Counselling in Newington, Edinburgh

Photo of Jen Stewart, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Jen Stewart
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
Life can feel really tough at times. If you are feeling low, anxious, stressed or know that there are things in your life holding you back, I can help. I offer a space where you can explore what you are going through and why. As your counsellor, I want to provide a safe space for you, where we can look what is happening in your life, explore what might be the cause of your pain and what change might look like for you.
Life can feel really tough at times. If you are feeling low, anxious, stressed or know that there are things in your life holding you back, I can help. I offer a space where you can explore what you are going through and why. As your counsellor, I want to provide a safe space for you, where we can look what is happening in your life, explore what might be the cause of your pain and what change might look like for you.
0131 381 0238 View 0131 381 0238
Photo of Ilona Snitka, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Ilona Snitka
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
I am a qualified psychotherapist with a background in medicine. I work with adults and young people 16+ with different issues and from diverse backgrounds with warmth, compassion, and respect for their particular circumstances. I work face to face in private practice in the Newington area of Edinburgh, offering long and short term individual psychotherapy.
I am a qualified psychotherapist with a background in medicine. I work with adults and young people 16+ with different issues and from diverse backgrounds with warmth, compassion, and respect for their particular circumstances. I work face to face in private practice in the Newington area of Edinburgh, offering long and short term individual psychotherapy.
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Photo of Sam Karpa, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Sam Karpa
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
Taking the first step towards therapy, or returning to therapy, can be difficult. Yet working through your experiences can help to process life more meaningfully. Being a qualified psychodynamic therapist means that I understand how even the smallest of issues can play such a huge part in what you may be feeling inside. We can work through this together, as I invite you to share your issues in a warm, empathic, yet well-held space.
Taking the first step towards therapy, or returning to therapy, can be difficult. Yet working through your experiences can help to process life more meaningfully. Being a qualified psychodynamic therapist means that I understand how even the smallest of issues can play such a huge part in what you may be feeling inside. We can work through this together, as I invite you to share your issues in a warm, empathic, yet well-held space.
0131 378 1035 View 0131 378 1035
Photo of Joanna Kemp, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Joanna Kemp
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
Sometimes we find ourselves struggling with issues that are too difficult or confusing to talk about with people we know. At these times, talking confidentially to someone and really feeling heard can be the first step towards changes that we cannot make alone. I offer a safe and supportive space, working alongside you to explore your concerns and feelings at your pace. I believe that being seen and accepted within a genuine, therapeutic relationship can be transformative, enabling a deeper understanding and self-acceptance to move forward.
Sometimes we find ourselves struggling with issues that are too difficult or confusing to talk about with people we know. At these times, talking confidentially to someone and really feeling heard can be the first step towards changes that we cannot make alone. I offer a safe and supportive space, working alongside you to explore your concerns and feelings at your pace. I believe that being seen and accepted within a genuine, therapeutic relationship can be transformative, enabling a deeper understanding and self-acceptance to move forward.
01764 915899 View 01764 915899
Photo of Crystal Yuhua Lei, MBACP, Counsellor
Crystal Yuhua Lei
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
I am a fully qualified and BACP-registered counsellor. I am dedicated to offering you a space of psychological safety, compassion and genuine human connection within my therapeutic practice. In a world where feeling truly heard can be a rarity, I believe in the profound healing power of real conversation and empathetic listening.
I am a fully qualified and BACP-registered counsellor. I am dedicated to offering you a space of psychological safety, compassion and genuine human connection within my therapeutic practice. In a world where feeling truly heard can be a rarity, I believe in the profound healing power of real conversation and empathetic listening.
01764 915857 View 01764 915857
Photo of Aaron Kelly, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Aaron Kelly
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH8  (Online Only)
Life is ten percent what you experience and ninety percent how you respond to it. Starting counselling can be a bit scary, but living with unresolved problems is probably much worse. I believe that conditions such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and codependency signal that something is preventing us from thriving. Embarking on the journey of counselling can feel daunting, especially when grappling with conditions like Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and the complexities of family issues and trauma. Yet living with unresolved challenges can often feel challenging.
