Kpakpando gbara ya gburugburu

Kpakpando sekọmpolar bụ akụkụ nke, dị ka a na-ahụ ya site n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ebe e nyere n'ụwa, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-edobe n'okpuru mbara igwe n'ihi na ọ dị nso n'otu n'ime okporo ụzọ.  osisi celestial .  Ya mere, a na-ahụ ịhịa ebe n'ebe e kwuru n' okporo osisi kacha nso maka iji dum n'iመደ ọ mgba nke afọ (a ga-ụpọ na-ahụ ya n'ụbọchị dum, ma ọ bụrụ na  ọdịdị mkpuchighị ha).  A na-akpọ ndị ọzọ ọrụ oge .

Kpakpando sekọmpolar niile na-edina n'ime ụgbọ nke onye na-ekiri ihe na-egosi ogo ya.  Kpọmkwem, ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ nkuku nke radius nke ụgbọ a hà nhata latitude nke onye na-ekiri ihe.  Ka onye na-ekiri ya na-azụrụ nso na North ma ọ bụ South Pole, ka ebubo ya na-echeta.

Tupu MB nke Arctic e formalized dị ka mpaghara n'ebe ugwu nke Arctic Circle nke na-ahụ n'etiti ọmụmụ ihe, ọ pụtara n'ụzọ sara mbara ebe ndị 'agba' mkpuru mkpọ ( Ursa Major, Great Bear, na Ursa Minor  , the Little Bear ) dị elu na mbara igwe.  Ya mere okwu a 'Arctic' sitere na Grik ἀρκτικός</link> ( arkticos ), 'bearish', sitere na ἄρκτος</link> ( rktos ), 'agba'.