research-article

Epistemology in the Era of Fake News: An Exploration of Information Verification Behaviors among Social Networking Site Users

Authors:

Russell Torres,

Natalie Gerhart,

Arash NegahbanAuthors Info & Claims

ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, Volume 49, Issue 3

Pages 78 - 97

https://doi.org/10.1145/3242734.3242740

Published: 25 July 2018 Publication History

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Abstract

Fake news has recently garnered increased attention across the world. Digital collaboration technologies now enable individuals to share information at unprecedented rates to advance their own ideologies. Much of this sharing occurs via social networking sites (SNSs), whose members may choose to share information without consideration for its authenticity. This research advances our understanding of information verification behaviors among SNS users in the context of fake news. Grounded in literature on the epistemology of testimony and theoretical perspectives on trust, we develop a news verification behavior research model and test six hypotheses with a survey of active SNS users. The empirical results confirm the significance of all proposed hypotheses. Perceptions of news sharers' network (perceived cognitive homogeneity, social tie variety, and trust), perceptions of news authors (fake news awareness and perceived media credibility), and innate intentions to share all influence information verification behaviors among SNS members. Theoretical implications, as well as implications for SNS users and designers, are presented in the light of these findings.

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Index Terms

Epistemology in the Era of Fake News: An Exploration of Information Verification Behaviors among Social Networking Site Users
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing
    1. Collaborative and social computing theory, concepts and paradigms
      1. Social content sharing
2. Information systems
  1. Information systems applications
    1. Collaborative and social computing systems and tools
      1. Social networking sites
  2. World Wide Web
    1. Web applications
      1. Social networks

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Reviewer: Barrett Hazeltine

Factors that influence social networking site users when it comes to verifying information include perceptions about the network's composition, perceptions about the authors of the information, and the user's intentions to share. In particular, perceptions about network composition relate to the diversity represented in the user's social network and the extent to which the user shares beliefs with people in the network. Perceptions about the authors of the information relate to the user's awareness that fake news exists; the trust the user has in other members of the network; and the general trust the user has in media coverage. The conclusions are based on a survey of 514 individuals, nearly all between the ages of 19 and 29, from three different universities. The paper presents two surprising results: trust in the network was positively related to the diversity contained on the user's network, and user verification behavior was positively related to trust in the network. This paper includes much discussion about fake news and some discussion on how to combat it using the results from the survey. It presents a thorough statistical analysis, and the list of references is exhaustive. The approach is provocative and the analysis thorough. It would be worthwhile to know the specific questions asked in the survey. A discussion of the relationship between verification and fake news would have also been helpful.

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Published In

ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems Volume 49, Issue 3

August 2018

115 pages

ISSN:0095-0033

EISSN:1532-0936

DOI:10.1145/3242734

Editors:
Stacie Petter
Baylor University, Waco, TX
,
Tom Stafford
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA
,
Xihui "Paul" Zhang
Northern Alabama University, Florence, AL
,
Heidi Seward
Baylor University, Waco, TX

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Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Published: 25 July 2018

Published in SIGMIS Volume 49, Issue 3

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