Numerical Investigation of Flow and Flame Structures in an Industrial Swirling Inverse Diffusion Methane/Air Burner
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Configuration of the Industrial Swirling, Inverse Diffusion Gas Burner
3. Numerical Simulation Procedures
3.1. Governing Equations
3.2. Turbulence Model
3.3. Radiation Model
3.4. Boundary Conditions and Solution Method
3.5. Grid Independence Test
3.6. Simulation Conditions
4. Model Validation
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Flow Structure
5.2. Flame Structure and Thermal Characteristics
5.3. Species Concentration Distributions
5.4. Influence of the Inclination Angle of the Fuel Nozzles
5.5. Influence of the Number of Fuel Nozzles
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The swirl action of the burner creates a central recirculation zone and two external recirculation zones at the burner head. These zones stabilize combustion by heating the mixed gas through the entrainment of high-temperature flue gas. The tangential velocity is minimal at the center of the burner, with this minimal value decreasing as the distance from the outlet increases. As the distance to the exit increases, the maximum tangential velocity gradually decreases, and the peak value shifts towards the wall. The effect of the swirl disappears near the chamber outlet. The tangential velocity reaches its peak near R = 0.8 m with increasing radial distance and, then, gradually decreases to zero due to the wall constraints, indicating that the influence of the external recirculation zones has dissipated;
- (2)
- The swirling IDF exhibits a three-part structure consisting of a base flame, flame neck, and flame torch. The methane content reaches zero at the end of the chamber, indicating almost complete fuel combustion. H2O, a product of CH4 combustion, is predominantly distributed in the intense combustion area, with a maximum molar fraction of about 0.18, under the reference condition. The concentration of NO initially increases along the axis, peaking at around Z = 7 m, with a maximum value of approximately 386 ppm, and then decreases;
- (3)
- Improvements to the burner structure reveal that altering the number of fuel nozzles more effectively reduces NOX emissions than changing the fuel nozzle inclination. With 16 fuel nozzles and a nozzle inclination angle of 60°, the NO emissions at the outlet are reduced from 114 mg/m3 under reference conditions to 81.56 mg/m3, a decrease of 28.5%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | Number of Fuel Nozzles | Inclination Angle of Fuel Nozzles | Fuel Velocity (m/s) | Air Velocity (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 8 | 60° | 100.68 | 48.73 |
2 | 12 | 60° | 84.06 | 48.73 |
3 | 16 | 40° | 77.30 | 48.73 |
4 | 16 | 20° | 94.89 | 48.73 |
5 | 16 | 60° | 63.05 | 48.73 |
Inclination Angle of Fuel Nozzles | 60° | 40° | 20° |
Volume concentration of NO (ppm) | 102.3 | 252.74 | 151.80 |
Mass concentration of NO (mg/m3) | 114 | 303.45 | 222.68 |
Inclination Angle of Fuel Nozzles | 60° | 40° | 20° |
Mole fraction of methane at outlet | 0.0189 | 0.029 | 0.039 |
Number of Fuel Nozzles | 8 | 12 | 16 |
Volume concentration of NO (ppm) | 102.3 | 113.66 | 79.72 |
Mass concentration of NO (mg/m3) | 114 | 116.62 | 81.56 |
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Sun, M.; Shao, Y.; Gong, Y.; Xu, C.; Song, T.; Lu, P.; Agarwal, R.K. Numerical Investigation of Flow and Flame Structures in an Industrial Swirling Inverse Diffusion Methane/Air Burner. Fire 2024, 7, 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070237
Sun M, Shao Y, Gong Y, Xu C, Song T, Lu P, Agarwal RK. Numerical Investigation of Flow and Flame Structures in an Industrial Swirling Inverse Diffusion Methane/Air Burner. Fire. 2024; 7(7):237. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070237
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Mengwei, Yali Shao, Yu Gong, Chuanyi Xu, Tao Song, Ping Lu, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 2024. "Numerical Investigation of Flow and Flame Structures in an Industrial Swirling Inverse Diffusion Methane/Air Burner" Fire 7, no. 7: 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070237