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Collectanea Philologica XXV
The Roman Conquest of Hispania Citerior. Strategies and Archaeological evidence in the north-eastern Peninsular Area. (II-I BCE): The examples of Puig Castellar of Biosca and Can Tacó (Catalonia, Spain).2022 •
The aim of this paper is to provide data for the knowledge of the strategies followed by Rome to take effective control of the Citerior Province of Hispania during the 2 nd century BC. We will analyse two settlements of the northeastern region, namely Puig Castellar de Biosca (Province of Lleida) and Can Tacó (Province of Barcelona), that will serve to gauge the degree of Roman territorial implementation and under what forms this power will be consolidated. The period that interests us ranges from the end of the second Punic-Roman conflict to the first decades of the 1 st century BC. It was a slow process in which Rome did not have a pre-established plan of action but was adapting its strategy to the different circumstances and stages of the conquest. The end of all this was the final control and pacification of the country. While all the researchers have a common understanding that during the first phase of control of the Hispanic territories the army played the most important role, the main discrepancies are related to the nature and characteristics of this occupation. The main focus in this discussion has its centre in the need to define how the Roman Army embodied his presence in Hispania during the first century of conquest and to characterise the different settlements in order to identify and determine with precision their military character or their connection with the process of conquest without a strictly military function.
2013 •
C. S. Sommer & S. Matešić (Eds.), Limes XXIII. Proceedings of the 23rd International Limes Congress in Ingolstadt 2015. Mainz: Nünnerich-Asmus. Vol. 2: 903-910.
The Presence of the Roman Army in North-Western Hispania: New Archaeological Data from Ancient Asturias and Galicia2018 •
José M . Costa-García, David González-Álvarez, João Fonte, Manuel Gago, Andrés Menéndez-Blanco, Rebeca Blanco-Rotea
Since the last decade of the 20th century, Roman military archaeology in Spain has been revolutionized. In this period methodology has evolved and several sites have been discovered, mainly in the northern section of the River Duero basin and in the mountainous areas of Cantabria and Asturias. Some of these sites could be linked with the campaigns of Augustus in Hispania; others might explain pre- and post-war scenarios in the transition from the Late Republic to the Early Empire. Our aim in this paper is to present the new military sites discovered in the westernmost part of this region through geospatial technologies in combination with field surveying
Journal of Roman Archaeology
New perspectives on the Sertorian War in northeastern Hispania: archaeological surveys of the Roman camps of the lower River Ebro2022 •
In recent decades, conflict archaeology has renewed study of the Roman Republican military, with Hispania as one of the most prolific areas of research. Following this trend, since 2006 the University of Barcelona has conducted archaeological investigations at several sites in the lower Ebro basin. When no structures or archaeological layers remained in situ, surface survey became a key methodology. Based on the artifacts retrieved during surface survey, this article identifies four new military establishments dated to the first half of the 1st c. BCE and reinterprets the campaigns of the Sertorian War in northeastern Spain.
PÉREZ GARCIA, Víctor Lluís (2012): “Late Roman and Visigothic military fortifications in Conventus Tarraconensis (Hispania): The organization of border defence”, Aquila Legionis. Cuadernos de estudios sobre el Ejército Romano 15, Universidad de Murcia, pp. 165-202 (ISSN 1578-1578)
(2012) Late Roman and Visigothic military fortifications in Conventus Tarraconensis (Hispania): The organization of border defence2012 •
- ABSTRACT : From the analysis of archaeological remains, we propose the existence of a fortified complex in the Eastern Pyrenees in Late Antiquity (4th-6th centuries), composed of a double defensive line of military small forts (castra and castella), watchtowers (turres) and small walled towns (civitates). Its location reveals the importance of the strategic control of the main regional roads (Via Augusta-Via Domitia and Strata Ceretana) through the mountain passes, common points of entry to Hispania of invasions and migrations. We also analyze the limes or fortified defensive system similarly organized in the Visigoth period (6th century) in front of the Byzantine province Cartaginiensis Spartarie. .................................................................................................................................................................................................... - RESUMEN : A partir del análisis de los restos arqueológicos, se propone la existencia de un sistema fortificado complejo en los Pirineos Orientales en época tardoantigua (siglos IV-VII), compuesto por una doble línea defensiva de pequeños fortines militares (castra y castella), torres de vigilancia (turres) y pequeñas ciudades amuralladas (civitates). Su localización muestra como se priorizó el control estratégico de las principales vías de comunicación de la región (Via Augusta-Via Domitia y Strata Ceretana) a través de los pasos de montaña, puntos frecuentes de entrada a Hispania de invasiones y migraciones. También se analiza el limes o sistema defensivo fortificado que se organizó de forma similar en época visigoda (siglo VI) enfrente de la provincia bizantina Cartaginiensis Spartarie.
Archaeological research at Sanitja Bay in Minorca has provided a plethora of information about the settlement process of the Roman army in the Balearic Islands. The Balearic slingers, appreciated since Punic times, were integrated into the Roman military system. The archaeological research taken place in Sanitja during the last ten years clarifies the process of recruitment, training and indigenous participation in Roman conflicts. All this information, fixed in its historic context, allow us to understand better the political and military processes that took place in the Roman west Mediterranean between the end of the 2nd and the 1st century BC.
Pervading Empire Relationality and Diversity in the Roman Provinces
Different Forms of Roman Imperialism. Social and Territorial Changes in Northwestern Iberia from the 2nd. Century BCE to the 2nd Century CE2020 •
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Journal of Roman Archaeology
Constructing the archaeology of the Roman conquest of Hispania: new evidence, perspectives and challenges2020 •
2021 •
2021 •
A. P. Fitzpatrick & C. Haselgrove (eds.), The Archaeology of Caesar in Britain and Gaul. New archaeological perspectives, Oxford-Philadelphia, 2019, 49-72
The Sertorian Wars in the conquest of Hispania: from data to archaeological assesment2019 •
2020 •
2020 •
Journal of Conflict Archaeology
O Penedo dos Lobos Roman military activity in the uplands of the Galician Massif Northwest Iberia2021 •
In Conflict Archaeology: Materialities of Collective Violence in Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Europe, edited by M. Fernández-Götz and N. Roymans. New York: Routledge, 2018, 115-126.
A. Jiménez, J. Bermejo, R. Liceras, F. Moreno and K. Tardio. Archaeological perspectives on the siege of Numantia: the new fieldwork project at the Roman camps at Renieblas (Spain, 2nd-1st c. BCE)C. S. Sommer & S. Matešić (Eds.), Limes XXIII. Proceedings of the 23rd International Limes Congress in Ingolstadt 2015. Mainz: Nünnerich-Asmus. Vol. 2: 986-993.
Roman Camp and Fort Design in Hispania: An Approach to the Distribution, Morphology and Settlement Pattern of Roman Military Sites during the Early Empire2018 •
Community and Identity at the Edges of the Classical World | 978-1-119-63071-5
Machuca, F. (2021): “There are always two sides to every story”: Roman rule, cultural continuities and ethnic identity in southern Hispania2015 •
2012 •
A. Álvarez Melero, A. Álvarez-Ossorio, G. Bernard y V. A. Torres González (eds.), Fretum Hispanicum. Nuevas perspectivas sobre la importancia geoestratégica y socioeconómica del Estrecho de Gibraltar durante la Antigüedad, Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, 2018, páginas 93-120. ISBN 978-84-472-2841-6
Afri in Hispania, in Africa Hispani: la circulación de tropas a través del Estrecho durante la conquista romana de Hispania2018 •