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List of Malpighiales of South Africa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.[1][2] The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia, manchineel, rafflesia and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.[3]

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[4]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[5] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[6]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[7]

20 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Achariaceae

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Family: Achariaceae,[7]

Acharia

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Genus Acharia:[7]

Ceratiosicyos

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Genus Ceratiosicyos:[7]

Guthriea

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Genus Guthriea:[7]

Kiggelaria

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Genus Kiggelaria:[7]

Rawsonia

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Genus Rawsonia:[7]

Xylotheca

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Genus Xylotheca:[7]

Chrysobalanaceae

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Family: Chrysobalanaceae,[7]

Parinari

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Genus Parinari:[7]

Clusiaceae

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Family: Clusiaceae,[7]

Clusia

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Genus Clusia:[7]

  • Clusia rosea Jacq. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Garcinia

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Genus Garcinia:[7]

Dichapetalaceae

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Family: Dichapetalaceae,[7]

Dichapetalum

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Genus Dichapetalum:[7]

Tapura

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Genus Tapura:[7]

Elatinaceae

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Family: Elatinaceae,[7]

Bergia

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Genus Bergia:[7]

Elatine

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Genus Elatine:[7]

Erythroxylaceae

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Family: Erythroxylaceae,[7]

Erythroxylum

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Genus Erythroxylum:[7]

Nectaropetalum

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Genus Nectaropetalum:[7]

Euphorbiaceae

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Family: Euphorbiaceae,[7] 47 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.

Hypericaceae

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Family: Hypericaceae,[7]

Hypericum

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Genus Hypericum:[7]

Linaceae

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Family: Linaceae,[7]

Hugonia

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Genus Hugonia:[7]

Linum

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Genus Linum:[7]

Malpighiaceae

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Family: Malpighiaceae,[7]

Acridocarpus

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Genus Acridocarpus:[7]

  • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. indigenous
    • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. linearifolius Launert, indigenous
    • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. natalitius, indigenous

Sphedamnocarpus

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Genus Sphedamnocarpus:[7]

  • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. indigenous
    • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, indigenous
    • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. pruriens, indigenous
  • Sphedamnocarpus transvalicus (Kuntze) Burtt Davy, accepted as Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, present

Triaspis

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Genus Triaspis:[7]

  • Triaspis glaucophylla Engl. endemic
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Immelman, indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. hypericoides, indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. nelsonii (Oliv.) Immelman, indigenous

Ochnaceae

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Family: Ochnaceae,[7]

Brackenridgea

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Genus Brackenridgea:[7]

Ochna

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Genus Ochna:[7]

Passifloraceae

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Family: Passifloraceae,[7]

Adenia

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Genus Adenia:[7]

  • Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl. indigenous
  • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. fruticosa, endemic
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. simplicifolia W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. trifoliata W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • Adenia glauca Schinz, indigenous
  • Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms, indigenous
  • Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms var. gummifera, indigenous
  • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz, indigenous
    • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. glandulifera W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
    • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. hastata, indigenous
  • Adenia natalensis W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • Adenia repanda (Burch.) Engl. indigenous
  • Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
  • Adenia wilmsii Harms, endemic

Basananthe

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Genus Basananthe:[7]

Paropsia

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Genus Paropsia:[7]

Passiflora

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Genus Passiflora:[7]

Schlechterina

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Genus Schlechterina:[7]

Phyllanthaceae

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Family: Phyllanthaceae,[7]

Andrachne

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Genus Andrachne:[7]

Antidesma

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Genus Antidesma:[7]

Bridelia

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Genus Bridelia:[7]

  • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. indigenous
    • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. subsp. cathartica, indigenous
    • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. var. melanthesoides forma melanthesoides, indigenous
  • Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. indigenous
  • Bridelia mollis Hutch. indigenous

Cleistanthus

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Genus Cleistanthus:[7]

Flueggea

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Genus Flueggea:[7]

  • Flueggea verrucosa (Thunb.) G.L.Webster, endemic
  • Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt, indigenous
    • Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa, indigenous

Heywoodia

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Genus Heywoodia:[7]

