governance, and scalability. Ultimately, the formation of a company symbolizes the culmination of entrepreneurial aspirations into a legally recognized entity poised for growth, innovation, and market impact.
BERMUDA Triangle the mystery of life.pptxseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
Please Visit : https://seribangash.com/barber-shop-business-complete-guide-for-beginners/
The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is a loosely-defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is infamous for the purported disappearances of numerous ships and aircraft under mysterious circumstances. Here are some details about the Bermuda Triangle:
Location: The Bermuda Triangle's boundaries are typically considered to be roughly defined by Miami, Florida; Bermuda; and Puerto Rico. However, there is no universally agreed-upon boundary for the area.
Disappearances: Over the years, a significant number of ships, planes, and boats have allegedly disappeared within the Bermuda Triangle. These incidents often involve the sudden and unexplained loss of communication with the vessels or aircraft, leading to speculation about the causes.
Notable Incidents: Some of the most famous incidents associated with the Bermuda Triangle include the disappearance of Flight 19 in 1945, where five U.S. Navy bombers vanished during a training flight; the disappearance of the USS Cyclops in 1918, a Navy cargo ship with over 300 crew members; and the vanishing of the SS Marine Sulphur Queen in 1963, a freighter carrying molten sulfur.
Theories: Various theories have been proposed to explain the disappearances within the Bermuda Triangle. These range from natural explanations such as unpredictable weather patterns, underwater methane gas eruptions, and magnetic anomalies, to more speculative ideas such as extraterrestrial activity, time warps, and even the influence of the lost city of Atlantis.
Skepticism: Despite the popular perception of the Bermuda Triangle as a mysterious and dangerous area, many skeptics argue that the reported incidents can often be attributed to ordinary maritime and aviation mishaps. They point out that the Bermuda Triangle is a heavily trafficked region with normal risks associated with navigation and travel.
Scientific Explanations: Scientists and researchers have conducted investigations into the Bermuda Triangle phenomenon. Many of these studies suggest that there is no evidence to support the idea of a distinct danger zone in the region. Instead, they emphasize the importance of critical thinking and thorough investigation when evaluating claims about the Bermuda Triangle.
In summary, the Bermuda Triangle remains a captivating subject of folklore and speculation, drawing interest from both believers in its mysterious reputation and skeptics who seek to demystify its supposed dangers.
For more articles please visit: www.seribanagsh.com
https://seribangash.com/barber-shop-business-complete-guide-for-beginners/
Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insightsseri bangash
Title: Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insights
Introduction to Budgeting:
Budgeting is a fundamental aspect of fiscal management, providing a blueprint for allocating financial resources to meet the needs and goals of a nation. In the context of Pakistan, the budgeting process plays a pivotal role in shaping economic policies, social development initiatives, and infrastructure investments. Understanding the basics of budgeting in Pakistan is essential for comprehending the intricacies of its fiscal framework and the implications for various sectors of the economy.
Key Components of the Budgeting Process:
The budgeting process in Pakistan comprises several key components, each contributing to the formulation and execution of the national budget. These components include:
Fiscal Year Definition:
The fiscal year in Pakistan begins on July 1st and ends on June 30th of the following year. This timeframe serves as the basis for planning and implementing budgetary measures.
Budget Preparation:
The budget preparation phase involves extensive deliberations and analysis by government officials, policymakers, and relevant stakeholders. It encompasses the estimation of revenues, expenditures, and deficit targets for the upcoming fiscal year.
Revenue Mobilization:
Revenue mobilization is a critical aspect of budgeting, as it determines the government's ability to finance its expenditure programs. In Pakistan, revenue sources include taxes, tariffs, grants, and other forms of income generated by the state.
Expenditure Allocation:
Allocating expenditures across various sectors such as education, healthcare, defense, and infrastructure is a crucial aspect of the budgeting process. Government priorities, economic challenges, and social needs influence the distribution of funds to different areas.
Budget Approval:
Once the budget proposal is formulated, it undergoes scrutiny and approval by the Parliament. Parliamentary debates, discussions, and revisions may occur before the budget receives final approval.
Budget Implementation:
Implementation of the budget involves executing the planned expenditures and revenue measures outlined in the budget document. Government agencies and departments are responsible for ensuring that allocated funds are utilized efficiently and effectively.
