Linux

Open source software (OSS) in academia can have multiple types of implementations and positive returns. This paper explores the use of OSS as a method to teach entrepreneurship concepts and practices to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors. OSS allows for individuals to contribute and provide support services for applications. This will allow students to gain expertise in low level design, software project management, and software consulting services in order to successfully deploy their own spin off company. Covered in this submission will be examples of how the Linux software project development groups, mobile application development, video game design, and support services can be used in the classroom. These examples will serve as the base for any additions or changes in curriculum development, and design to aid institutions in deploying innovative programs in technology entrepreneurship to STEM students.

Multicore embedded systems introduce new opportunities and challenges. Scaling of computational power is one of the main reasons for a transition to a multicore environment. Parallel design patterns, such as Map Reduce, Task Graph, Thread Pool, Task Parallelism assist to derive a parallel approach for calculating the Fast Fourier Transform. By combining these design patterns, a robust application can be obtained. The key issues for concurrent calculation of a Fast Fourier Transform are determined at a higher level avoiding low-level patch-ups.

This study focuses on the Linux as a rapidly growing operating system and the ability to help many Windows to Linux migrants, Linux users, students and a few Linux networking administrators face the problem of quickly learning Linux command-line usage, this limits them when they are required to carry out major tasks using the Linux command-line.

This work analyses the impact of the server operating system on the overall performance of hosted web sites. In the paper, we are presenting the results of comparing the influence of the two most common server operating system families, Windows and the GNU/Linux distributions. Through experiments, we have collected data based on which we have concluded the impact of these operating systems on the performance of a web site developed using the most commonly used web platform - WordPress. The experiment was set up in such a way as to eliminate the impact of hardware on our measurements, which is done by using the same hardware, network and matching conditions. The experiment was conducted with a large number of repetitions to reduce relative errors in measurements. The performance analysis covers files of different sizes and types, including text and multimedia content typical for modern web sites.

DDoS threats have been around ever since the Internet took over half of global communications, posing the real problem of denial of access to online service providers. Recently, a new trend has emerged in non-Windows DDoS attacks that has been induced by code availability, lack of security and an abundance of resources. The attack infrastructure has undergone signifi cant changes in structure, function and complexity. Malware has evolved into complex and relatively sophisticated pieces of code, employing compression, advanced encryption and even rootkit capabilities. Targeted machines are those running systems supporting the ELF format-anything from desktops and servers to IoT devices such as routers or digital video recorders (DVRs) could be at risk. In this paper, we will look at the current state of DDoS trojans forming covert botnets on unsuspecting systems. A technical analysis of the most important malware families will be provided, with a specific focus on infection methods, dynamic behaviour, C&C communication, obfuscation techniques, advanced methods of persistence and stealth, and elimination of rivals. We will study cybercriminals' behaviour and introduce their operation tools, including vulnerability scanners, brute-forcers, bot builders and C&C panels. In many cases, it's unnecessary to apply reverse engineering within the analysis-the original source codes are indexed in public search engines and their customisation is a subject of monetisation. Finally, we will discuss tracking methods and techniques and reveal the targets of these attacks.

