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Rank and reproduction in the female spotted hyaena

in Reproduction
Authors:
K. E. Holekamp
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,
L. Smale
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, and
M. Szykman
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1080229
Volume/Issue:
Volume 108: Issue 2
Page Range:
229–237
Article Type:
Research Article
Online Publication Date:
Nov 1996
Free access

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Female reproductive success varies with social rank in many gregarious mammals, including primates, ungulates and carnivores. Social groups of spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) are structured by hierarchical dominance relationships that determine individuals' priority of access to food and other resources. The influence of female social rank on several measures of reproductive success was examined in a population of free-living Crocuta in Kenya. The study population was continuously observed for seven years, making it possible to document litter sizes, interbirth intervals, ages of cubs at weaning, intervals between weaning one litter and conceiving the next, annual rates of production of cubs, and survival of offspring to reproductive maturity. The relationship between availability of food, social rank, and female fertility was examined by monitoring abundance of prey throughout the study period. Most measures of reproductive performance were strongly influenced by social rank. High-ranking females began breeding at younger ages, were more frequently able to support pregnancy and lactation concurrently, experienced shorter intervals between litters, and produced more surviving offspring than did lower-ranking females. Low-ranking females exhibited better reproductive performance when prey animals were abundant than when prey were relatively scarce. By contrast, reproductive performance among high-ranking females was always superior to that exhibited by low-ranking females, and did not vary with prey abundance. Fertility among high-ranking females thus appeared to be less vulnerable to fluctuations in the food supply than was that among low-ranking females.

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Full Text Views 1071 645 17
PDF Downloads 980 429 24

 

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Print ISSN:
1470-1626
Online ISSN:
1741-7899
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