Md Faiz Ur Rashid

1. MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker): A MCB is a type of circuit breaker that automatically switches off electrical circuits during abnormal conditions such as overload or short circuit. It is used to protect electrical circuits from damage caused by excessive current. 2. MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker): Similar to MCB, but designed for higher current ratings and industrial applications. MCCBs are more robust and have higher breaking capacities than MCBs. 3. ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker): An ELCB is a safety device used to detect and protect against electrical leakage (earth faults) in the circuit. It disconnects the power supply when it detects a leakage current to prevent electric shock. 4. RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker): Similar to ELCB, but with additional protection against both earth faults and residual currents. RCCBs are used to protect against electric shocks and fires caused by faulty electrical appliances or wiring. 5. RCBO (Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overload Protection): A combination of an RCCB and MCB in one device. It provides protection against earth faults, residual currents, and overloads in a single unit. 6. RCD (Residual Current Device): Another term for RCCB or RCBO, commonly used in the UK and other countries. 7. MPCB (Motor Protection Circuit Breaker): A specialized type of circuit breaker designed to protect motors from overloads, short circuits, and phase failures. It provides protection for motor circuits in industrial applications. These devices are used to ensure electrical safety by protecting against overloads, short circuits, earth faults, and other electrical faults that can lead to fires, electric shocks, or damage to electrical equipment. They are essential components in electrical installations to prevent accidents and ensure reliable operation of electrical systems.

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Lightning protection system

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After almost two year not programming in Tia-portal with factory IO. I finished small project (sorting station) programming depend on state machine algorithm to know any state in cycle and stop at anytime without effect sorting progress

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A bypass capacitor is used to minimize high frequency noise into the supply pin of the DRV device. TI recommends placing capacitors as close as possible to the power input pins of the device and ground pins. If the trace lengths between the bypass capacitor and the device are not minimized, they can be inductive at the high frequencies that the bypass capacitor is meant to filter. The added impedance from trace inductance can cause ringing in the voltage or current at the supply pin which contributes to EMI and affects the performance of digital or analog circuits. A best practice is to place the capacitor with the lesser value as close as possible to the device to minimize the influence of the inductance of the trace. Connect larger-value capacitors after the smaller ones because as the value of the capacitor increases the inductance becomes more negligible.

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Method Of Statement For Electrical Systems #Electrical #Method_of_Statement

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Blokset switchboard heat loss calculation for HVAC system size...

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Types of Distribution Boards 1. Main Distribution Board (MDB) 2. Sub Main Distribution Board (SMDB) 3. Distribution Boards (DB) / Consumer Units (CU) 4. Automatic Power Factor Corrections Units (APFCU) 5. Motor Control Centers (MCC) / Motor Control Panels (MCP)

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Air Circuit breaker Fixed type & drawer type

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Batteries and charger in medium voltage distributors

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Important Considerations while upgrading the PLC Hardware Considerations 1. I/O Compatibility Existing I/O Modules: Ensure the new PLC can interface with current I/O modules or determine if new modules are needed. Expansion Capability: Consider the ability to expand I/O in the future. 2. Processing Power and Memory CPU Specifications: Ensure the new PLC has adequate processing power and memory to handle existing and future applications. 3. Communication Protocols Supported Protocols: Verify that the new PLC supports required communication protocols such as Ethernet/IP, Modbus, or Profibus. Network Integration: Ensure seamless integration into the existing network infrastructure. 4. Software and Firmware Considerations Firmware Compatibility Current Firmware Versions: Ensure the new PLC's firmware is compatible with your existing system. Firmware Updates: Check the availability and process for firmware updates. 5. Software Licensing Programming Software: Ensure you have the necessary licenses for programming software (e.g., RSLogix for Rockwell, TIA Portal for Siemens). Firmware Licenses: Verify any required firmware licenses and their terms. 6. Vendor Services Installation and Configuration Installation Support: Confirm the vendor offers installation and initial configuration services. Commissioning: Check if the vendor provides commissioning support to ensure the system runs correctly post-installation. 7. Training and Support 8. Maintenance and Warranty 9. Integration and Migration Program Migration Logic Transfer: Plan for the migration of existing control logic to the new PLC system. Testing: Perform comprehensive testing to ensure the migrated logic works as expected on the new hardware. 10. Data Integrity Data Backup: Ensure all critical data is backed up before the migration. Data Migration: Plan for the seamless transfer of data to the new system. 11. Downtime Planning Downtime Minimization: Strategize to minimize operational downtime during the upgrade. Contingency Planning: Have contingency plans in place for unexpected issues during the transition. 12. Performance and Scalability System Performance Benchmarking: Compare the new PLC’s performance with the existing system to ensure it meets or exceeds current requirements. 13. Future Scalability Scalability Options: Ensure the new PLC system can scale to accommodate future growth or increased system complexity. 14. Cybersecurity Features Security Protocols: Ensure the new PLC has robust security features to protect against cyber threats. 15. Cost Considerations Total Cost of Ownership Initial Costs: Assess the initial costs of hardware, software, and installation. Recurring Costs: Consider recurring costs such as licensing fees, maintenance, and support services. 16. Return on Investment (ROI) Efficiency Gains: Evaluate the potential efficiency gains from the new system. Cost Savings: Consider long-term cost savings due to improved reliability and reduced maintenance.

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🔵Common PLC Faults and Troubleshooting Procedures:- 1️⃣Electrical Failures:- Electrical issues can stem from power surges, voltage fluctuations, or short circuits. These can damage the PLC’s internal components, leading to malfunctions. Regular electrical maintenance and surge protection can mitigate these risks. 2️⃣Environmental Factors:- PLCs are often exposed to harsh industrial environments, including extreme temperatures, humidity, dust, and corrosive substances. Over time, these factors can take a toll on the system’s hardware, causing failures. Routine PLC repair and maintenance, including cleaning and protection measures, are essential for minimizing the impact of environmental stressors. 3️⃣Software Glitches:- PLCs rely on software programs to execute tasks. Programming errors, software corruption, or incompatibilities can lead to system failures. Regular updates and diligent programming practices can help prevent these issues. 4️⃣Component Wear and Tear:- Over time, the mechanical components of a PLC, such as fans, connectors, and cooling systems, can wear out. This can result in overheating, electrical issues, and reduced performance. Scheduled PLC repair and maintenance can identify and replace worn-out components. 5️⃣External Interference:- Electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI) from nearby equipment or electrical sources can disrupt the operation of a PLC. Shielding, proper grounding, and isolation techniques can help mitigate these external interferences. 6️⃣Operator Error 🔵Signs of Impending PLC Failure:- Recognizing the symptoms of a potentially failing PLC control module is important in addressing issues promptly and efficiently. Here are some common signs to be aware of that might indicate an upcoming failure: 1️⃣Input/Output Modules and Field Devices 2️⃣Ground Integrity 3️⃣Power Supply Failure 4️⃣Electrical Noise Interference 5️⃣Loss of Network Communication #electrical_engineering

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SCOPE OF SUPPLY 400 KVAR Capacitor Bank in Universal Enclosure IP55 form 2b with main MVS breaker and capacitor steps with CVS breaker + 7%Detuned Reactor..

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Your Power-Full Connection GRANDLAY Cables

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SIEMENS 7SR5721 MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY * THERMAL OVERLOAD * CURRENT UNBALANCE * JAM PROTECTION * OVER CURRENT * EARTH FAULT * NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE

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Sub Main Distribution Board (SMDB). A sub main distribution board (SMDB) is an essential component in electrical systems, commonly found in large buildings, factories, or complexes. It serves as a secondary distribution point that receives power from the main distribution board (MDB) and distributes it to various circuits or loads within a specific area or section of the building. Key features of a sub main distribution board include: 1. Incoming Connections: The SMDB receives power from the main distribution board (MDB) through feeder cables or busbars. 2. Protection Devices: typically include circuit breakers or fuses and surg protection realys to protect individual circuits from overloads, short circuits, voltage spikes and faults. These devices help ensure the safety of the electrical system and prevent damage to connected equipment. 3. Busbars: Busbars are conductive strips or bars that distribute electrical power within the SMDB. Busbars are especially designed according to the panel load. They connect the incoming power supply to the outgoing circuits. 4. Circuit Distribution: The SMDB contains multiple outgoing circuits, each serving specific areas or types of loads. These circuits are typically labeled and organized for easy identification and maintenance. 5. Metering: In some cases, SMDBs may include energy meters or monitoring equipment to track electricity usage within a particular section of the building. 6. Isolation and Switching: SMDBs may incorporate switches or isolators to safely disconnect power during maintenance or in case of emergencies. Overall, sub main distribution boards play a crucial role in efficiently distributing electrical power within large buildings or facilities, ensuring reliable and safe operation of electrical systems. #electrical #power #electricity #alfanar #energy #ksa #smdb

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Sizing DC Systems for Switchgears

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design a du/dt filter, we need to consider the following parameters: 1. Maximum voltage (Vmax) 2. Maximum rate of voltage change (dv/dt) 3. Filter cutoff frequency (fc) 4. Filter impedance (Z) 5. Filter capacitance (C) 6. Filter inductance (L) Here's a step-by-step design process: 1. Determine Vmax and dv/dt from the system requirements. 2. Calculate the required filter impedance (Z) using the formula: Z = Vmax / (dv/dt) 3. Choose a suitable filter cutoff frequency (fc) based on the system requirements. 4. Calculate the required filter capacitance (C) using the formula: C = 1 / (2 * π * fc * Z) 5. Calculate the required filter inductance (L) using the formula: L = Z / (2 * π * fc) Example: - Vmax = 500 V - dv/dt = 1000 V/μs - fc = 100 kHz Calculations: - Z = 500 V / (1000 V/μs) = 0.5 Ω - C = 1 / (2 * π * 100 kHz * 0.5 Ω) ≈ 318 nF - L = 0.5 Ω / (2 * π * 100 kHz) ≈ 0.8 μH The resulting filter design would be a series LC filter with a capacitance of approximately 318 nF and an inductance of approximately 0.8 μH. Simplified design... #powerelectronics #powerfilters

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