A nyílt forráskódú szoftverfejlesztés kialakulása az 1990-es évek egyik legfontosabb fejleménye volt az információtechnológiai (IT) szektorban, melynek hatásai mára jóval túlmutatnak az infokommunikációs technológiák szegmensén. Az egyenrangú, sok eset-ben nem-professzionális felek önszervező közössége által megvalósított termelés (peer production) egyik legékesebb példája a mai napig a Linux operációs rendszerek fejlesz-tése. Smajda (2011) szerint a nyílt forráskód (a felhasználók számára szabadon alakítható és felhasználható szoftver, mely többnyire szabadon terjeszthető) az egyenlő felek kö-zötti együttműködés elképzelése mára a társas élet számos egyéb területére kiterjedt a hadviseléstől a várostervezésen át a gyógyászatig. Az ideológiai alapok, etikai keretek a mai napig komolyan befolyásolják a nyílt forráskódú fejlesztések irányát. Ahogyan arra többek mellett Stewart és Gosain (2006) is rámutatott, az ideológia, a bizalom, illetve a kommunikáció kulcsfontosságú tényező ezen projektek sikeressége szempontjából. Jelen írásban arra vállalkozom, hogy áttekintsem azon ideológiai és etikai alapokat, melyek egyaránt befolyásolták a tágabb IT-szektor, illetve a szabad és nyílt forráskódú szoftverfejlesztés kialakulását és működését. A jelenlegi cikkben egy sajátos példán, az Ubuntu Linuxon keresztül azt is szemléltetni kívánom, hogy milyen változások történ-tek, illetve történnek a nyílt forráskódú szoftverfejlesztés terén. Az infokommunikációs technológiák társadalmi beágyazottságának, használatának megváltozása ugyanis mára a korábban elsősorban a szakértő felhasználók szűk köre számára készített alkalmazások, rendszerek terén is érezteti hatását. Az Ubuntu által képviselt üzleti szemlélet pedig sok esetben feszültségforrássá válik, mivel a közösség érdekeivel, valamint a hackerkultúra ideológiai örökségével helyezkedik szembe. Az alábbiakban elsőként a hackerkultúra bemutatásával, illetve a Himanen (2001) és Castells (2002) által hackeretikának nevezett érték-és normarendszer leírásával fog-lalkozom, melyek a mai napig meghatározzák a nyílt forráskódú fejlesztés, illetve a fej-lesztő és felhasználó közösségek ideológiai hátterét. Mint látható lesz, a hackerkultúra fogalma mind Himanen, mind Castells esetében összemosódik a szabad és nyílt forrás-kódú fejlesztői közösségekkel.

Sun Microsystems Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Steve McGowan commented, “We achieved impressive operational improvements in fiscal 2005 . . . our 16th consecutive year of generating positive cash flow from operations.” Sun Microsystems employees, investors and analysts recognized that Bill Gates had helped out last year. But what explained this year? Perhaps Sun was righting itself?
“Putting our cash to work, we’ve expanded our product portfolio and announced plans to acquire companies that deepen and broaden our systems strategy. We’ve maintained our R&D commitment and delivered crown jewels like Solaris 10 to the market,” said Scott McNealy, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Sun Microsystems. “Big-time progress in FY05. The company is now in a position to take advantage of the investments we have made over the past few years and we believe there is more to come in FY06.”
McNealy continued, “Our demand indicators for Q4 were positive. We have great partners, lots of cash, and a strong team across the board. FY05 was a year of stabilized revenue and earnings. Our opportunity for FY06 is sustained growth and profitability.”
“Profitability?” was the incredulous reaction of many who had followed Sun’s struggle.

Banyak masyarakat saat ini sudah mengenal apa itu sistem operasi atau yang biasa kita sebut OS, bahkan tidak jarang yang mengetahui secara lengkap urutan versi dari sistem operasi tersebut. Sistem operasi bertugas melakukan kontrol dan manajemen perangkat keras serta operasi-operasi dasar sistem, termasuk menjalankan software aplikasi seperti program-program pengolah kata dan browser web.

This conceptual note deals with how Linux (and particularly Linux kernel development) is a fascinating case study of collaborative intelligence, how it incorporates elements of biological evolution and its sociological impacts on us not as just users of technology but as elements of a complex social structure.

I’ve always been fascinated by the Linux operating system. It was in 2001 that I first laid eyes on Red Hat Linux (it was version 6 if I remember correctly) and since then the obsession has grown. I learnt about installing, operating and tweaking distributions of Linux to suit my own needs. I soon had dual-booted my own machine with Windows and Linux. Today in 2014, I can safely say that I know why I was so fascinated by it. The concept that software can be free had an innately attractive ring to it. Today my fascination with Linux is not just limited to the distribution (any “flavor” of Linux can be called a distribution) but the FOSS movement. FOSS stands for Free and open Source Software.

Authentification via LDAP et FreeRadius :

Portail captif : pfsense
Utilisateur : LDAP
Autorisation : FreeRadius

Psense se focalise sur l'authentification de l'utilisateur qui utilise le réseau avec un formulaire de connexion.

LDAP est utilisée pour stocker les utilisateurs qui ont un accès au réseau et au compte client

FreeRadius utilise le principe du règle AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) pour autoriser l'utilisateur à connecter au réseau  ou utiliser un compte au sein d'une machine client.