Budget Monitoring and Evaluation:
Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are put in place to assess the performance and outcomes of budgetary allocations. This includes tracking expenditures, evaluating program effectiveness, and addressing any deviations from the budget plan.
Understanding Budgetary Terms and Concepts:
To comprehend the Pakistan budgeting process fully, it's essential to familiarize oneself with various terms and concepts commonly used in fiscal discussions. Some of these terms include:
Fiscal Deficit:
The fiscal deficit represents the shortfall between government expenditures and revenues in a given fiscal year.
A price that is appropriate for massage therapy enables cost-effective healthcare access. If such treatments cost is low, it would provide more individuals with an opportunity to enjoy frequent massages which are crucial in relieving anxiety and pain. Because it is cheap, individuals may incorporate such treatments in their healthcare lifestyles without having to be concerned about how much they spend on themselves. At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we are providing all types of massage services @ 99 AED. Visit us today.
Module 7- Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, Working in the Comm...Reliable Assignments Help
Module 7: Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, Working in the Community Assignment Help
Are you feeling overwhelmed by your Module 7: Care Planning, Restorative Care, Documentation, and Working in the Community assignments? Look no further! At GPAShark.com, we offer expert assistance to help you excel in your coursework and achieve your academic goals.
Our Services Include:
Detailed Assignment Help: From defining ethical client-centered care to understanding the principles of professionalism and communication, we provide detailed assistance for all aspects of your assignments.
Report and Documentation Guidance: Learn how to effectively document and report client care, adhering to privacy legislation and confidentiality principles.
Rehabilitation and Restorative Care Planning: Get expert help in developing rehabilitation plans for various health conditions, understanding different rehabilitation settings, and working with rehabilitation teams.
Community Care Strategies: Master the nuances of working in the community, providing home care services, and contributing to client care planning through effective communication.
How to Get Started
Getting started with GPAShark.com is easy. Simply visit our website and fill out a request form with your assignment details. Our team will promptly get in touch with you to discuss your needs and how we can assist you. Let us take the stress out of your Module 7 assignments so you can focus on what matters most – your education and career growth.
Don’t let the complexities of care planning, restorative care, and community work overwhelm you. Reach out to GPAShark.com today and experience the difference expert assignment help can make!
Dawn of new Era: Digital Human, Agentic AI, and Auto sapiensJAI NAHAR, MD MBA
This interactive talk focuses on Intelligent Digital
agents, Digital human, and Embodied agents, which
are important emerging applications of Generative AI
in 2024 and beyond.
EFFECTIVE & SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMMoses Alonge
Supper and Scientifically Proven Methods for Effective Weight Loss. It's safe and highly effective with notable results in just few days. You don't need all the "chemical pills" that endanger your health and leave your life at the risk of the attendant adverse effects.
Believe me: it has been tested and trusted over time with high success rate.
Check it out here:
https://3w105.doctortrf.com/l/?sub1
Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market by Product Type, Distribution Ch...IMARC Group
The global left atrial appendage closure devices market size reached US$ 1.5 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 6.3 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 16.85% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/left-atrial-appendage-closure-devices-market
The success of our Spa in Ajman relies on the customer-centric approach we follow. Who doesn't like a massage center that consistently offers wellness treatments that help customers improve overall health? Our wellness services are carefully customized to satisfy the wellness needs of all customers. At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman we providing Kerala Massage, Indian Massage, Full Body Massage, Russian Massage, Body to Body Massage in Ajman. Providing all our services @ just 99 AED.
Cost-Effective Hospital Marketing Strategies Maximize your reach without Brea...HMS Advisors Pvt Ltd
In today's competitive healthcare landscape, effective marketing is essential for attracting and retaining patients, but budget constraints can make extensive campaigns challenging. This article explores affordable marketing solutions to help healthcare providers maximize their reach without breaking the bank.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic approach that helps individuals find the motivation to make positive behavioral changes. By fostering a collaborative, empathetic, and non-judgmental dialogue, MI empowers clients to explore their ambivalence about change and strengthen their commitment to personal goals. This method is effective in various settings, including addiction treatment, health behavior change, and mental health.
