There are a number of models that have attempted to explain why people with Parkinson disease move slowly. In this Perspective, Williams identifies the inconsistencies in these models and suggests that these may be addressed by a different model that considers disordered information transmission as fundamental to slow movement development.

The prefrontal cortex is critical for working memory, over a timescale of seconds. In this Review, Miller and Constantinidis examine how the prefrontal cortex facilitates the integration of memory systems across other timescales as well. In this framework of prefrontal learning, short-term memory and long-term memory interact to serve goal-directed behaviour.

In this Journal Club, Danqian Liu describes the 1953 paper that reported the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Recent advances in the development of gene therapy tools provide hope that these approaches might modulate the altered gene expression that characterizes many CNS disorders. Gao et al. provide an overview of current gene therapy strategies, highlighting the interdependence of therapeutic modality, delivery vehicle and administration route for translational success.

In this Journal Club, Danqian Liu describes the 1953 paper that reported the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Sabine Krabbe describes a 1993 study of classical conditioning in the honeybee that provided early insights into the mechanisms of predictive learning.