Peter Sopher

Austin, Texas, United States Contact Info
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  • Clean Energy Ventures

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Publications

  • Early-stage venture capital for energy innovation: Financing models, trends and implications for policy

    International Energy Agency

    Between USD 1 billion and USD 4 billion of energy-related early-stage venture capital (VC) deals are made every year. Though small relative to the size of total investment in the energy sector, these investment flows provide valuable information about which technologies are favoured by investors and which ones could make their mark in coming years. These deals also have implications for government policy whose goal is to help make sure that public and private innovation is delivering the…

    Between USD 1 billion and USD 4 billion of energy-related early-stage venture capital (VC) deals are made every year. Though small relative to the size of total investment in the energy sector, these investment flows provide valuable information about which technologies are favoured by investors and which ones could make their mark in coming years. These deals also have implications for government policy whose goal is to help make sure that public and private innovation is delivering the technologies needed to meet energy-system objectives.

    Using econometric analysis of a dataset of transactions involving over 2 000 energy-related startups, we can show which technologies are well-supported and who are the investors who do so. Current trends show strengths and the weakness of early-stage VC for fuelling the innovation needed to modernise the energy system and meet collective goals, such as energy access for the world’s poorest people and climate-change mitigation. Better technologies, in the form of hardware, will be critical to improving performance and bringing down costs.

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  • The environmental impacts of green technologies in TX

    Energy Economics

    Using detailed electricity consumption and solar generation data from homes in an Austin TX neighborhood between 2013 and 2015, we calculate the environmental benefits of electric vehicles and rooftop solar panels. We estimate time-varying electric grid marginal emissions and water consumption rates in ERCOT through a regression based analysis, and find that emissions and water consumption rates are lowest at high demand times due to those hours' reliance on cleaner natural gas generators. We…

    Using detailed electricity consumption and solar generation data from homes in an Austin TX neighborhood between 2013 and 2015, we calculate the environmental benefits of electric vehicles and rooftop solar panels. We estimate time-varying electric grid marginal emissions and water consumption rates in ERCOT through a regression based analysis, and find that emissions and water consumption rates are lowest at high demand times due to those hours' reliance on cleaner natural gas generators. We utilize these emissions and water consumption rates to estimate the avoided GHGs and water consumption from grid electricity that solar panels provide. For electric vehicles, we estimate the net effect of this technology, given the avoided gasoline consumption but increase in grid-related charging. We find that, on average, solar panels avoid approximately 75% of yearly grid-related emissions (0.7 tons CO2/year per kW of solar capacity) and yearly grid-related water consumption (400 gal/year per kW of solar capacity), where the benefits depend on the orientation of the panels. We also find that electric vehicle deployment results in avoiding up to 70% of fuel-related emissions (3.5 tons CO2/year) and 60% of fuel-related water consumption (1400 gal/year), though the benefits significantly decrease with the efficiency of the counterfactual vehicle.

    Other authors
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  • Well Within Reach: How Texas Can Comply with and Benefit from the Clean Power Plan

    Environmental Defense Fund

    This EDF report highlights the trend towards clean energy that has taken hold in Texas and promises to continue. Then, using an industry-funded model and assumptions from forecasts by Texas' primary grid operator, ERCOT, it assesses the ease with with Texas can comply with the EPA's Clean Power Plan and the benefits that such compliance could bring the state. The primary finding: Texas will be 88% of the way toward Clean Power Plan compliance, merely through existing market trends.

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  • Lessons Learned from Germany's Energiewende

    Renewable Resources Journal - Renewable Natural Resources Foundation (RNRF)

    This article details the key aspects of Germany's aggressive transition to clean energy, then pulls lessons for other countries, namely the United States, to learn. The primary audience for this journal, beyond academics, is the U.S. Congress, state governors, and representatives of federal science and environmental agencies.

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  • Lessons Learned from Germany's Energiewende: The Political, Governance, Economic, Grid Reliability, and Grid Optimization Bedrock for a Transition to Renewables

    Renewable Energy Law and Policy Review - Lexxion Publisher

    The German example is rife with lessons – pertaining to politics, governance, economics, grid reliability, and grid optimization – for other countries, such as the United States, to internalize as intermittent renewables become more prevalent in their generation mixes. The German example reveals that, while aligning politics and governance structure for an energy sector transition is a heavy lift reliant on sustained popular sentiment among the public, implementation can occur quickly once…

    The German example is rife with lessons – pertaining to politics, governance, economics, grid reliability, and grid optimization – for other countries, such as the United States, to internalize as intermittent renewables become more prevalent in their generation mixes. The German example reveals that, while aligning politics and governance structure for an energy sector transition is a heavy lift reliant on sustained popular sentiment among the public, implementation can occur quickly once these pieces are in place. Economic lessons are nuanced.Macroeconomic costs of Energiewende have placed substantial burdens both on energy-intensive industries and on residential consumers. Associating as an Energiewende proponent requires belief that macroeconomics benefits – such as large employment gains and the establishment of significant market share in an already large industry that’s poised to boom – as well as microeconomic indicators, such as rapidly declining prices for renewables, justify such high short-term costs. Regarding reliability, the German example shows that a grid that derives over a quarter of its power from renewables can become a global leader in supply security given ample reserve capacities and well-developed interconnections with neighbouring grids. However, extensive and expensive transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure must be built to minimize renewables- induced grid congestion that threatens grid reliability both domestically and for neighbours.

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  • Australia: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Australia's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Brazil: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Brazil's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • European Union: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing the European Union's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • India: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing India's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Japan: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Japan's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Kazakhstan: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Kazakhstan's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Mexico: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Mexico's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • New Zealand: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing New Zealand's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Norway: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Norway's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Quebec: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study on Quebec's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI): An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing RGGI's progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • South Africa: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study on South Africa's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Switzerland: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Switzerland's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Tokyo: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, and CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Tokyo's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • United Kingdom: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing the United Kingdom's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Alberta: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing Alberta's emissions trading progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • California: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association, CDC Climat

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing California's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, it was updated in 2015.

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  • Clean Energy is Just Smart Business for Leaders like Apple, Google

    Business - Forbes

    This article analyzes why corporate giants have recently been so bullish investing in clean energy.

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  • 5 Reasons The Future Of Clean Energy Investing Looks Stronger Than Ever

    Business - Forbes

    This article describes five reasons for optimism about the future prospects of investing in clean energy.

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  • Overcoming Challenges - Demand Response & Peak Load Reduction

    Greenbuild

    This paper evaluates building operators’ interest in and ability to participate in demand response (DR) programs and facilitate cost-effective, large-scale deployments of DR. Results were obtained from studying nearly 100 commercial buildings in Las Vegas and southern California. Research questions address consumer energy use behavior and barriers to participation, performance assessment and estimation in commercial buildings, customer financial analysis and cost-effectiveness, and system-wide…

    This paper evaluates building operators’ interest in and ability to participate in demand response (DR) programs and facilitate cost-effective, large-scale deployments of DR. Results were obtained from studying nearly 100 commercial buildings in Las Vegas and southern California. Research questions address consumer energy use behavior and barriers to participation, performance assessment and estimation in commercial buildings, customer financial analysis and cost-effectiveness, and system-wide impacts, including environmental and reliability impacts. Results of the study will guide the refinement of the LEED DR credit and develop a rich dataset on peak demand in buildings that did not exist in large scale.

    Other authors
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  • Is Global Clean Energy Investment At A Tipping Point?

    Business - Forbes

    This article analyzes reports from Bloomberg and others to assess the prospects for global clean energy investment.

    Other authors
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  • South Korea: An Emissions Trading Case Study

    Environmental Defense Fund, International Emissions Trading Association

    This is an exhaustive case study detailing South Korea's carbon market progress. Originally published in 2013, this was updated in 2014.

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  • The World's Carbon Markets: A Case Study Guide to Emissions Trading

    International Emissions Trading Association and Environmental Defense Fund

    IETA and EDF have collaborated to produce a set of detailed case studies of past, present, and future emissions trading systems from across the world. The report focuses on both mature carbon markets, such as the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the northeastern U.S. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), and also emerging policy developments across the world, from Kazakhstan to Mexico to China.

    IETA and EDF have developed these case studies to give businesses…

    IETA and EDF have collaborated to produce a set of detailed case studies of past, present, and future emissions trading systems from across the world. The report focuses on both mature carbon markets, such as the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the northeastern U.S. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), and also emerging policy developments across the world, from Kazakhstan to Mexico to China.

    IETA and EDF have developed these case studies to give businesses, policymakers, and thought leaders a clear picture of global carbon market developments occurring around the globe.

    Please message me with comments, or tweet them using #worldscarbonmarkets

    Other authors
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  • Emissions Trading around the World: Dynamic Progress in Developed and Developing Countries

    Carbon and Climate Law Review - Lexxion Publisher

    This article summarizes the unique elements of 18 different emissions trading systems at multinational, national, regional, state, and local levels around the world.

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