August 2024. Smart hospitals use advanced technologies like the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), AI, ML, NLP, and blockchain to improve efficiency, sustainability, and patient experience. Smart hospital applications include electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, and MHealth. Smart and sustainable hospitals offer many benefits, like enhanced care, cost savings, and pollution reduction. However, challenges like high electricity consumption and cyberattack vulnerability exist. To overcome these, smart hospitals must adopt energy-efficient technologies, use renewable energy, and enhance cybersecurity. In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, benefits, challenges, sustainability strategies, UN policy, and global statistics of smart hospitals and smart healthcare.
2025 QPP: Proposed Changes from the PFS Proposed RuleShelby Lewis
CMS has released the 2025 PFS Proposed Rule and proposed several changes to the Quality Payment Program. Here is a slideshow that highlights the key changes.
Week 8 Case of Tiana-DIAGNOSIS OF FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS CASE STUDY.pdfReliable Assignments Help
Struggling with your assignment on the diagnosis of feeding and eating disorders? Look no further! At Reliableassignmentshelp.com, we provide comprehensive support to help you navigate and complete your assignment with ease. Feeding and eating disorders are complex and require a nuanced understanding, and our expert assistance ensures you grasp these complexities effectively.
Why Choose Us?
1. Expert Writers:
Our team is composed of experienced professionals in the fields of psychology, mental health, and medical sciences. They bring a wealth of knowledge and practical insights, ensuring your assignment is handled with the highest level of expertise. Our writers stay updated with the latest research and developments in diagnosing feeding and eating disorders.
2. Comprehensive Support:
We cover a broad spectrum of feeding and eating disorders, including but not limited to:
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)
Pica and Rumination Disorder
Our assistance extends to understanding the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5, recognizing the symptoms, and exploring various treatment modalities.
3. Tailored Solutions:
Each assignment we handle is customized to meet your specific requirements and academic standards. We ensure that the content is relevant, accurate, and aligned with your educational goals. Whether you need help with an essay, research paper, case study, or any other assignment type, we provide solutions that are tailored to your needs.
4. Plagiarism-Free Content:
Academic integrity is paramount. We guarantee 100% original work, with proper citations and references. Our content is thoroughly checked for plagiarism to ensure authenticity and originality. You can be confident that your assignment will stand up to scrutiny.
5. Timely Delivery:
We understand the importance of deadlines. Our efficient process ensures that your assignment is completed and delivered on time, without compromising on quality. We offer flexible timelines to accommodate urgent requests as well.
Our Services Include:
1. Detailed Analysis:
We provide an in-depth exploration of various feeding and eating disorders. This includes a comprehensive review of the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment options for each disorder. Our detailed analysis helps you understand the nuances and complexities involved in diagnosing these disorders.
2. Case Studies:
We incorporate real-life examples and case studies to illustrate the variations and intricacies in diagnosing feeding and eating disorders. These case studies enhance your understanding by providing practical, real-world applications of theoretical knowledge.
3. Research Assistance:
Our experts assist you in finding and analyzing relevant academic sources. We help you identify credible research articles, books, and journals that support your assignment.
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th Canadian Edition 2024 Verified Chapters 1 - 31.pdf
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th Canadian Edition 2024 Verified Chapters 1 - 31.pdf
TEST BANK For Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment 4th Canadian Edition 2024 Verified Chapters 1 - 31.pdf
SA Gastro Cure(gallbladder cancer treatment in india).pptxVinothKumar70905
SA Gastro Cure provides complete gallbladder cancer treatment in India, with Dr. Santhosh Anand's experience. Dr. Santhosh Anand delivers tailored care with modern procedures and advanced technologies to ensure efficient management and recovery. His significant knowledge provides premium therapy for gallbladder cancer, resulting in superior patient results at SA Gastro Cure.
Benefits:
The joined thumbs accentuate
all the manifestations of the fire
element within your body and mind,
and accelerate their effects, improving
eyesight and digestion, among other
things.
At the same time, the pressure applied to the backs of the fingers serves to decrease the effects of the air and space elements.
Innovations in Hair Loss Treatment: The Role of R3 Stem CellR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cell is revolutionizing hair loss treatment with cutting-edge regenerative medicine. By harnessing the power of stem cells, R3 Stem Cell offers a novel approach to hair restoration that rejuvenates and regenerates hair follicles. This minimally invasive treatment involves extracting a patient’s own stem cells, processing them, and injecting them into the scalp to stimulate natural hair growth and improve scalp health. Patients experience significant improvements in hair density and thickness, making R3 Stem Cell a leader in effective and natural hair loss solutions.
