The Yang people, also known as the Nhang or Nyang (autonym: jaŋ˩˧), are a Tai-speaking ethnic group residing in Phongsaly Province, northwestern Laos. According to Chazee (1998), their population was 5,843 people as of 2015.[1] The Yang are heavily influenced by Tai Lue culture, although the Yang of Namo Nua village, Oudomxay province are more heavily influenced by Tai Dam people culture (Chazee 1998:23).
Jerold Edmondson (1997)[2] reported that the Buyang people of southern China claim to have relatives in Phongsaly province, Laos. However, it is unclear whether the Yang of Laos are indeed related to the Buyang of China. The Yang Zhuang of southwestern Guangxi, China and some groups in northwestern Vietnam, known as "Nhắng", share similar names.[3]
Language
editIn February 1998, a 300-word basic vocabulary list of the Yang language was documented by Thongphet Kingsada and Tadahiko Shintani in Basic vocabularies of the languages spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. (1999).
History
editAccording to Yang elders of Nam Fa village, Vieng Poukha District, the Yang had migratedover 200 years ago (or more than 4 generations ago) from the Dien Bien Phu area of northern Vietnam (Chazee 1998:23). Throughout Laos, the Yang currently practice paddy cultivation near streams in lowlands and valleys, at elevations of between 400 and 800 meters.
The Yang of Ay village, Namo District, claim to have originated from the Mường Lay and Mường Sô areas of northern Vietnam over 200 years ago, where they were referred to as "Tai Lay" (Chazee 1998:23). Initially, 12 Yang families settled in an area traditionally belonging to the Tai Lue people in Phongsaly. After two Indochinese wars, the Tai Lue returned from China to reclaim their territory, and settled in Khuang village, several kilometers away. Ay village experienced three destructive fires, in 1940, 1970, and 1991. After the 1991 fire, some families left Ay to establish the nearbyvillages of Ponxay Savan and Somsavan, believing Ay to be haunted by malevolent spirits.
Distribution
editThe Yang are distributed in the following villages of Phongsaly, Luang Namtha, and Oudomxay provinces (Chazee 1998). Kingsada (1999) covers the Yang (jaŋ˩˧) language of Long Ngai Kao village, Bun Neua District, Phongsaly Province, Laos.[4]
- Phongsaly
- Khua District: Mone Savanh, Hat Xeui
- Gnot Ou District: Xum Kham, Tha
- Boun Tai District: Na Mak, Na Tene, Vieng Xai, Long Nam, Long Nay Khao
- Boun Neua District: Muong Xou
- Oudomxay
- Beng District: Khone
- Namo District: Ay, Sonsavath, Ponxay Savan, Namo Neua
- Xay District: Long Ya
- Luang Namtha
- Vieng Poukha District: Nam Fa
- Nale District: Nam Huay
Yang culture is best preserved in Vieng Poukha and Nale districts of Luang Namtha province (Chazee 1998).
References
edit- ^ "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015" (PDF). Lao Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ Outlying Kam-Tai: notes on Ta Mit Laha.
- ^ Doling, Tim. 2010. Mountains and Ethnic Minorities: North West Việt Nam. Hà Nội: Thế Giới Publishers.
- ^ Kingsadā, Thō̜ngphet, and Tadahiko Shintani. 1999 Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
- Chazee, Laurent. 1998. Rural and ethnic diversities in Laos with special focus on the northern provinces. Presented for the Workshop on "Rural and Ethnic diversities in Laos with special focus on Oudomxay and Sayabury development realities", in Oudomxay province, 4–5 June 1998. SESMAC projects Lao/97/002 & Lao/97/003: Strengthening Economic and Social Management Capacity, Sayabury and Oudomxay provinces.