Instalacija i prvi koraci sa Linuxom, mogu biti, ispočetka velik izazov, posebice ukoliko godinama koristite Windows operativni sistem, gdje se mnogo toga rješava aplikacijama sa grafičkim interfejsom. Obzirom da su instalacije većine distribucija pojednostavljene, sa setom veoma jednostavnih dijaloga koji vas vode kroz cio proces instalacije, na kraju instalacije koja traje ovisno o snazi vašeg hardvera, nekih 20-30 minuta, dobijete distribuciju spremnu za uporabu. Kako većina Linux distribucija ima set predinstaliranih aplikacija za uređivanje teksta, tabela, izradu prezentacija, obradu, pregledanje, editovanje videa, fotografija, izradu logotipova i drugih grafičkih datoteka, pregledanje i surfanje net-a, ipak su komande  te koje rješavaju određene zadatke dosta efikasnije nego što je to slučaj sa grafičkim aplikacijama. U nastavku ovog članka, pogledajte 30 praktičnih Linux komandi sa primjerima, za totalne početnike.

This paper presents benchmarks regarding a web application that aims at displaying and visualizing a dataset for air quality monitoring, experimenting using two different programming languages. Specifically, an application is developed via the use of PHP and Python frameworks in order to study the impact of the CPU, the hard disk architecture and the operating system between each system. Detailed tests have been conducted regarding the necessary computing resources as well as the use of the network (delay, CPU usage etc.) for different operating systems and hardware specifications.

Dalam teknologi internet sekarang ini, WEB SERVER merupakan hal yang sangat berperan penting. Pengetahuan dan pengertian tentang WEB SERVER merupakan hal yang mutlak harus dimiliki oleh seorang operator internet. Mulai dari sistem operasi yang digunakan hingga konfigurasi WEB SERVER pada sistem operasi yang berbasis server. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan dasar mengenai WEB SERVER dan konfigurasi WEB SERVER pada linux Ubuntu.

La plateforme Cyberini est basée sur un constat inquiétant : de plus en plus de cyberattaques nous visent tous les jours, avec des piratages de plus en plus nombreux et des pertes de données de plus en plus couteuses pour les victimes (en temps, en réputation, en démarches et en argent). Les analyses prospectives portant sur l’informatique nous font penser que la cybercriminalité continuera d’évoluer et de s’adapter aux nouvelles technologies. Cela touchera de plus en plus de personnes, et de façon de plus en plus frappante dans nos vies (maisons connectées, bio informatique, passage au “tout-numérique”, etc…).

Este libro es producto de las experiencias de numerosos cursos y charlas impartidos en toda Republica Dominicana por su autor Antonio Perpiñan, presidente de la Fundación Código Libre Dominicano.
Este libro es el producto de la persecución de crear una certificación legítima del software Libre.
La información aquí contenida es producto de todo una investigación de que necesita un joven para desarrollarse desde cero hasta un Júnior SysAdm in de Sistemas GNU/Linux.
El único fin de este es de poder llegar a ser una fuente de información para aquellos usuarios que comienzan a dar sus primeros pasos en los sistemas GNU/Linux, aunque obviamente le puede llegar a ser de utilidad a un usuario avanzado, dándole así a conocer detalles de los diferentes aspectos que componen GNU/Linux..

Операционная система предоставляет выполняющимся в ее среде программам набор сервисов, обращаясь к которым, они могут запрашивать выполнение каких-либо операций. Сервисы реализуются в виде библиотечных функций и системных вызовов. В данной работе рассматриваются системные вызовы операционной системы Linux.

The promising IEEE 802.11s protocol for wireless mesh networks, although it has been ratified since 2011, has not yet achieved the adaptation it should have, while one of the main reasons it was created, which was the unification of existing solutions for wireless mesh networks, has not yet been achieved, since there are still other options, such as B.A.T.M.A.N.-advance, which even receives greater acceptance. The reasons for such a failure are the existing problems in the used path selection algorithm and security protocol, but mainly problems with the support of the protocol in terms of applications and operating systems, but also in hardware.
In this thesis we describe in detail the implementation of the protocol on the Linux operating system, specifically open80211s, highlight the problems and difficulties involved in creating or connecting to a wireless mesh network with existing tools and propose as a solution an application with a graphical user interface, which aims to help even simple users to build wireless mesh networks, helping spread the protocol’s adaptation.
In particular, our application executes in the background all the commands needed to connect to a mesh network, requiring minimal user interaction, which is via a familiar graphical interface. The application can search, display and auto insert the parameters of existing mesh networks, something that no existing solution can offer. Also, for the first time, the user is given the option of creating a secure mesh network using WPA2, if there is a mesh enabled version of authsae present on the system and a compatible wireless network interface controller.