Labour Market

Concerning and involving all communities, having social, economic, and political aspects, always keeping its currency, the globalization process and the accompanying technological developments have greatly influenced the labour markets as in any area. The mismatch between the educational qualities of the supplying segment and the qualities needed by the demanding segment for the current jobs, which we face as an important problem area of the labour market, presents the key issue of our study. Accordingly, the study aims to evaluate the role of education, as an element of human capital, on employability in a quality-oriented way as well as to determine the reasons why persons who graduate from the higher education system are employed for occupations for qualities lower than theirs. The study firstly attempts to create a conceptual and theoretical framework for the qualification mismatch. After that, results of the Household Labour Survey of the Turkish Statistical Institute were grounded on to determine the level of the qualification mismatch at the Turkish Labour Market, and the groups of occupations for which higher education graduates are employed, the quality and educational levels of the occupations according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) and the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) were correlated. Then, the presence of the fact of the qualification mismatch was evaluated based on the province of Ankara as a result of a data set obtained from the Turkish Employment Agency. The said data includes 1.234 employees, who were established by İŞKUR (Turkish short for the Turkish Employment Agency) in 2016, who reside in Ankara, being between ages 15 and 29, and who graduated from universities in the province of Ankara.

The Work Profiler is an instrument that indicates a job seeker's probability of work resumption within a year. In addition, it offers a quick diagnosis of the job seeker's obstacles for return to work. The Work Profiler was developed through a three-stage research process (a literature review, a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study) in order to identify the best predictive factors for work resumption. While a large part of the research was done regionally in the Province of North Holland, the Dutch Institute for Employee Benefit Schemes (UWV) has decided to use it nationwide. At present this profiling instrument is already being used in almost a third of all unemployment offices in the Netherlands.

AFTER the optimism which followed the falling of the Berlin Wall, one has found out that the alternative to Cold War wasn't the Global Peace. Regional conflicts have grown stronger, becoming more intense than ever. At several levels, some taken-for-granted evidences were shaken by ...

This paper comparatively analyses the impact and functionality of the Federal Recognition Act as well as the external examination. Both approaches can foster labour mobility into and within the German labour market. Focusing on horizontal mobility as a spatial movement of migrants and vertical mobility as an upskilling movement, we link these approaches with individual perspectives and experiences. The results show that both approaches highly depend on the formal education system. For the individuals this linkage can have an effect of exclusion and devaluation but also can have a motivating effect. With regard to their labour market integration, both approaches can enable a sustainable mobility into and within the German labour market. Nevertheless, those processes are very demanding and rely on strict regulations that can impede a smooth procedure.

The paper compares the experience of unem-ployment in Britain with that in three former state socialist societies – Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, countries with relatively recent welfare systems, providing a low level of coverage for the unemployed. The analysis ...

In recent years, the use of direct measures of deprivation alongside current income has shown,that the latter provide a rather ,imperfect measure ,of permanent ,income ,or command,over resources. Research has shown ,though that the relationship between income,and deprivation increases if panel measures ,of income ,are used to highlight persistent income ,poverty. In this paper we confirm ,this relationship before moving onto,the analysis of panel ,measures ,of deprivation ,and the relationship between persistent income ,and persistent deprivation poverty measures. Our analysis shows that that while there is a clear and systematic relationship between persistent poverty and persistent deprivation, the degree of overlap is far from perfect. Over and above the impact of persistent income poverty, a variety of resource related variables such as education, labour market experience and social class, and need related variables such asmarital status and household structure, allow a signific...

This paper presents and evaluates two interpretations of the eastern German labour market. These interpretations are called `wage gap’ and `innovation gap’. The former follows standard neoclassical thinking and regards high eastern German unemployment as the consequence of too high a wage level. The latter follows endogenous growth theory and regards a lack of product innovations as the main constraint on output and employment growth in the eastern German economy. The paper argues that the `innovation gap’ explains the facts much better than the `wage gap’. From this, the paper draws conclusions for economic policy: given the high interregional mobility of the workforce and the erosion of collective bargaining in eastern Germany, the wage level is not an appropriate policy instrument anymore. Instead, policy should aim at strengthening the innovative power of the eastern German economy by supporting research and development in the region.

