Svetuka kuchirochemo

Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana

Kubva Wikipedia
| Nhangande ye Mishonga | Udorongodzwa hwe nhangande dze mushonga
Standard 18-column form of the periodic table. For the color legend, see section Layout, under the larger table.

Tafura ye Rupotera (kureva periodic table; periodic table of elements) kana Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana chinyorwa chinotaridza Nhangande dzemishonga dzakadungamidzana pamindanda. Apa Nhangande dzinenge dzakarongwa dzichichitevedza zvipimwa zvakacherechedzwa nenyanzvi kuti zvinoramba zvichidzokorora. Chapotera chinotaridza Nhangande dzakatevedzana: nehukuru hwenhamba yeHatomu; kurongeka kwegute rema electron nedzimwewo faniro dzakacherechedzwa. Nhangande dzinonyorwa dzichimirirwa nemavara anodudza mazita acho, imwe neimwe mubhokisi rayo.

Shoko rokuti kudevanisa rinoreva kuronga wakadungamidza zvichitevedza hungava: hukuru; huremu; hwasha; zera kana chimwe chingacherechedzwa chinokwaniswa kupimiwa. Sokutaura kwaitwa pamusoro pane zviripo zvakacherechedzwa paNhangande zvinotigonesa kudzidevanisa saizvozvi dzakaita ruwarikano rwemindanda.

Rupoterera zvinenge zvoturikira periodicity - apa kureva kupota kunoramba kuchidzoka panhambo inozivikanwa.

Boterero (Period) apa kureva mizera yakachinjika paChapotera. Sokuti muzera unovambira pane Hydrogen (H) kusvika pane Helium (He) iboterero rokutanga. Boterero rechipiri rinovambira pane Lithium (Li) kusvika pane Argon (Ar).

Boka (Group) apa kureva shongwe dzinodzika kubva kumusoro ichienda zasi paChapotera. Sokuti shongwe inovambira pane Beryllium (Be) kusvika pane Radium (Ra) iboka rechipiri. Boterero regumi rinovambira pane Nickel (Ni) kusvika pane Darmstadtium (Ds) .

Nhangande Dzakadarikira (transition elements) imhando yenhangande dzine chikokerero (shell/orbital) chezasi chisina kuzara asi chikokerero chekumucheto chizere nema electron anokwanamo. Nhangande rudarikira dzine nhamba dzeHatomu dzinoti: 21–29, 39–47, 57–79, uye 89–107. Saka zita rokuti Nhangande Dzakadarikira rinobva pakuti dendera remukati igasva asi dendera rekumuchete rizere. Nickel imhando yenhangande rudarikira.

Error: No name provided
Group 1 2 3   4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Pnicto­gens Chal­co­gens Halo­gens Noble gases
Period

1

Hydro­gen1H He­lium2He
2 Lith­ium3Li Beryl­lium4Be Boron5B Carbon6C Nitro­gen7N Oxy­gen8O Fluor­ine9F Neon10Ne
3 So­dium11Na Magne­sium12Mg Alumin­ium13Al Sili­con14Si Phos­phorus15P Sulfur16S Chlor­ine17Cl Argon18Ar
4 Potas­sium19K Cal­cium20Ca Scan­dium21Sc Tita­nium22Ti Vana­dium23V Chrom­ium24Cr Manga­nese25Mn Iron26Fe Cobalt27Co Nickel28Ni Copper29Cu Zinc30Zn Gallium31Ga Germa­nium32Ge Arsenic33As Sele­nium34Se Bromine35Br Kryp­ton36Kr
5 Rubid­ium37Rb Stront­ium38Sr Yttrium39Y Zirco­nium40Zr Nio­bium41Nb Molyb­denum42Mo Tech­netium43Tc Ruthe­nium44Ru Rho­dium45Rh Pallad­ium46Pd Silver47Ag Cad­mium48Cd Indium49In Tin50Sn Anti­mony51Sb Tellur­ium52Te Iodine53 I  Xenon54Xe
6 Cae­sium55Cs Ba­rium56Ba Lan­thanum57La 1 asterisk Haf­nium72Hf Tanta­lum73Ta Tung­sten74W Rhe­nium75Re Os­mium76Os Iridium77Ir Plat­inum78Pt Gold79Au Mer­cury80Hg Thallium81Tl Lead82Pb Bis­muth83Bi Polo­nium84Po Asta­tine85At Radon86Rn
7 Fran­cium87Fr Ra­dium88Ra Actin­ium89Ac 1 asterisk Ruther­fordium104Rf Dub­nium105Db Sea­borgium106Sg Bohr­ium107Bh Has­sium108Hs Meit­nerium109Mt Darm­stadtium110Ds Roent­genium111Rg Coper­nicium112Cn Nihon­ium113Nh Flerov­ium114Fl Moscov­ium115Mc Liver­morium116Lv Tenness­ine117Ts Oga­nesson118Og
1 asterisk Cerium58Ce Praseo­dymium59Pr Neo­dymium60Nd Prome­thium61Pm Sama­rium62Sm Europ­ium63Eu Gadolin­ium64Gd Ter­bium65Tb Dyspro­sium66Dy Hol­mium67Ho Erbium68Er Thulium69Tm Ytter­bium70Yb Lute­tium71Lu  
1 asterisk Thor­ium90Th Protac­tinium91Pa Ura­nium92U Neptu­nium93Np Pluto­nium94Pu Ameri­cium95Am Curium96Cm Berkel­ium97Bk Califor­nium98Cf Einstei­nium99Es Fer­mium100Fm Mende­levium101Md Nobel­ium102No Lawren­cium103Lr  

black=solid green=liquid red=gas gray=unknown Color of the atomic number shows state of matter (at 0 °C and 1 atm)
Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element
Background color shows subcategory in the metal–metalloid–nonmetal trend:
Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Unknown
chemical
properties
Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lan­thanide Actinide Transition metal Post-​transition metal Polyatomic nonmetal Diatomic nonmetal Noble gas