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2009 in science

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22 July 2009: the longest-lasting total solar eclipse of the 21st century occurs.

The year 2009 involved numerous significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. 2009 was designated the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations.[1]

Events, discoveries and inventions

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January

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February

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March

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April

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  • 3 April – Dr. Yinfa Ma develops a method for pre-cancer screening that uses urine samples for detection. Ma hopes to be able to predict types of cancer as well as severity.[17]
  • 4 April – A new method developed by Cornell biological engineers offers an efficient way to make proteins for use in medicine or industry without the use of live cells.[18]
  • 5 April – Japanese engineers build a childlike robot, the Child-robot with Biomimetic Body, or CB2, and report that it is slowly developing social skills by interacting with humans and watching their facial expressions, mimicking a mother-baby relationship.[19]

May

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July

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  • 22 July – A total solar eclipse – the longest-lasting total eclipse of the 21st century – takes place.[22]
  • 23 July – Two teams of Chinese researchers create live mice from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.[23]

September

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  • 3 September – Saturn's rings cross the plane of the Earth's orbit. This was the first such crossing since May 22, 1995, and another will not occur until March 23, 2025.[24]
  • 29 September – NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft makes its final flyby of Mercury, decreasing velocity enough for its orbital capture in 2011.[25]

October

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  • 1 October – Paleontologists announce the discovery of an Ardipithecus ramidus fossil skeleton, deeming it the oldest fossil skeleton of a human ancestor yet found.[26]
  • 20 October – European astronomers discover 32 new exoplanets.[27]

December

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Prizes

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Abel Prize

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Nobel Prize

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Deaths

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "2009 to be International Year of Astronomy, UN declares". CBC News. December 21, 2007. Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  2. ^ "The gold standard: researchers use nanoparticles to make 3-D DNA nanotubes". Phys.org. 2009-01-01. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  3. ^ Davis, Joshua (2011-10-11). "The Crypto-Currency: Bitcoin and its mysterious inventor". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2013-09-18. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
  4. ^ "Fermi telescope unveils a dozen new pulsars". Phys.org. 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  5. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2009 Jan 26" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  6. ^ Gray, Richard; Dobson, Roger (January 31, 2009). "Extinct ibex is resurrected by cloning". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
  7. ^ "121.5 Phase-Out". COSPAS SARSAT. Archived from the original on 2010-11-21. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
  8. ^ "Iran puts Omid data-processing satellite into orbit". IRNA. 2009-02-03. Archived from the original on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  9. ^ Kwok, Roberta (2009-02-04). "Scientists find world's biggest snake". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2009.80. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
  10. ^ Head, Jason J.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Hastings, Alexander K.; Bourque, Jason R.; Cadena, Edwin A.; Herrera, Fabiany A.; Polly, P. David; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2009-02-05). "Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures". Nature. 457 (7230): 715–718. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..715H. doi:10.1038/nature07671. PMID 19194448. S2CID 4381423.
  11. ^ Iannotta, Becky; Malik, Tariq (2009-02-11). "U.S. Satellite Destroyed in Space Collision". Space.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  12. ^ "JPL Close-Approach Data: C/2007 N3 (Lulin)". 2010-03-11. Retrieved 2010-03-23. last obs
  13. ^ Earthquake-Resistant Housing for Developing Countries humboldt-foundation.de __ 2/2009
  14. ^ "KASC News and Schedule". Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  15. ^ "'Self-correcting' gates advance quantum computing". Phys.org. 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  16. ^ "Milky Tea Really *is* a Lifesaver". -. .theothertomelliott.com. 2009-03-27. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
  17. ^ "Researcher Looks at Ways to Detect Cancer in Urine Samples". Medical Xpress. 2009-04-03. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  18. ^ Bill Steele (2009-04-01). "DNA-based gel produces proteins without live cells". Phys.org. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  19. ^ Miwa Suzuki (2009-04-05). "Japan child robot mimicks infant learning". Phys.org. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  20. ^ "Shuttle Atlantis blasts off on last Hubble mission". Guardian. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  21. ^ Franzen, Jens L.; et al. (2009). Hawks, John (ed.). "Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology". PLoS ONE. 4 (5): e5723. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5723F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005723. PMC 2683573. PMID 19492084.
  22. ^ "Catalog of Long Total Solar Eclipses: 2001 to 3000". NASA. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  23. ^ Cyranoski, David (2009). "Mice made from induced stem cells". Nature. 460 (7255): 560. doi:10.1038/460560a. PMID 19641564.
  24. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions About Saturn's Rings". NASA. Archived from the original on 5 November 1999. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  25. ^ "MESSENGER Gains Critical Gravity Assist for Mercury Orbital Observations". MESSENGER Mission News. September 30, 2009. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  26. ^ Gibbons, Ann (2009). "A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled" (PDF). Science. 326 (5949): 36–40. Bibcode:2009Sci...326...36G. doi:10.1126/science.326_36. PMID 19797636. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-22. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
  27. ^ Fox, Maggie; Frank, Jackie (2009-10-19). "European scientists find trawl of 32 new planets". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
  28. ^ Espenak, F. "Partial Lunar Eclipse of 2009 Dec 31" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  29. ^ Isidro T. Savillo (2009-12-30). "Molecule of the Year 2009 is the Sleeping Beauty Transposase SB 100X". Scientist Solutions. Archived from the original on 2010-01-09. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  30. ^ ""Sleeping Beauty" – Molecule of the Year". MDC Berlin-Buch. 2020-01-19. Archived from the original on 2010-05-05. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  31. ^ Moore, Carrie A. (2009-02-11). "Kolff, 'father of artificial organs,' dies at 97". Deseret News. Archived from the original on 2009-02-17. Retrieved 2009-02-11.