Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
A 10th/11th-century glossary from Ripoll stated that the Balearic Islands belonged to Byzance. Despite the anachronism, a historiography presuming that the whole Hispanic world had fallen into the Muslim occupation in the year 711 should be revised. The Vandal conquest (ca. 455) is the beginning of a different historical path, without the unitarism inspired by the Visigoths nor the singularity that would drift the Balearic Islands away from Hispania. The first Peninsular conquest of the Islands took place in the year 903 and the second one in the year 1229. The texts and archaeology contain clear enough indications of the Vandal and Byzantine times in the Balearic Islands. I will focus on the first decade of the second half of the 7th century, when the Visigoth control of the Islands would have started, according to what Noé Villaverde suggested in Història de les Illes Balears, I. Victor de Vita remembers the conquest of the Islands by Genseric, around the year 455, backed up by the permanent Vandal presence in the Islands. They fell into the arms of Constantinople (ca. 534), with an expedition planned in Cartago, not in Hispania, which in the long term caused the delay of the Muslim conquest. All in all, there are many history works that leave the Vandal-Byzantine period of the Balearic Islands out. For example, Historia de España supervised by Menéndez Pidal, which strips the Balearic paleochristian basilicas studied of a religious, cultural, economic and political context. In addition to Procopius from Cesarea, who explains the conquest, other Byzantine authors refer to the Balearic Islands, such as George of Cyprus, the Anonymous of Ravenna (7th century) or Neilos Doxopatris (12th century). Justinian I exiled the bishop Victor of Tunna (+ post a. 566) to the Balearic Islands, and the response of Licinianus of Cartagena (ca. 595) is found in the Byzantine context to Vicenç, bishop of Ebusus (Eivissa). The involvement of Gregorius Magnus (603 aD), through the defensor Ioannes, in Cabrera’s recently-excavated monastery, is also mentioned. In this context, the hypothesis about a Visigoth period in the Balearic history, relived by Villaverde, is based on different suppositions, supported by other possible facts in Septon (Ceuta). The archaeological evidence includes some rings, some buckles and two Visigoth coins. However, the rings may be either Visigoth or Vandal. The buckles are Visigoth, and the coins so far seem to be a mere confusion of the author, caused by a wrong reading of a text by Isidor Macabich. Anyway, they are small precious objects, which alone do not point to the existence of a Visigoth occupation. Any merchant or fugitive could have carried them. On the other hand, there is Ebusitan pottery clearly from the Roman-Byzantine times of the second half of the 6th or 7th centuries and several sites that endured until the 8th century. In Pollentia appeared a piece of glass from the years 750-850. The most important fact is that the flow sequence of the Byzantine currency is quite clear and lasted until the year 739. Slave traders called Radhanites could have contributed to it. Annales Regni Francorum and other Carolingian chroniclers witness the survival of Balearic authorities, who obtained the help of Charlemagne by the end of the 8th century, and as late as 812 Muslims’ captives were released from Empúries. These expeditions were remembered by the bulls of the popes Formosus (891 aD) and Romanus (897 aD). At any rate, the Visigoth silence about the Balearic Islands is complete. Therefore, it seems that Villaverde’s hypothesis does not have any archaeological support nor any text that backs him up. For this reason, the history of the Balearic Islands in the pre-Islamic period must start from its attachment to Byzance.
2007 •
Desde que S. Agustín compuso su obra Contra mendacium ad Consentium estuvo claro que se trataba de un producto de controversia. El obispo de Hipona de forma directa e inmediata pretendía asistir a su supuesto discípulo Consencio. La cuestión de fondo era mostrar la ilicitud de toda mentira. Pero lo que ocasionalmente provocó su escrito era el hecho de que Consencio había adoptado la forma repugnante de combatir el priscilianismo acogiéndose a los sistemas de los secuaces de esta doctrina. Por lo menos eran los métodos que algunos de sus representantes patrocinaban. Se trataba de propagar sus formas de pensar y actuar y hasta de defenderlas, simulando que eran católicos. Para desenmascararles, Consencio proponía que su amigo, el monje Frontón, se infiltrara entre ellos simulando que era uno de su misma tendencia. Con todo, creemos que a esta controversia se deben agregar dos escritos agustinianos más, aunque a primera vista no presenten características que lo denoten. Se trata de las cartas 205 y 120. Son dos respuestas a Consencio. Más adelante veremos a qué tipo de problemas contestaba S. Agustín. Lo que está claro es que su corresponsal no le declaraba cuál era el origen de su preocupación. Nuestro modo de plantear estas cuestiones atenderá a dos puntos principales. El primero se basará en los datos de la cronología que podemos colegir de nuestros escritos, y el segundo partirá principalmente de los elementos doctrinales que en ellos emergen, conectándolos con los momentos en los cuales S. Agustín entró en contacto con el priscilianismo.
