How to Set Up ApsaraDB for RDS on Alibaba Cloud

Editor's Notes

1. RDS general instances adopt hot standby architecture with master and backup hosts. The single zone means the master and backup nodes are located in the same zone. Multiple zones mean the master and backup nodes are located in different zones. RDS read-only instances adopt single machine architecture. Multiple zones mean the read-only instances can be allocated at random.
2. Alibaba Cloud is responsible for ensuring the normal operation of RDS through routine maintenance and management, such as hardware/software fault processing and database update patches. You can independently perform database addition, deletion, restart, backup, recovery, and other management operations in the Alibaba Cloud console.
3. RDS is used similarly to the native database engine, meaning that you can transfer the pre-existing knowledge and skills to RDS management. Data can be migrated to RDS using the commercial off-the-shelf data import and export tools with minimal labor cost required.hours
4. You can customize RDS specifications through Alibaba Cloud’s official website or the API. After the order is confirmed, RDS generates the specified instance instantly. RDS can work with ECS to reduce the application response time and save on public traffic fees.
5. Because there is only one database node, when the node fails, it takes longer to recover the node. Therefore, the High-availability Edition is recommended for sensitive businesses that have higher requirements on database availability.
6. Asynchronous replication (Async) In this mode, the master node does not immediately synchronize data to the slave node. When an application initiates an update request, which may include add, delete, or modify operations, the master node responds to the application immediately after completing the operation but does not necessarily replicate that data to the slave node right away. This means that the operation of the primary database is not affected if the slave node is unavailable, but data inconsistencies may occur if the master node is unavailable. Semi-synchronous replication (Semi-Sync) This functions as a hybrid of the two preceeding replication modes. In this mode, when both nodes are functioning normally, data replication is identical to the forced synchronous replication mode. However, when there is an exception, such as the slave node becoming unavailable or a network exception occurring between the two nodes, the master node only attempts to replicate data to the slave node and suspend its response to the application for a set period of time. Once the replication mode has timed out, the master node degrades to asynchronous replication. At this point, if the master node becomes unavailable and the application updates its data from the slave node, it is consistent with the data on the master node. When data replication between the two nodes returns to normal, because the slave node or network connection is recovered, forced synchronous replication is reinstated. The amount of time it takes for the nodes to return to forced synchronous replication depends on how the semi-synchronous replication mode was implemented. For instance, ApsaraDB for MySQL 5.5 is different from ApsaraDB for MySQL 5.6 in this regard.
7. Normally, backup is initiated on the slave node so as not to affect the performance of the master node. However, if the slave node is unavailable or damaged, the Backup module initiates backup on the master node. https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/26206.htm 逻辑备份是备份sql语句，在恢复的时候执行备份的sql语句实现数据库数据的重现 逻辑备份和物理备份各有优劣，一般来说，物理备份恢复速度比较快，占用空间比较大，逻辑备份速度比较慢，占用空间比较小。逻辑备份的恢复成本高。 Backups are divided into physical backups and logical backups. Physical backups, which are the primary concern in a backup and recovery strategy, are copies of physical database files. In contrast, logical backups contain logical data (for example, tables and stored procedures). You can use logical backups to supplement physical backups.
8. https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/26206.htm 逻辑备份是备份sql语句，在恢复的时候执行备份的sql语句实现数据库数据的重现 逻辑备份和物理备份各有优劣，一般来说，物理备份恢复速度比较快，占用空间比较大，逻辑备份速度比较慢，占用空间比较小。逻辑备份的恢复成本高。 Backups are divided into physical backups and logical backups. Physical backups, which are the primary concern in a backup and recovery strategy, are copies of physical database files. In contrast, logical backups contain logical data (for example, tables and stored procedures). You can use logical backups to supplement physical backups.
9. Using temporary instance will not affect the current production instance. This avoids the impact of data recovery on services so is most recommended
10. Read/Write Splitting Address https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/51070.htm
11. Read-Only Instance is only for MySQL RDS For other types of databases, you can use this feature OSS: For example, when RDS and OSS are used in a forum, resources such as the images of registered users or those posted on the forum can be stored in OSS to reduce the storage pressure on RDS.
12. Key Management Service (KMS) is a secure and easy-to-use management service provided by Alibaba Cloud. With KMS, you will no longer have to spend excessively to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of keys. Instead, KMS securely and conveniently manages your keys, allowing you to focus more on developing encryption/decryption function scenarios. RDS如何引入KMS实现透明数据加密 https://www.percona.com/blog/2016/04/08/mysql-data-at-rest-encryption/