The "Incredulity of Saint Thomas" is considered one of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio's masterpieces. The painting by the Italian artist portrays the intense moment of doubt and revelation experienced by a doubting Apostle Thomas as he puts his fingers in the resurrected Christ's side.

The scene is based on a story from the Gospel of John where Thomas refused to believe that Jesus had risen from the dead unless he saw and touched the wounds inflicted during the crucifixion. The painting's significance lies in its exploration of themes such as faith, doubt, and the nature of belief.

At the time, due to Caravaggio's unconventional artistic choices such as the use of ordinary models and his realistic depiction of the scene, the work was highly controversial. The painting serves as a visual representation of the interaction between faith and reason, highlighting the human tendency to question and seek evidence even in matters of profound spiritual significance.

Caravaggio painted this work in 1601 as a private commission for the brothers Ciriaco Mattei and Cardinal Girolamo Mattei in the latter's Roman family palace.