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Time Evolution of a Cometary Spear of the Sun

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Abstract

Some asteroids, comets, and planets (ACPs) are accelerated by giant planets and ejected from parent planetary systems with velocities of several kilometers per second. When leaving a disintegrating stellar cluster rather than only a parent star, ACPs form a spear-shaped cloud in space. Thereby, ACP spears are formed at the Sun, stars, and stellar clusters. Consequently, due to ACP spears, the boundaries of planetary systems are expanded to dozens of kiloparsecs in the course of time. This paper is focused on the numerical analysis of the orbital evolution of unbound ACPs in the Galaxy, which leads to their transformation to “cometary spears” near the Sun, stars, and stellar clusters. It has been shown that, over time, the ACP spears of stars are transformed to the rings around a center of the Galaxy.

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Notes

  1. http://www.exoplanetkyoto.org/exohtml/PTFO_8-8695_c.html

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In this analysis, to calculate the orbits in the Galaxy, we used the codes developed by Bovy [32]. We are grateful to Bovy (the Astronomy and Astrophysics Department of the Toronto University) for his useful advice, especially for guidance with the galpy software package. We thank the reviewer for helpful remarks.

Funding

Authors acknowledge the support of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the grant 075-15-2020-780 (N13.1902.21.0039).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Tutukov, M. D. Sizova & S. V. Vereshchagin

Authors
  1. A. V. Tutukov
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  2. M. D. Sizova
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  3. S. V. Vereshchagin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. V. Vereshchagin.

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Translated by E. Petrova

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Tutukov, A.V., Sizova, M.D. & Vereshchagin, S.V. Time Evolution of a Cometary Spear of the Sun. Astron. Rep. 65, 305–311 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772921040089

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772921040089

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