2. › Bipolar can be defined as Mania or Depressive illness or
manic depression, it is a mental illness that causes unusual
shifts in a person’s mood, energy, activity level, and
concentration.
TOTAL SLIDES 35
3/35
3. › Bipolar-I
› Bipolar-II
› Cyclothymic
› Substance/Medication Induced Bipolar and Related
Disorders
› Bipolar and Related Disorders Due to Another Medical
Condition
› Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorders
› Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders
4/35
4. › At least one Manic Episode. Preceded/followed by
Hypomanic or Major Depressive episode.
5/35
5. › Never had a Manic Episode. At least one Hypomanic, and
one Major Depressive episode.
6/35
6. › A manic episode is a period of time, usually lasting at least a week,
when a person with bipolar disorder experiences an extremely
elevated or irritable mood. They may have an excessive amount of
energy, engage in impulsive or risky behaviors, and have rapid,
uncontrollable thoughts and speech.
› During this episode, their judgment may be impaired, leading to poor
decision-making and potentially harmful actions. Manic episodes
significantly impact a person's daily life, relationships, and
functioning. It is important to seek professional help if someone is
experiencing symptoms of a manic episode.
7/35
7. › The exact cause of bipolar disorders is unknown, but
several factors such as; genetics, environmental, and
biological factors may be included.
8/35
8. › Twin studies have shown that there is a strong genetic component to
bipolar disorder, with a heritability rate of approximately 80%.
› Family studies have demonstrated that first-degree relatives of
individuals with bipolar disorder are more likely to have the disorder
than those without a family history.
› Studies have also shown that bipolar disorder is more common in
monozygotic (identical) twins than in dizygotic (non-identical) twins,
suggesting a strong genetic component.
› Twin and family studies have also shown that there may be shared
environmental factors that contribute to the risk of developing
bipolar disorder.
9/35
9. › Chromosome linkage studies have identified several
chromosomal regions that may be associated with an
increased risk of bipolar disorder.
› These regions include chromosomes 6, 11, 15, 18, and 21.
› Variations in genes located in these regions have been
shown to be associated with the risk of bipolar disorder.
10/35
10. › Abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems, such as dopamine, serotonin,
and norepinephrine.
› Abnormalities in the brain’s reward system, which is responsible for
regulating motivation and pleasure.
› Abnormalities in the brain’s stress response system, which may lead to an
increased sensitivity to stress.
› Abnormalities in the brain’s circadian rhythm, which could lead to
disturbances in sleep.
› Abnormalities in the brain’s inflammatory response system, which may lead
to an increased risk of inflammation-related illnesses.
Abnormalities in the brain’s neural circuitry, which may lead to disruptions
in communication between different parts of the brain.
11/35
11. › Serotonin: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps
regulate mood, sleep, and appetite. Imbalances in
serotonin levels can lead to symptoms of bipolar disorder,
such as extreme mood swings, depression, and anxiety.
› Dopamine: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved
in reward and motivation. Imbalances in dopamine levels
can lead to the extreme highs and lows associated with
bipolar disorder.
› Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): GABA is a
neurotransmitter that helps regulate brain activity.
Imbalances in GABA levels can lead to symptoms of
bipolar disorder, such as anxiety, depression, and mood
swings.
12/35
12. › Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal
(HPA) Axis: This is a system in the body that regulates
stress and emotion. When this system is dysregulated, it
can lead to an imbalance in hormones, which can cause
mood swings and other symptoms associated with bipolar
disorder.
› Dysregulation of Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters
are chemical messengers that help relay signals between
neurons. When certain neurotransmitters are not
functioning properly, it can lead to an imbalance in the
brain, which can cause the symptoms of bipolar disorder.
› Abnormal Brain Structure: Abnormalities in the brain
structure, such as the size and shape of certain parts of the
brain, can lead to a disruption in the way the brain
processes information, which can lead to bipolar disorder.
13/35
13. › Genetic Factors: Bipolar disorder can be inherited, so if
someone in your family has it, you may be more likely to
develop it as well.
14/35
15. › Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex: This brain region is
involved in decision-making, impulse control, and emotion
regulation. Abnormalities in this region can lead to difficulty in
controlling impulsive behavior, which can result in manic
episodes.
› Abnormalities in the hippocampus: This brain region is
responsible for memory formation and storage. Abnormalities in
this region can lead to difficulty in forming and retrieving
memories, which can contribute to difficulty in regulating mood.