The Balearic Islands were recovered by Byzantine Empire in 533, during the renovatio imperii of Justinian. Since then and for more than three centuries the islands remained under the Byzantine orbit. The reforms initiated under Maurice's reign and continued by Heraclius and his successors had a direct impact on the administrative and military organization of the Balearic Islands. In addition the loss of Byzantine territories in Hispania during this time (625-626) had a decisive efect on it. Recent archaeological discoveries, of various stamp seals belonging to Byzantine officers, have provided us new information about the administration of the Balearic Islands. This allows us to go deeper into the study of the administration and military organization of the islands in this period. Now we can compare the new archaeological evidences with Byzantine and Arab literary sources. In this paper we analyze the changes and transformations, produced since the end of the sixth century, until the firsts contacts with the Islamic world at the beginning of the eighth century and how they affect the organization the Balearics Islands. Moreover, we would to present a poster of the Byzantine stamp seals found in the Balearic Islands, Santueri (Felanitx, Majorca) and Minorca, and their possible interpretation.
The developpment of tre roman culture in the Balearic Islands
V Jornades d'Arqueologia de les Illes Balears
Pervivencia de la comunidad judía en las Baleares durante la antigüedad tardía2012 •
Analizaremos la posible continuidad de una comunidad judía en las Baleares durante la Antigüedad tardía. La pervivencia de esta comunidad, con gran importancia dentro de la sociedad, nos permitirá conocer este periodo a través del registro arqueológico, fuentes literarias y toponimia, prestando especial atención a los mosaicos de las basílicas. La conversión forzosa de los judíos de Menorca en el año 418 no supuso la desaparición del judaísmo en las Baleares ni de su influencia dentro de la sociedad, como se puede observar en los paralelismos de los mosáicos.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
2018 •
VIII JORNADES D'ARQUEOLOGIA DE LES ILLES BALEARS ALCÚDIA, MALLORCA 11, 12 I 13 D'OCTUBRE DE 2018 VIII JORNADES D'ARQUEOLOGIA DE LES ILLES BALEARS
NOUS INDICADORS CRONOLÒGICS DE LA FREQÜENTACIÓ TARDOANTIGA DE S’ILLOT (SANT LLORENÇ DES CARDASSAR)2020 •
L'Africa romana XV. Ai confini dell’Impero: contatti, scambi, conflitti. Tozeur, 11-15 dicembre 2002
Las Insulae Baliares en los circuitos de intercambio africano. La importación de alimentos (123 a.C.-707 d.C.)2004 •
2019 •
Historia Colectiva
Una aproximación a las mujeres en las islas Baleares durante la dominación vándala y bizantina2012 •
Visigothic Symposium 3
Gallinari Luciano_Indigenous Peoples in Sardinia and the Iberian Peninsula in the Early Middle Ages: A Comparative Historiography2018 •
Bolletí de la Societat Arqueològica Lul·liana
LA PLACA CERÁMICA DECORADA DE ÉPOCA TARDOANTIGUA DEL MUSEU D'HISTÒRIA DE MANACOR (MALLORCA-ISLAS BALEARESPYRENAE, núm. 40, vol. 2 (2009)
Reflexiones en torno a los esquemas de racionalidad espacial reflejados en el paisaje durante la Prehistoria de MallorcaMorir en el mediterráneo medieval: actas del III …
Enterramientos de la Antigüedad Tardía en las islas de Cabrera y Mallorca2009 •
Cuadernos de Arqueología Mediterránea
INTERACCIÓN Y CAMBIO SOCIAL EN LAS ISLAS BALEARES DURANTE EL BRONCE FINAL. UN PUNTO DE PARTIDA.2013 •
Anexo de Sharq Al-Andalus
Bibliografía sobre temas árabes de las Baleares (Repertorio bibliográfico)1986 •
2008 •
Pyrenae, núm. 44, vol. 2
Suport d'escultura amb decoració vegetal procedent del fòrum de Mago (Maó, Menorca)2013 •
Huguet, E., Ribera A. V. (Coords.): En temps dels visigots al territori de València, València, 164-169 i 237-238.
Les Illes Balears dels segles V a VIII dc. Algunes noves dades aportades per l’arqueologia del segle XXI2019 •