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Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) across orbits
Rapid advancements in space travel by new companies and space-related entities from various countries have ushered in a “Second Space Age.” For the first time, this era allows collaboration among previously separated entities to apply modern tools and methods of molecular biology and precision medicine for the benefit of astronauts and crew. This collection brings together articles featuring the analysis of data collected from JAXA studies, Inspiration4 (I4) mission crew members, and NASA and ESA astronaut missions. Additionally, it integrates parallel studies, including cellular profiles, ground analogs, computational models, countermeasures, and extensive model organism data. The package showcases an incredible collaboration across more than 100 institutions, reporting changes at the cellular, tissue, organismal, and systemic levels as a consequence of spaceflight. This work also begins to map differences in how female and male individuals respond to spaceflight and links specific countermeasures to each astronaut.