Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Dietary intake of (poly)phenols in children and adults: cross-sectional analysis of UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008–2014)

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
European Journal of Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Current evidence accounts for the role of (poly)phenolic compounds in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Detailed information on population-level intakes is required to translate these findings into recommendations. This work aimed to estimate (poly)phenol intake in the UK population using data from a nationally representative survey.

Methods

Data from 9374 participants (4636 children aged 1.5–18 years and 4738 adults aged 19 years and over) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS RP) 2008–2014 was used. (Poly)phenol content of foods consumed in the NDNS RP was identified using Phenol-Explorer and through literature searches. Data on flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes were collected. Total (poly)phenol content was also assessed.

Results

Mean total (poly)phenol intake ranged from 266.6 ± 166.1 mg/day in children aged 1.5–3 years to 1035.1 ± 544.3 mg/day in adults aged 65 years and over, with flavan-3-ols and hydroxycinnamic acids being the most consumed (poly)phenols across all age groups. (Poly)phenol intake was higher in males in all age groups except for adults aged 19–34 and 50–64 years, where intakes were marginally higher in females. Energy-adjusted intakes accounted for the pattern of increasing (poly)phenol intakes with age and a higher intake was observed in females across all age groups, with the exception of children aged 1.5–3 years. The main food sources were non-alcoholic beverages and fruits, being the main compounds flavan-3-ols and caffeoylquinic acids.

Conclusions

This analysis provides estimates of (poly)phenol intake from a representative sample of the UK general population, which can help inform the health implications of (poly)phenol intake.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A (2013) Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 18(14):1818–1892. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2012.4581

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Rodriguez-Mateos A, Vauzour D, Krueger CG, Shanmuganayagam D, Reed J, Calani L, Mena P, Del Rio D, Crozier A (2014) Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 88(10):1803–1853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-014-1330-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Zanotti I, Dall’Asta M, Mena P, Mele L, Bruni R, Ray S, Del Rio D (2015) Atheroprotective effects of (poly)phenols: a focus on cell cholesterol metabolism. Food Funct 6(1):13–31. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00670d

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Tresserra-Rimbau A, Rimm EB, Medina-Remón A, Martínez-González MA, de la Torre R, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Saez GT, Basora J, Sorlí JV, Martínez JA, Vinyoles E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM (2014) Inverse association between habitual polyphenol intake and incidence of cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 24(6):639–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2013.12.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. McCullough ML, Peterson JJ, Patel R, Jacques PF, Shah R, Dwyer JT (2012) Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults. Am J Clin Nutr 95(2):454–464. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.016634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Hodgson JM, Devine A, Puddey IB, Chan SY, Beilin LJ, Prince RL (2003) Tea intake is inversely related to blood pressure in older women. J Nutr 133(9):2883–2886. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.9.2883

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rasines-Perea Z, Teissedre PL (2017) Grape Polyphenols’ effects in human cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Molecules 22(1):1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Miranda AM, Steluti J, Fisberg RM, Marchioni DM (2017) Association between coffee consumption and its polyphenols with cardiovascular risk factors: a population-based study. Nutrients 9(3):E276. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030276

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Vitale M, Vaccaro O, Masulli M, Bonora E, Del Prato S, Giorda CB, Nicolucci A, Squatrito S, Auciello S, Babini AC, Bani L, Buzzetti R, Cannarsa E, Cignarelli M, Cigolini M, Clemente G, Cocozza S, Corsi L, D’Angelo F, Dall’Aglio E, Di Cianni G, Fontana L, Gregori G, Grioni S, Giordano C, Iannarelli R, Iovine C, Lapolla A, Lauro D, Laviola L, Mazzucchelli C, Signorini S, Tonutti L, Trevisan R, Zamboni C, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, TOSCA.IT Study Group (2017) Polyphenol intake and cardiovascular risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetes: the TOSCA.IT study. Clin Nutr 36(6):1686–1692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zamora-Ros R, Knaze V, Rothwell JA, Hémon B, Moskal A, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Kyrø C, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Touillaud M, Katzke V, Kühn T, Boeing H, Förster J, Trichopoulou A, Valanou E, Peppa E, Palli D, Agnoli C, Ricceri F, Tumino R, de Magistris MS, Peeters PHM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Engeset D, Skeie G, Hjartåker A, Menéndez V, Agudo A, Molina-Montes E, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Amiano P, Sonestedt E, Nilsson LM, Landberg R, Key TJ, Khaw K-T, Wareham NJ, Lu Y, Slimani N, Romieu I, Riboli E, Scalbert A (2016) Dietary polyphenol intake in Europe: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Eur J Nutr 55(4):1359–1375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0950-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Knaze V, Zamora-Ros R, Luja-Barroso L, Romieu I, Scalbert A, Slimani N, Riboli E, van Rossum CT, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Trichopoulou A, Dilis V, Tsiotas K, Skeie G, Engeset D, Quirós JR, Molina E, Huerta JM, Crowe F, Wirfäl E, Ericson U, Peeters PH, Kaaks R, Teucher B, Johansson G, Johansson I, Tumino R, Boeing H, Drogan D, Amiano P, Mattiello A, Khaw KT, Luben R, Krogh V, Ardanáz E, Sacerdote C, Salvini S, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Perquier F, González CA (2012) Intake estimation of total and individual flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and theaflavins, their food sources and determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Br J Nutr 108:1095–1108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511006386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Vogiatzoglou A, Mulligan AA, Lentjes MAH, Luben RN, Spencer JPE, Schroeter H, Khaw KT, Kuhnle GG (2015) Flavonoid intake in European adults (18–64 years). PLoS One 10(5):e0128132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Bates B, Lennox A, Prentice A, Bates C, Page P, Nicholson S, Swan G (2014) National diet and nutrition survey results from years 1, 2, 3 and 4 (combined) of the rolling programme (2008/2009–2011/2012. The Department of Health and Food Standards Agency. Public Health England, London