› Abnormalities in the basal ganglia: This brain region is
responsible for controlling movement. Abnormalities in this
region can lead to difficulty in controlling movement, which can
result in restlessness and agitation, which are common
symptoms of mania.
16/35
16. › Abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels: Neurotransmitters
are chemical messengers in the brain that are involved in
regulating mood. Abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels
can lead to difficulty in regulating mood, resulting in mood
swings between mania and depression.
17/35
18. › Environmental factors are believed to play a role in the
development of bipolar disorder. These factors can include:
1. Stressful life events: Stressful life events, such as the death
of a loved one, a divorce, or a job loss, can trigger episodes
of depression or mania.
2. Traumatic experiences: Traumatic experiences, such as
physical or sexual abuse, can increase the risk of developing
bipolar disorder.
3. Substance abuse: Substance abuse, such as alcohol or drug
use, can trigger episodes of mania or depression.
19/35
19. › Genetics: People with a family history of bipolar disorder
are more likely to develop the disorder
› Sleep disturbances: People with bipolar disorder often
experience disruptions in their sleep patterns, which can
trigger episodes of mania or depression.
› Social isolation: People who are socially isolated or lack
meaningful relationships may be more likely to develop
bipolar disorder.
20/35
20. › Medical conditions Medical conditions can cause bipolar
disorder in a variety of ways. For example, certain medical
conditions can cause changes in hormone levels, which can lead
to changes in mood.
Examples of medical conditions that can cause bipolar
disorder include:
› Thyroid disorders: Thyroid disorders can lead to changes in
hormone levels, which can lead to changes in mood.
› Hypothyroidism: This is a condition in which the thyroid gland
does not produce enough hormones, leading to symptoms such
as fatigue, weight gain, depression, and difficulty concentrating.
This can cause bipolar disorder by causing an imbalance in brain
chemistry, leading to mood swings and other symptoms of bipolar
disorder.
21/35
21. › Autoimmune disorders: Autoimmune disorders can cause
inflammation in the brain, which can lead to changes in
mood.
› Brain injury or trauma: Brain injury or trauma can cause
changes in neurotransmitter levels, which can lead to
changes in mood.
› Sleep disorders: Sleep disorders can lead to changes in
hormone levels, which can lead to changes in mood.
› Substance use disorder: Substance use disorder can cause
changes in neurotransmitter levels, which can lead to
changes in mood.
22/35
23. › No one knows exactly what causes bipolar disorder. Research
suggests that a combination of factors could increase your
chance of developing it. This includes physical, environmental
and social conditions.
› This covers:
• Childhood trauma
• Stressful life events
• Brain chemistry
• Family links
• Medication, drugs and alcohol
24/35
24. › Some experts believe that experiencing a lot of emotional
distress as a child can cause bipolar disorder to develop.
This could be because childhood trauma and distress can
have a big effect on your ability to manage your emotions.
› This can include experiences like:
• Neglect
• Sexual, physical or emotional abuse
• Traumatic events
• Losing someone very close to you, such as a parent or
carrier.
25/35
25. › Some people also find that stress can trigger a mood episode. Or it
may make symptoms feel more intense or difficult to manage.
› Things that can cause stress include:
• A relationship breakdown
• Money worries and poverty
• Experiencing trauma
• Losing someone close to you
• Being abused, bullied or harassed, including experiencing racism
• Feeling lonely or isolated
• Lots of change or uncertainty
• Feeling under pressure while working, studying or looking for work
• Big events, such as weddings or holidays
26/35
26. › If you experience bipolar disorder, you're more likely to
have a family member who also experiences bipolar moods
and symptoms. But they might not have a formal diagnosis.
This suggests that bipolar disorder can be passed on
genetically through families.
27/35
27. › Medication, drugs and alcohol may cause you to
experience some bipolar moods and symptoms. For
example:
• Medication. Some medications can cause hypomania or
mania as a side effect. This can happen when you're taking
them, or as a withdrawal symptom when you stop taking
them. This includes medications for physical conditions and
psychiatric medications – including some antidepressants.
› Alcohol or recreational drugs. Using these can cause you to
experience symptoms similar to mania, hypomania or
depression. It can often be difficult to distinguish the
effects of alcohol and drugs from mental health symptoms.
28/35