Hymenocardia

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Genus Hymenocardia:[7]

Lachnostylis

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Genus Lachnostylis:[7]

Margaritaria

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Genus Margaritaria:[7]

  • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster, indigenous
    • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. fagifolia (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous

Phyllanthus

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Genus Phyllanthus:[7]

Pseudolachnostylis

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Genus Pseudolachnostylis:[7]

  • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax, indigenous
    • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. dekindtii (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. glabra (Pax) Brenan, indigenous

Picrodendraceae

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Family: Picrodendraceae,[7]

Androstachys

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Genus Androstachys:[7]

Hyaenanche

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Genus Hyaenanche:[7]

Podostemaceae

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Family: Podostemaceae,[7]

Leiothylax

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Genus Leiothylax:[7]

Sphaerothylax

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Genus Sphaerothylax:[7]

Tristicha

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Genus Tristicha:[7]

  • Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. indigenous
  • Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. subsp. trifaria, indigenous

Putranjivaceae

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Family: Putranjivaceae,[7]

Drypetes

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Genus Drypetes:[7]

Rhizophoraceae

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Family: Rhizophoraceae,[7]

Bruguiera

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Genus Bruguiera:[7]

Cassipourea

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Genus Cassipourea:[7]

Ceriops

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Genus Ceriops:[7]

Rhizophora

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Genus Rhizophora:[7]

Salicaceae

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Family: Salicaceae,[7]

Casearia

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Genus Casearia:[7]

Dovyalis

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Genus Dovyalis:[7]

Flacourtia

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Genus Flacourtia:[7]

Homalium

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Genus Homalium:[7]

Oncoba

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Genus Oncoba:[7]

  • Oncoba spinosa Forssk. indigenous
    • Oncoba spinosa Forssk. subsp. spinosa, indigenous

Populus

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Genus Populus:[7]

  • Populus alba L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Populus alba L. var. alba, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall subsp. deltoides, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Populus nigra L. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Populus nigra L. var. italica Munchh. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Pseudoscolopia

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Genus Pseudoscolopia:[7]

Salix

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Genus Salix:[7]

  • Salix babylonica L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Salix babylonica L. var. babylonica, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Salix caprea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Salix mucronata Thunb. indigenous
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, present
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. hirsuta (Thunb.) Immelman, endemic
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, indigenous
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. wilmsii (Seemen) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, present
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, indigenous
  • Salix subserrata Willd. accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. subserrata (Willd.) R.H.Archer & Jordaan
  • Salix x fragilis L. var. fragilis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Scolopia

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Genus Scolopia:[7]

Trimeria

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Genus Trimeria:[7]

Turneraceae

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Family: Turneraceae,[7]

Afroqueta

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Genus Afroqueta:[7]

Piriqueta

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Genus Piriqueta:[7]

Streptopetalum

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Genus Streptopetalum:[7]

Tricliceras

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Genus Tricliceras:[7]

Violaceae

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Family: Violaceae,[7]

Hybanthus

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Genus Hybanthus:[7]

  • Hybanthus capensis (Thunb.) Engl. indigenous
  • Hybanthus densifolius Engl. indigenous
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. caffer (Sond.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. serratus Engl. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Hybanthus parviflorus (L.f.) Baill. not indigenous, naturalised

Rinorea

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Genus Rinorea:[7]

  • Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. indigenous
    • Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. subsp. natalensis (Engl.) Grey-Wilson, indigenous
  • Rinorea domatiosa A.E.van Wyk, endemic
  • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze, indigenous
    • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia, indigenous
    • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia var. ilicifolia, indigenous

Viola

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Genus Viola:[7]

References

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  1. ^ Endress, Peter K.; Davis, Charles C.; Matthews, Merran L. (May 2013). "Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants". Annals of Botany. 111 (5): 969–985. doi:10.1093/aob/mct056. PMC 3631340.
  2. ^ Stevens, P.F. (2020) [2001]. "Malpighiales". AP Web v. 14. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. ^ Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009). "Angiosperm diversification through time". American Journal of Botany. 96 (1): 349–365. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800060. PMID 21628193.
  4. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  5. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.