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fitt E, Cole D, Ziauddeen N, Pell D, Stickley E, Harvey A, Stephen AM (2015) DINO (diet in nutrients out)—an integrated dietary assessment system. Public Health Nutr 18(2):234–241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014000342

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Public Health England (2016) National diet and nutrition survey years 1–6, 2008/09–2013/14 [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 6533. https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-6533-8. Accessed June 2018

  16. Food Standards Agency (2002) Food portion sizes, 3rd edn. The Stationary Office, London

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wrieden WL, Longbottom PJ, Adamson AJ, Ogston SA, Payne A, Haleem MA, Barton KL (2008) Estimation of typical food portion sizes for children of different ages in Great Britain. Br J Nutr 99(6):1344–1353. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507868516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Neveu V, Perez-Jimenez J, Vos F, Crespy V, du Chaffaut L, Mennen L, Knox C, Eisner R, Cruz J, Wishart D, Scalbert A (2010) Phenol-Explorer: an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods. Database (Oxford) 2010:bap024. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bap024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rothwell JA, Perez-Jimenez J, Neveu V, Medina-Remón A, M’Hiri N, García-Lobato P, Manach C, Knox C, Eisner R, Wishart DS, Scalbert A (2013) Phenol-Explorer 3.0: a major update of the Phenol-Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content. Database (Oxford). 2013:bat070. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bat070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. MRC Human Nutrition Research (2017) Food Standards Agency Standard Recipes Database, 1992–2012 [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN:8159. https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-8159-1. Accessed June 2018

  21. Bognár A (2002) Tables on weight yield of food and retention factors of food constituents for the calculation of nutrient composition of cooked foods (dishes). Berichte der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Ernährung, Karlsruhe

    Google Scholar 

  22. R Development Core Team (2008) A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  23. Penczynski KJ, Remer T, Herder C, Kalhoff H, Rienks J, Markgraf DF, Roden M, Buyken AE (2018) Habitual flavonoid intake from fruit and vegetables during adolescence and serum lipid levels in early adulthood: a prospective analysis. Nutrients 10(4):E488. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Topor-Madry R, Szafraniec K, Pajak A (2014) Estimated dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study. Nutrition 30(11–12):1398–1403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Nascimento-Souza MA, de Paiva PG, Pérez-Jiménez J, Do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, Ribeiro AQ (2018) Estimated dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in elderly of Viçosa, Brazil: a population-based study. Eur J Nutr 57(2):617–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1348-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Taguchi C, Fukushima Y, Kishimoto Y, Suzuki-Sugihara N, Saita E, Takahashi Y, Kondo K (2015) Estimated dietary polyphenol intake and major food and beverage sources among elderly Japanese. Nutrients 7(12):10269–10281. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7125530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Vitale M, Masulli M, Rivellese AA, Bonora E, Cappellini F, Nicolucci A, Squatrito S, Antenucci D, Barrea A, Bianchi C, Bianchini F, Fontana L, Fornengo P, Giorgino F, Gnasso A, Mannucci E, Mazzotti A, Nappo R, Palena AP, Pata P, Perriello G, Potenziani S, Radin R, Ricci L, Romeo F, Santini C, Scarponi M, Serra R, Timi A, Turco AA, Vedovato M, Zavaroni D, Grioni S, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, TOSCA.IT Study Group (2018) Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in people with type 2 diabetes: the TOSCA.IT Study. Eur J Nutr 57(2):679–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1355-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tresserra-Rimbau A, Medina-Remón A, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martínez-González MA, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Saez GT, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Warnberg J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM (2013) Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in a Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 23(10):953–959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2012.10.008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ovaskainen M-L, Törrönen R, Koponen JM, Sinkko H, Hellström J, Reinivuo H, Mattila P (2008) Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in Finnish adults. J Nutr 138(3):562–566. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.3.562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pérez-Jiménez J, Fezeu L, Touvier M, Arnault N, Manach C, Hercberg S, Galan P, Scalbert A (2011) Dietary intake of 337 polyphenols in French adults. Am J Clin Nutr 93(6):1220–1228. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.007096