Ireland is distinguished by the high degree of openness of its labour market and the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economy. We develop a neo-classical growth model to explore the consequence of these characteristics for the response of an economy to the kinds of shocks that are widely recognised to have been of importance in driving the

The issues of consumer rights and consumer welfare are increasingly important, especially in the current economic climate in which the ability to make informed choices represents a real advantage in consumers’ daily life. In order to make their purchases with confidence, both in their country and abroad, consumers need easy access to precise information and to professional advice. Taking into account the fact that education and training are a strategic factor for a sustainable development through contribution to human capital development, within the Romania–Bulgaria Cross-Border Cooperation Program 2007–2013, the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest, Romania and the D. Tsenov Academy of Economics in Svisthov, Bulgaria decided to collaborate in the field “Cooperation on human resources development – joint development of skills and knowledge”, through the development of cross-border liaisons and exchanges between the two universities. Our objective is to bring up new methods of tr...

... The increased diversity of people in organizations provides an appearance of change in thedomestic balance of power while it supports the ... In the context of a liberalized global labour market, increased efficiency may be used to reduce the numbers of privileged positions. ...

This novel application of spatial wage theory to health service labour markets analyses the competitiveness of nurse's pay and how this differs between local labour markets in Britain. A switching regression model is estimated to derive standardised spatial wage differentials (SSWDs) for nurses ...

The low mobility of people in Europe is considered a problem for adjustment to asymmetric shocks and regional convergence in the European Monetary Union. We suggest a complement to the traditional migration theories, the insider advantages approach to explain why most Europeans prefer to stay. Staying immobile they have accumulated work- and leisure-oriented insider advantages that are location-specific and would

Cheap labour plays a vital role in today’s global competitive economies by creating huge profit opportunities for employers through two ways: Capital flows into undeveloped and developing countries for employing the cheap labour; and cheap labour from undeveloped countries moves to the developed and developing ones. On the basis of this framework, Turkey can be argued as an example country for employing foreign workers as cheap labour in both national and international markets related to labour market restructuring and employment policies. While the Turkish labour market is evaluated as a cheap labour source by international firms, ironically Turkish workers do not prefer low skilled and low wage jobs, according to the data given by Turkish Employment Organisation. Although there are very limited official statistical data concerning the issue, the new trends and the new regulations need to be studied. Most information is based on written and visual media articles cited by employers and reports from governmental and non-governmental organisations. In this article, these new trends and regulations related to seeking cheap labour are examined through three examples:  ‘Migrants, especially Syrian refugees who are in Turkish labour market’, ‘Turkish prison labour usage by private sector firms as a new governmental implementation’ and ‘employment preferences of Turkish construction firms which are engaged in international market’.

To interrogate the factors and circumstances which may have influenced the changing patterns of industrial disputes over the period 2006 to 2015, and to identify a framework of analysis that helps to de-construct a meta narrative.  The paper begins by identifying periods of labour unrest in Jamaica under a regime of “voluntary industrial relations” and then examines the circumstances which led to the introduction of statutory recognition and compulsory arbitration. Next, there we draw on existing literature to frame a theory of industrial relations that provides the conceptual and analytical foundation to understand the changing patterns of industrial conflicts. Patterns of industrial disputes and work stoppages are then examined over the period 2006-2015, against the backdrop of a 2010 amendment to the Labour Relations and Industrial Disputes Act, which gave non-unionized workers access to statutory arbitration.  This should provide the context for a more discerning analysis of the influence that the state of the economy and labour market would have had on industrial relations praxis.  Finally, some thoughts on the likely implications for Jamaica’s industrial relations are discussed.

The aim of this article is to describe social impact bonds as an innovative instrument for financing social services. The first part presents the nature of this solution in its economic, institutional and legal aspects. Then we analyse the chances of social impact bond development taking into account the labour market and the financial market. In the next part, the authors present a proposal to use the model of social impact bonds in employment support services. The summary is a critical analysis of the model, presenting its weaknesses and relevant remedial strategies.

This weekly brief is not only about the mismatch of skills in our global labour market, but also how factors such as coronavirus disease will affect it, why children need to play musical instruments and some guidelines for our children in their future career paths (by the 2030 year). It is also about changes shaping the global labour market and what we adults need to learn to be in demand.

In our first report in Skills Next, we look at top research and skills training programs that are succeeding internationally, and highlight for Canadian policymakers key features driving success. The future of work will disrupt traditional labour employer-worker relations in five distinct ways. So by looking at skills training programs around the globe, what can be learned about developing digital tools for citizens, building innovation hubs, effective public-private partnerships, responsible public spending, and legal reforms that policymakers can use at home?