... to third States desirous of a platform to make their interests known. Third-Party Intervention public international courts and tribunals At first blush, the formal effects of a court’s maritime delimitation decision on third States appear limited. In international adjudication, it is often said...

... by different international courts and tribunals. The revolutionary nature of artificial intelligence (AI) or smart machines has been foreseen for a long time in history, is being currently felt, and will most certainly be felt even more in the future, as it could well be expected and certainly imagined. Thanks...

... of human rights international courts international bill of rights human rights treaties ‘In order to rise from its own ashes, a phoenix first must burn’. O. E. Butler The commemoration of the sixtieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 2008 (‘Universal Declaration’) provided...

...Jessica Auchter international courts gender Africa violence crimes against humanity sexual violence After the 2007 election in Kenya, widespread violence broke out. One instance is illuminating. In January 2008, 16-year-old Walter Odondi, a member of the Luo ethnic group—the same group...

..., using the WTO as an example, it posits the development of international law through three interrelated causes: instrumental, systemic and constitutive, that together furnish a holistic explanation of how the law develops in a specific area. international law WTO law legal theory international courts...

...The creation and increased usage of permanent international courts to deal with a broad range of issues is a relatively new phenomenon. The founding dates of international courts suggests that three critical junctures were important in the creation of the contemporary international courts...

... law International Court of Justice judicial lawmaking sources of international law United Nations Secretary General Vohrah Lal Chand Abi Saab Georges aggression general principles of law terrorism Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties armed conflict ethnic cleansing genocide Genocide...

... on travaux préparatoires as a supplementary means of interpretation. genocide Genocide Convention 1948 International Court of Justice interpretation judicial activism Second World War United Nations General Assembly crimes against humanity ethnic groups Lemkin Raphael protected groups universal...

...In an international court consisting of judges educated in different legal cultures, the ways of approaching a legal question may be difficult to be reconciled. But this lack of agreement may also be caused by blurred standards by which the relevant legal norms are being sought. This is the subject...

...- tional and international criminal law. His book, General Principles of Law in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals was published by Martinus Nijho in 2008. William A Schabas is Director of the Irish Centre for Human Rights at the National University of Ireland, Galway, where he holds...

...This introductory chapter begins with a review of empirical scholarship on international courts. It then sets out the book's purpose, which is to offer a conceptual framework to analyse international court effectiveness. It is a goal-based approach that draws upon the social science literature...

... legitimization dispute resolution constrained independence goal attainment International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTR international courts goal-based model judicial effectiveness constrained independence former Yugoslavia Rwanda...

... is a recent study undertaken by the Project on the Impact of International Courts on Domestic Criminal Procedures in Mass Atrocity Cases (DOMAC Project) (in which the authors were involved), which examined the impact of international criminal tribunals on domestic atrocity proceedings in the countries...

... of international courts—norm support, dispute settlement, regime support, and legitimation. The indications for the norm support, implying the promotion of norm enforcement, are quite evident. For example, Article 19 of the ECHR, in wording essentially unchanged since 1950, refers to the Court as being set up...

... and that this composite legal framework is affected by important drawbacks. The second part examines the existing methods of dispute settlement—litigation before national and international courts and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods. It is argued that, while for many disputes there is no possible substitute...

...This chapter discusses two options for improving the settlement of cultural heritage disputes. The first part examines the feasibility of establishing a new international court—or the amendment of the mandate or the structure of one of the existing courts. The second part looks at existing means...

...This chapter begins by reviewing the literature on international courts and existing explanations for state compliance with their rulings, despite the absence of centralized enforcement. It discusses existing scholarship on domestic veto players, the political actors who can block policy reform...

...Customary international law has effectively moved from the domain of academia to the courtroom. Customary international law now comes up in almost every international court and tribunal, in almost every case, and frequently has an impact on the outcome. International courts ranging from...

... International Criminal Court ICC International Military Tribunal IMT War crimes international law international tribunals international courts UN ad hoc tribunals war crimes genocide crimes against humanity International Criminal Court The greatest change in international law over my lifetime has been...