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Beking K, Vieira A (2011) An assessment of dietary flavonoid intake in the UK and Ireland. Int J Food Sci Nutr 62(1):17–19. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2010.511165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Vogiatzoglou A, Mulligan AA, Luben RN, Lentjes MAH, Heiss C, Kelm M, Merx MW, Spencer JP, Schroeter H, Kuhnle GG (2014) Assessment of the dietary intake of total flavan-3-ols, monomeric flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and theaflavins in the European Union. Br J Nutr 111(8):1463–1473. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513003930

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Zamora-Ros R, Rothwell J, Scalbert A, Knaze V, Romieu I, Slimani N, Fagherazzi G, Perquier F, Touillaud M, Molina-Montes E, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Amiano P, Menéndez V, Tumino R, de Magistris MS, Palli D, Ricceri F, Sieri S, Crowe FL, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Grote V, Li K, Boeing H, Förster J, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Tsiotas K, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros M, Peeters PH, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Overvad K, Ericson U, Wallström P, Johansson I, Landberg R, Weiderpass E, Engeset D, Skeie G, Wark P, Riboli E, González CA (2013) Dietary intakes and food sources of phenolic acids in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Br J Nutr 110(8):1500–1511. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513000688

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Office for National Statistics (2017) Statistical bulletin: adult drinking habits in Great Britain: 2005–2016

  35. Brown L, Neave A (2016) Health Survey for England 2015: adult alcohol consumption. National Centre for Social Research. http://www.content.digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB22610/HSE2015-Adult-alc.pdf. Accessed Mar 2018

  36. Lader D, Steel M (2009) Opinions Survey Report no. 42 Drinking: adults’ behaviour and knowledge in 2009. Office for National Statistics. NHS Information Centre

  37. Setchell KDR, Brown NM, Lydeking-Olsen E (2002) The clinical importance of the metabolite equol—a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones. J Nutr 123(12):3577–3584. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Mulligan AA, Welch AA, McTaggart AA, Bhaniani A, Bingham SA (2007) Intakes and sources of soya foods and isoflavones in a UK population cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk). Eur J Clin Nutr 61(2):248–254. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602509

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ludwig IA, Mena P, Calani L, Cid C, Del Rio D, Lean ME, Crozier A (2014) Variations in caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents of coffees: what are we drinking? Food Funct 5(8):1718–1726. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00290c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Pérez-Jiménez J, Saura-Calixto F (2015) Macromolecular antioxidants or non-extractable polyphenols in fruit and vegetables: intake in four European countries. Food Res Int 74:315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Subar AF, Freedman LS, Tooze JA, Kirkpatrick SI, Boushey C, Neuhouser ML, Thompson FE, Potischman N, Guenther PM, Tarasuk V, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM (2015) Addressing current criticism regarding the value of self-report dietary data. J Nutr 145(12):2639–2645. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.219634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Ottaviani JI, Heiss C, Spencer JPE, Kelm M, Schroeter H (2018) Recommending flavanols and procyanidins for cardiovascular health: revisited. Mol Aspects Med 61:63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2018.02.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Fabio Castello for his kind support in the literature searches to estimate the (poly)phenol content of some foods.

Funding

The National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS RP) is jointly funded by Public Health England and the UK Food Standards Agency. NZ, BA, SN, PP and SR were supported by the UK Medical Research Council (program U1059600384).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Nida Ziauddeen and Alice Rosi contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK

    Nida Ziauddeen, Birdem Amoutzopoulos, Sonja Nicholson, Polly Page & Sumantra Ray

  2. Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK

    Nida Ziauddeen

  3. Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy

    Alice Rosi, Daniele Del Rio, Francesca Scazzina, Furio Brighenti & Pedro Mena

  4. Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy

    Daniele Del Rio

  5. NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John’s Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, UK

    Daniele Del Rio & Sumantra Ray

Authors
  1. Nida Ziauddeen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alice Rosi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniele Del Rio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Birdem Amoutzopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sonja Nicholson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Polly Page
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Francesca Scazzina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Furio Brighenti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Sumantra Ray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Pedro Mena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

NZ conducted research, analyzed and interpreted data, performed statistical analysis, and wrote the paper; AR conducted research, assisted in data analysis and interpretation, and contributed to writing the manuscript; DDR designed research, contributed to manuscript revision and had primary responsibility for final content; BA and SN conducted research and provided critical review of the manuscript; PP, FS, and FB provided critical review of the manuscript; SR designed research, provided critical review of the manuscript, and had primary responsibility for final content; and PM designed research, interpreted the results, contributed to manuscript revision, and had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Daniele Del Rio or Sumantra Ray.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 67 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ziauddeen, N., Rosi, A., Del Rio, D. et al. Dietary intake of (poly)phenols in children and adults: cross-sectional analysis of UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008–2014). Eur J Nutr 58, 3183–3198 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1862-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1862-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation