... magnetic stimulation Major depressive disorder Motor threshold Visual analog scale Stimulation-site pain Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents a significant socioeconomic challenge worldwide [ 1 ], with a lifetime prevalence in Japan of around 6% – a figure that is consistent with global...

..., multispecies probiotic intervention study, aims at elucidating the potential interconnection between the gut’s metabolome and the molecular clock in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The aim of the PROVIT-CLOCK study was to analyze changes in core clock gene expression during treatment...

... into subfields. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and cognitive function in patients with SCZ, bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The study included 21 patients with SCZ, 22 with BP, and 21 with MDD and 25 healthy controls (HCs...

..., voxelwise contrasts for the entire skeleton were calculated to carry out the group comparisons. Bipolar disorder Major depressive disorder Diffusion tensor imaging White matter White matter hyperintensities The major affective disorders, bipolar I disorder (BPI), bipolar II disorder (BPII...

... to SSRIs in patients with major depressive disorder. Methods: 50 patients with moderate to severe depression were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry, Sri Ra-machandra Institute of Higher Education and Research. Blood samples were collected, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scoring was done...

...Anna Stippl; Fatma Nur Kirkgöze; Malek Bajbouj; Simone Grimm Background/Aims/Methods: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still one of the most potent treatments in the acute phase of major depressive disorder (MDD) and particularly applied in patients considered treatment resistant. However...

...Angela Ceruso; Mayte Martínez-Cengotitabengoa; Araminta Peters-Corbett; Maria Jose Diaz-Gutierrez; Monica Martínez-Cengotitabengoa Background: Alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are common in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless...

...Emrah Güleş; Dan Vlad Iosifescu; Ümit Tural Introduction: Neuroglial functions may be deteriorated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Objective: To evaluate the markers of glial and neuronal cell turnover and to explore their associations with brain metabolites. Methods: In 10 participants...

...Kaat Hebbrecht; Mirella Stuivenga; Tom Birkenhäger; Roos C. van der Mast; Bernard Sabbe; Erik J. Giltay Background: Although differences in symptom profiles and outcome between depressive patients with an underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD) have been reported...

..., cheap to use and relatively well tolerated, tDCS has gained increasing interest in recent years. Based on well-known behavioral effects, a number of clinical studies have been performed in populations including patients with major depressive disorder followed by schizophrenia and substance use disorders...

...Naotaka Sunada; Yoshiteru Takekita; Shinpei Nonen; Masataka Wakeno; Yosuke Koshikawa; Haruhiko Ogata; Toshihiko Kinoshita; Masaki Kato Background: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) polymorphisms are known to influence hippocampal brain tissue volume in individuals with major depressive disorder...

...Linda van Diermen; Didier Schrijvers; Olivia Cools; Tom K. Birkenhäger; Erik Fransen; Bernard G.C. Sabbe Background: Retardation and agitation are symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), and their presence could play a role in determining clinically meaningful depressive subtypes...

... involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) especially in rodents [ 1 ]. Indeed, several preclinical data argue for the association of BDNF and major depression: first, decreased BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus has been evidenced in different paradigms of major depression...

...Lena C. Quilty; Victoria Marshe; Daniela S.S. Lobo; Kate L. Harkness; Daniel J. Müller; R. Michael Bagby Objectives: Childhood abuse is a powerful prognostic indicator in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with numerous biological risk factors for depression. The purpose...

...Masahiro Takamura; Yasumasa Okamoto; Go Okada; Shigeru Toki; Tetsuya Yamamoto; Osamu Yamamoto; Hiroaki Jitsuiki; Norio Yokota; Tatsuji Tamura; Akiko Kurata; Yoko Kaichi; Yuji Akiyama; Kazuo Awai; Shigeto Yamawaki Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit cognitive impairment...

...Gianluca Serafini; Maurizio Pompili; Martino Belvederi Murri; Matteo Respino; Lucio Ghio; Paolo Girardi; Paul B. Fitzgerald; Mario Amore Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling illness associated with significant functional and psychosocial impairment. Although many...

...Hong Liu; Hui-fang Yin; Da-xing Wu; Shu-jing Xu Background: Dysfunctional cognitive processing and abnormal brain activation in response to emotional stimuli have long been recognized as core features of the major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to examine how Chinese patients...

...Iva Lukic; Milos Mitic; Jelena Djordjevic; Nikola Tatalovic; Natalija Bozovic; Ivan Soldatovic; Marina Mihaljevic; Zorana Pavlovic; Marija B. Radojcic; Nadja P. Maric; Miroslav Adzic Background: Oxidative stress is reliably observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, molecular data...

...Yong-Gu Kim; Hun-Soo Chang; Eun-Soo Won; Byung-Joo Ham; Min-Soo Lee Background/Aims: The genetic variations in serotonin-related genes may be associated with antidepressant treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD). The tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) gene and serotonin 5A receptor...

...Didier L. Schrijvers; Chris Baeken; Rudi De Raedt; Bernard G.C. Sabbe Objectives: Although high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been reported to improve mood symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD...