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Nuclear Terrorism Assessment of U.S. Strategies to Prevent, Counter, and Respond to Weapons of Mass Destruction (2024) / Chapter Skim
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5 The Evolving Civil Nuclear Sector: Adapting Approaches and New Opportunities
Pages 62-71

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From page 62...
... government and private sector experts in international, multilateral initiatives such as the International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative has made a positive contribution toward achieving the goal of safe and secure deployment of small modular reactors and other advanced nuclear technologies, while maximizing the potential contribution of such technologies to achieve global clean energy goals. The United States, however, needs to move beyond participation and both lead and drive international standards setting and regulatory harmonization efforts for attaining high standards and norms around nonproliferation, materials control and accounting, and physical and cyber security for these advanced nuclear technologies.
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From page 63...
... With adequate resources, the IAEA can play an indispensable role in strengthening international standards on nuclear safety, security and material control and accounting for advanced nuclear technologies. 5.1 EXPANDING CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR SECURITY Currently, nuclear reactors provide 20 percent of the electrical generation in the United States and are the largest single contributor to clean energy generation (over 70 percent)
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From page 64...
... civil nuclear technology development forward, recognizing the critical role it plays for meeting climate change goals. It seeks to accomplish this by integrating security considerations into the vendors existing processes without hampering development timelines (National Nuclear Security Administration 2022)
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From page 65...
... The forecasted expansion of this sector in support of U.S. and global clean energy goals, will required broader authorized use of nuclear materials in commerce which could translate into a potential increase in opportunities for diversion and misuse (National Nuclear Security Administration and U.S.
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From page 66...
... government and private sector experts in international, multilateral initiatives such as the International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative has made a positive contribution toward achieving the goal of safe and secure deployment of small modular reactors and other advanced nuclear technologies. It also supports maximizing the potential contribution of such technologies for the achievement of global clean energy goals.
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From page 67...
... 5.5 THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY FINDING 5-4: For nuclear new-entrant nations, efforts are urgently needed to bolster nuclear energy cooperation in developing training, education, safety, security, safeguards, and nuclear governance. FINDING 5-5: The IAEA and other multilateral fora are carrying out effective initiatives for strengthening international standards on nuclear safety, security and materials control and accounting for advanced nuclear technologies.
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From page 68...
... . 5.6 SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE FINDING 5-6: The challenge of mitigating the domestic security risk of nuclear materials would be advanced by addressing the long-term disposal issue of spent nuclear fuel that is currently stored at nuclear power plants and other facilities across the United States.
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From page 69...
... 2021. "Advanced Reactor Civil Nuclear Security Project." Conference: Proposed for presentation at the National Academies of Science Meeting - Merits and Viability of Different Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Technology Options and the Waste Aspects of Advance held May 18, 2021 in Washington, DC, US.
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From page 70...
... 2023b. Merits and Viability of Different Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Technology Options and the Waste Aspects of Advanced Nuclear Reactors.
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From page 71...
... . The results show that the agreements and nuclear export controls are best for nuclear newcomers in the upper right quadrant, with worrisome agreements and materials control for countries in the lower left.
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Key Terms

  • nuclear energy
  • advanced nuclear
  • civil nuclear
  • energy agency
  • international atomic

  • nuclear fuel
  • nuclear reactors
  • security administration
  • spent nuclear
  • national nuclear

  • nuclear safety
  • advanced reactors
  • nuclear technologies
  • nuclear facilities
  • modular reactors

  • global nuclear
  • nuclear materials
  • clean energy
  • international standards
  • materials control

  • international nuclear
  • nuclear material
  • nuclear harmonization
  • nuclear industry
  • nuclear threats

  • international energy
  • energy sector
  • energy goals
  • advanced reactor
  • security considerations


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