Cancers, Volume 16, Issue 13 (July-1 2024) – 204 articles
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Surgical excision of primary tumors is the gold standard and best curative treatment for solid tumors. However, the manipulation of tumor releases circulating tumor cells and the inflammatory pain generated during procedures promotes an immunosuppressive stress environment. Moreover, several perioperative factors impair the physiological anticancer immune response, such as chemotherapy, undernutrition, anemia or addictions, thus compromising the benefits of oncological surgery. This review offers a comprehensive and explained list of immunosuppressive factors occurring in the perioperative period of cancer interventions and discusses pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to optimally stimulate the immune system with the aim of helping clinicians to improve cancer outcomes. View this paper
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