Life is ten percent what you experience and ninety percent how you respond to it. Starting counselling can be a bit scary, but living with unresolved problems is probably much worse. I believe that conditions such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and codependency signal that something is preventing us from thriving. Embarking on the journey of counselling can feel daunting, especially when grappling with conditions like Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and the complexities of family issues and trauma. Yet living with unresolved challenges can often feel challenging.
01764 910438 View 01764 910438
Photo of Sarah Worth, MSc, ACC Reg, Counsellor
Sarah Worth
Counsellor, MSc, ACC Reg
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
0131 381 0082 View 0131 381 0082
Photo of Greg Barton, MBACP, Counsellor
Greg Barton
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
Working online and where possible face to face I seek to establish a space and time where you are able to explore those challenges in your life that keep you from moving forward or from leading the life that you aspire to have. ​"When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves." ​ - Viktor Frankl
Working online and where possible face to face I seek to establish a space and time where you are able to explore those challenges in your life that keep you from moving forward or from leading the life that you aspire to have. ​"When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves." ​ - Viktor Frankl
0131 357 3826 View 0131 357 3826
Photo of Victoria Gillingham, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Victoria Gillingham
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 27 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term counselling to address complex issues.
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 27 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term counselling to address complex issues.
07818 682498 View 07818 682498
Photo of Zsofia Kaplar, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Zsofia Kaplar
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9  (Online Only)
Some days it can feel a bit too much. Do you exhaust yourself trying to cope with whatever life throws at you? Even when you feel worn out, close to boiling point or increasingly flat inside? You may feel a need to show yourself strong and capable even when you don’t feel like that. You might treat others a lot better than yourself. This is likely to place a huge toll on your mind and body; perhaps even on the very relationships you put so much into. You can learn to carry less of life's burdens by yourself and get more out of your precious time. What dreams have you given up on? What would you do if you could?
Some days it can feel a bit too much. Do you exhaust yourself trying to cope with whatever life throws at you? Even when you feel worn out, close to boiling point or increasingly flat inside? You may feel a need to show yourself strong and capable even when you don’t feel like that. You might treat others a lot better than yourself. This is likely to place a huge toll on your mind and body; perhaps even on the very relationships you put so much into. You can learn to carry less of life's burdens by yourself and get more out of your precious time. What dreams have you given up on? What would you do if you could?
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Photo of Lisa Cherry-Byrnes, MBACP, Counsellor
Lisa Cherry-Byrnes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
People seek therapy & counselling for different reasons & you will have your own unique life experiences that may cause you unhappiness or you may find yourself at crisis point feeling unsure of what to do next. I have worked with many different clients from across the social & cultural spectrum from medical professionals to artists, full-time students to stay at home parents & retirees. I understand that often it is the first step, no matter who we are, that can feel the hardest; the reaching out & making contact. You may want to explore options for change, make sense of a difficult experience or gain new strategies for coping.
People seek therapy & counselling for different reasons & you will have your own unique life experiences that may cause you unhappiness or you may find yourself at crisis point feeling unsure of what to do next. I have worked with many different clients from across the social & cultural spectrum from medical professionals to artists, full-time students to stay at home parents & retirees. I understand that often it is the first step, no matter who we are, that can feel the hardest; the reaching out & making contact. You may want to explore options for change, make sense of a difficult experience or gain new strategies for coping.
0131 357 6140 View 0131 357 6140
Photo of Vessela Ivkova, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Vessela Ivkova
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
In my practice, I work with people who find it difficult to know and express what they want. I also work with clients who have experienced loss, trauma and displacement and therefore lack a sense of safety and belonging. I am experienced in working with people who find it challenging to regulate their emotions and fall into uncontrollable outbursts of confusion, anger, terror and worry. Finally, I specialise in working with individuals who struggle to form and sustain satisfying relationships and so suffer from feelings of worthlessness and emptiness.
In my practice, I work with people who find it difficult to know and express what they want. I also work with clients who have experienced loss, trauma and displacement and therefore lack a sense of safety and belonging. I am experienced in working with people who find it challenging to regulate their emotions and fall into uncontrollable outbursts of confusion, anger, terror and worry. Finally, I specialise in working with individuals who struggle to form and sustain satisfying relationships and so suffer from feelings of worthlessness and emptiness.
0131 510 5952 View 0131 510 5952
Photo of Sam Roger, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Sam Roger
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newington, Edinburgh EH8
Life will often fill up with unexpected twists and turns - does this sometimes leave you feeling somewhat lost and unsure. Are you considering therapy as a way to navigate through these times? Have you thought of a different way of doing therapy? I am a walk and talk therapist, where therapy isn't just about talking. It's about taking a walk, experiencing the nature around you while delving into your thoughts and emotions. Picture this: instead of confining our conversations to four walls, we take them to the great outdoors with walk and talk therapy.
Life will often fill up with unexpected twists and turns - does this sometimes leave you feeling somewhat lost and unsure. Are you considering therapy as a way to navigate through these times? Have you thought of a different way of doing therapy? I am a walk and talk therapist, where therapy isn't just about talking. It's about taking a walk, experiencing the nature around you while delving into your thoughts and emotions. Picture this: instead of confining our conversations to four walls, we take them to the great outdoors with walk and talk therapy.
01383 669765 View 01383 669765
Photo of Dr Kim Kemp, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Kim Kemp
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH8  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Living with a visible or invisible long term illness can impact on your thoughts, feelings and behaviour and affect your relationships, wellbeing and ability to function. I’m comfortable having difficult conversations about health and medical conditions, treatments, symptoms and the effect they have on your mental wellbeing. Psychological support can help you manage these challenges and get on with living a good life. Psychological support can also be helpful when you are receiving medical care or surgery. Collaborating with me before and after you have medical treatment or surgery can maximise your coping strategies and recovery.
Living with a visible or invisible long term illness can impact on your thoughts, feelings and behaviour and affect your relationships, wellbeing and ability to function. I’m comfortable having difficult conversations about health and medical conditions, treatments, symptoms and the effect they have on your mental wellbeing. Psychological support can help you manage these challenges and get on with living a good life. Psychological support can also be helpful when you are receiving medical care or surgery. Collaborating with me before and after you have medical treatment or surgery can maximise your coping strategies and recovery.
01764 915891 View 01764 915891
Photo of Alison Harper - Harper Clinical Psychology, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Harper Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH8
Harper Clinical Psychology is based in Edinburgh and managed by Dr Alison Harper. Alison has over 20 years’ experience of working with a wide range of mental health issues. Also working in the practice with Alison are 6 psychological therapists who offer assessment, formulation and therapy, offering a flexible and collaborative approach to addressing mental health issues. Our website www.harperclinicalpsychology.com gives a more detailed view of our services.
Harper Clinical Psychology is based in Edinburgh and managed by Dr Alison Harper. Alison has over 20 years’ experience of working with a wide range of mental health issues. Also working in the practice with Alison are 6 psychological therapists who offer assessment, formulation and therapy, offering a flexible and collaborative approach to addressing mental health issues. Our website www.harperclinicalpsychology.com gives a more detailed view of our services.
01764 915830 View 01764 915830
Photo of Josephine Blomqvist Almbring, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Josephine Blomqvist Almbring
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9  (Online Only)
Sometimes life is difficult and you want something different, a change for yourself. Therapy is a space where we can share our stories, our histories that influence the person we are, the suffering we may experience. Through this process, we can develop new insights into what has shaped us as people. I offer a safe, empathic and confidential space where you can explore, without judgement, your story and any personal difficulties you are experiencing. I will work with you, in your rhythm, to help you deepen your awareness of your experiences, thoughts, and embodied feelings.
Sometimes life is difficult and you want something different, a change for yourself. Therapy is a space where we can share our stories, our histories that influence the person we are, the suffering we may experience. Through this process, we can develop new insights into what has shaped us as people. I offer a safe, empathic and confidential space where you can explore, without judgement, your story and any personal difficulties you are experiencing. I will work with you, in your rhythm, to help you deepen your awareness of your experiences, thoughts, and embodied feelings.
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Photo of Tilly Mutter, MSc, HCPC-Music Therap., Counsellor
Tilly Mutter
Counsellor, MSc, HCPC-Music Therap.
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH8
Hi, I'm Tilly a HCPC registered music therapist working around Edinburgh. Music may enable you to connect with parts of yourself that can be difficult with words alone, helping you gain an understanding of your emotions, and memories or expand awareness of your inner self. Music may also help with your connection to others, whether that be a friend, your therapist, a family member or a group. You do not need to have any musical skill to partake in or benefit from the music therapy process.
Hi, I'm Tilly a HCPC registered music therapist working around Edinburgh. Music may enable you to connect with parts of yourself that can be difficult with words alone, helping you gain an understanding of your emotions, and memories or expand awareness of your inner self. Music may also help with your connection to others, whether that be a friend, your therapist, a family member or a group. You do not need to have any musical skill to partake in or benefit from the music therapy process.
01764 915807 View 01764 915807
Photo of Dr Susan Mackay, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Dr Susan Mackay
Psychotherapist, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH9
Here is a safe place where you can bring what’s on your mind and together we can make sense of it to find a clearer way forward. Sometimes troubles can feel too stuck or confusing to find words for. In sessions with me, along with words, we can use art materials, or any to hand objects, like a pencil, a piece of paper or string to express what is happening for you. This can give a cathartic sense of difficulties as if lifted from you and shared. Working together in this way can support new ways of thinking and improve relationships through increased self-awareness and emotional mastery.
Here is a safe place where you can bring what’s on your mind and together we can make sense of it to find a clearer way forward. Sometimes troubles can feel too stuck or confusing to find words for. In sessions with me, along with words, we can use art materials, or any to hand objects, like a pencil, a piece of paper or string to express what is happening for you. This can give a cathartic sense of difficulties as if lifted from you and shared. Working together in this way can support new ways of thinking and improve relationships through increased self-awareness and emotional mastery.
01764 915903 View 01764 915903
Photo of Yvonni Gkergkes, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Yvonni Gkergkes
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH8  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! I'm a Pluralistic/Integrative counsellor passionate about supporting people to cope, overcome their difficulties and improve their wellbeing. Do you feel sad, misunderstood, overwhelmed or lonely? Do you struggle in your relationships? Do you want to understand and process your emotions to enjoy life more? Do you want to strengthen your confidence? In my practice, I strive to create a space where insight is cultivated and offer tools and methods to make sense of things. One thing I hear from my clients often is their regret for not starting counselling sooner. For more about how I work, please visit my website.
Hello and welcome! I'm a Pluralistic/Integrative counsellor passionate about supporting people to cope, overcome their difficulties and improve their wellbeing. Do you feel sad, misunderstood, overwhelmed or lonely? Do you struggle in your relationships? Do you want to understand and process your emotions to enjoy life more? Do you want to strengthen your confidence? In my practice, I strive to create a space where insight is cultivated and offer tools and methods to make sense of things. One thing I hear from my clients often is their regret for not starting counselling sooner. For more about how I work, please visit my website.
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Photo of Dr Corinna Panagou, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Corinna Panagou
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newington, Edinburgh EH8  (Online Only)
Warm welcome, I'm Corinna, an academic and a registered Clinical Psychologist with doctoral-level training in evidence-based therapies, and a profound interest in trauma, and relationship issues. I bring extensive experience from diverse NHS settings, working with various age groups. My integrative approach includes CBT, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, ACT, Schema Therapy, and DBT, enriched by psychodynamic insights. I am also trained in Flash and EMDR for trauma. I combine therapies for a personalized and tailored approach to each individual's unique needs.
Warm welcome, I'm Corinna, an academic and a registered Clinical Psychologist with doctoral-level training in evidence-based therapies, and a profound interest in trauma, and relationship issues. I bring extensive experience from diverse NHS settings, working with various age groups. My integrative approach includes CBT, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, ACT, Schema Therapy, and DBT, enriched by psychodynamic insights. I am also trained in Flash and EMDR for trauma. I combine therapies for a personalized and tailored approach to each individual's unique needs.
01764 915852 View 01764 915852

See more therapy options for Newington, Edinburgh

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Newington, Edinburgh

20+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Newington, Edinburgh who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
91% Stress
87% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
74% Bereavement
74% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aviva
60% Cigna and Evernorth
60% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Newington, Edinburgh see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Newington, Edinburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.