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Archipelagus Arcticus

E Vicipaedia
Tabula Archipelagi Arctici proiectione polari picta.
Tabula Canadae et Archipelagi Arctici.

Archipelagus Arcticus, etiam Archipelagus Arcticus Canadiensis saepe appellatus, est archipelagus insularum ad septentriones terrarum continentalium Canadae iacentes, Groenlandiá (autonomo Daniae territorio) exclusá.

Qui grex insularum 36 563 fere in Marí Arctico, in septentrionali Americae Septentrionalis extremitate situs, et 1 424 500 fere chiliometra quadrata tegens, multum ex terris Canadae Septentrionalis constituit, quod est plurimum provinciae Nunavut et pars Territoriorum Septentrio-Occidentalium.[1] Archipelagus Arcticus Canadiensis effectús calefactionis globalis exhibet,[2][3] nonnullis aestimationibus computatralibus nunc dicentibus liquefactionem ibi 3.5 centimetra ad aequor maris ortum ante annum 2100 contribuere.[4]

Britannicae insularum vindiciae in explorationibus annis 1570 a Martino Frobisher Equite factis conditae sunt. Maiestas Canadiensis primum (1870–80) ad partes insulares solum in Pelvem Foxe, Sinum Hudsonianum, Fretumque Hudsonianum exhaurientís pertinebat. Maiestas Canadiensis in omnibus insulis constituta est anno 1880, cum Britanniarum Regnum insulas reliquas Canadae abalienavit.[5] Districtus Franklin, anno 1895 constitutus, paene omnem archipelagum comprehendebat; districtus autem dissolutus est anno 1999, Nunavut nuper creato. Canada omnes vias aquaticas Transitús Boreo-Occidentalis vindicat, nomine Canadian Internal Waters; quas autem Civitates Foederatae plurimaeque civitates maritimae has aquas pro aquis internationalibus habent.[6] Disputationes de statú transitús anxietates Canadienses de exsecutione circumiectorum, securitate nationali, et maiestate generali amplificaverunt. Insula Hans, in Freto Nares ad orientem Insulae Ellesmere versus, est territorium de quo Canada et Dania lege contendunt.[7][8]

Imago Insulae Baffinensis ex satellite, maximae insulae summá areá Archipelagi Arctici.
Compositio imaginum ex satellite factarum exhibet Insulam Ellesmere et proximas, inter quas insula Axel Heiberg (ad laevam partem Ellesmere). Groenlandia ad dextram iacet.

Extenditur archipelagus 2400 fere chiliometra longitudine et 1900 chiliometra a continente ad Caput Columbiam, locum maxime boreo-occidentalem in Insula Ellesmere. Finitur ad occidentem a Mari Beaufort; ad boreorientalem ab Oceano Arctico; ad orientem a Groenlandia, Sinu Baffin, Fretoque Davisiano; et ad meridiem a Sinu Hudsonio et continente Canadiensi. Variae insulae inter se et a continente separantur a serie viarum aquaticarum uná Transitus Boreo-Occidentalis appellatarum. Duae magnae paeninsulae, Boothia et Melville, ad septentriones a continente extenduntur.

Archipelagus in 36 563 insulis consistit, quarum nonaginta quattuor insulae maiores digeruntur, maiores quam 130 chiliometra quadrata, et aream 1 400 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum tegunt.[9] Insulae archipelagi tegunt plus quam 10 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum, ordine areae descendentis perscriptae:

Nomen Locus* Area (km2) Gradus areae Multitudo
(2001)
Mundus Canada
Insula Baffin NU 507 451 5 1 9563
Insula Victoria NT, NU 217 291 8 2 1707
Insula Ellesmere NU 196 236 10 3 168
Insula Banksia NT 70 028 24 5 114
Insula Devonia NU 55 247 27 6 0
Insula Axel Heiberg NU 43 178 32 7 0
Insula Melville NT, NU 42 149 33 8 0
Insula Southampton NU 41 214 34 9 718
Insula Principis Cambriae NU 33 339 40 10 0
Insula Somerset NU 24 786 46 12 0
Insula Bathurst NU 16 042 54 13 0
Insulae Principis Patricii NT 15 848 55 14 0
Insula Regis Gulielmi NU 13 111 61 15 1279
Insula Ellef Ringnes NU 11 295 69 16 0
Insula Bylot NU 11 067 72 17 0

* NT = Territoria Septentrio-Occidentalia; NU = Nunavut.

Archipelagus post Groenlandiam est maxima orbis terrarum area terrestris arctica superioris. Clima insularum est arcticum, et solum constat ex tundra praeter in regionibus montanis. Plurimae insulae non habitantur; coloniae hominum tenuissimae dispersaeque sunt, plerumque in litoralibus Inuit locis in insulis meridianis sitis.

Tabula referentialis Archipelagi Arctici Canadiensis

Nexus interni

Bibliographia

[recensere | fontem recensere]
Vulpes rubra Insulae Baffinianae est unum e nonnullis mammalibus parvis quae tundram arcticam habitant.
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